人工生态恢复对南宁青秀山植物群落多样性的影响
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摘要
为了探讨人工构建群落与自然群落的差异,对南宁青秀山16类典型植物群落进行了调查。结果表明,与自然群落相比人工群落的的物种和个体数的变化明显。物种数最多的乔木层只有12种,灌木层15种和草本层14种;最少的物种数乔木层只有2种,灌木层0种和草本层0种。物种数量和个体数量的变化受植物种类、生长状况、观赏性及设计师的影响最大。与自然群落相比,人工群落的Gleason指数、Shannon–Weiner指数和Pielou指数变化较大。Gleason指数最高的乔木层为桂花林群落2.091 8、灌木层为粉单竹群落3.257 2、草本层为粉单竹群落0.849 3;最低的是棕榈群落0.321 8、灌木层和草本层为0。Shannon–Weiner指数最高的乔木层为钝叶黄檀-大花紫薇群落2.119 3、灌木层为粉单竹群落2.105 9、草本层为粉单竹群落1.652 6;最低的是桃花植物群落0.182 2、灌木层和草本层为0。与自然群落相比,乔灌草的比例与变化较大,有的接近自然群落,有的与自然群落差异极大;群落中常绿种类偏多,落叶植物较少。
In order to investigate the difference between artificial communities and natural community, 16 typical plant communities of Nanning Qingxiushan were investigated. The results show that the species and individual numbers of different artificial sample varied compared with the nature community. The maximal species of arbor layer, shrub and grass and ground layer were 12 kinds, 15 kinds and 14 kinds respectively. The minimal species of arbor layer, shrub and grass and ground layer were 2 kinds, 0 kinds and 0 kinds respectively. Changes in species number and individual number are mostly affected by plant species, growth status, ornamental and designer. Compared with the natural community, the Gleason indexes, the Weiner-Shannon indexes and the Pielou indexes of the artificial community changed greatly. The highest Gleason index of arbor layer was 2.091 8, the shrub layer was 3.257 2, and the herb layer was 0.849 3, and the lowest Gleason index of arbor layer was 0.321 8, the shrub layer and the herb layer were 0. The highest Shannon-Weiner index of arbor layer was Dalbergia obtusifolia-Lagerstroemia speciosa community 2.1193, shrub layer was Bambusa chungii community 2.105 9, the herb layer was Bambusa chungii 1.652 6. The lowest Shannon-Weiner index of arbor layer was Amygdalus persica community 0.182 2, shrub layer and herb layer were 0. Compared with natural communities, the ratio of arbor, shrub and grass layer changed largely, some over natural communities, some close to natural communities. The species of evergreen species in the community is more than that of the deciduous plants.
In order to investigate the difference between artificial communities and natural community, 16 typical plant communities of Nanning Qingxiushan were investigated. The results show that the species and individual numbers of different artificial sample varied compared with the nature community. The maximal species of arbor layer, shrub and grass and ground layer were 12 kinds, 15 kinds and 14 kinds respectively. The minimal species of arbor layer, shrub and grass and ground layer were 2 kinds, 0 kinds and 0 kinds respectively. Changes in species number and individual number are mostly affected by plant species, growth status, ornamental and designer. Compared with the natural community, the Gleason indexes, the Weiner-Shannon indexes and the Pielou indexes of the artificial community changed greatly. The highest Gleason index of arbor layer was 2.091 8, the shrub layer was 3.257 2, and the herb layer was 0.849 3, and the lowest Gleason index of arbor layer was 0.321 8, the shrub layer and the herb layer were 0. The highest Shannon-Weiner index of arbor layer was Dalbergia obtusifolia-Lagerstroemia speciosa community 2.1193, shrub layer was Bambusa chungii community 2.105 9, the herb layer was Bambusa chungii 1.652 6. The lowest Shannon-Weiner index of arbor layer was Amygdalus persica community 0.182 2, shrub layer and herb layer were 0. Compared with natural communities, the ratio of arbor, shrub and grass layer changed largely, some over natural communities, some close to natural communities. The species of evergreen species in the community is more than that of the deciduous plants.
引文
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[2]陈芳洲,董丽.基于AHP法的西安市9个公园绿地冬季植物景观评价[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(5):258-261.
[3]鲁笑颖.北京城市公园绿地植物群落的优化对策探讨[J].中国园艺文摘,2015(6):91-92.
[4]魏姿,王先杰,冯文佳.综合性公园的植物配置与园林空间设计[J].北京农学院学报,2011(3):62-65.
[5]徐欢,朴永吉.城市综合性公园地域特色构成要素研究[J].中国园林,2010,25(12):81-84.
[6]王忠泉.辽宁丹东市元宝山公园规划设计浅析[J].中国园艺文摘,2015(4):144-145+147.
[7]王婧,徐峰.景观节点主导下的城市带状公园设计[J].中国园林,2010,26(4):77-80.
[8]张俊玲,卓丽环,崔永文.太阳岛风景区自然植物群落特征与演替趋势[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,(5):58-61+66
[9]张朝阳,周凤霞,许桂芳,等.长沙市绿地植物群落结构特征与优化构建[J].林业调查规划,2009(3):44-47.
[10]吴昊.不同类型群落物种多样性指数的比较研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(5):84-89.
[11]王军围,唐晓岚,李明阳,等.干扰对太湖西山风景林景观格局影响的时间轨迹分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(12):69-75.
[12]廖秋林,徐丹,沈守云.基于生态位理论的风景名胜区竞争力研究——以南宁青秀山为例[J].中国园林,2013,29(2):105-108.
[13]黄海山.海绵城市视角下城市风景区管理模式变革及价值——以南宁青秀山风景名胜旅游区为例[J].经营管理者,2015(16):146.
[14]李根,廖秋林,沈守云.基于水动力条件的景观水体设计研究——以南宁青秀山蜡烛湖为例[J].湿地科学,2015(4):483-490.