热碱解-中温两相厌氧消化工艺运行效能及抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)变化研究
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摘要
为实现剩余污泥稳定化,并评估剩余污泥的生态环境风险,本研究采用热碱解-中温两相厌氧消化(Thermal-Alkaline Pretreatment-Mesophilic Two Phase Anaerobic Digestion,taMTPAD)工艺处理剩余污泥.考察了热碱解条件及在20、16和10 d 3个不同的总水力停留时间(Total Hydraulic Retention Time,tHRT)下,taMTPAD工艺的运行效果及消化前后抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的变化.结果表明,对于taMTPAD工艺,当tHRT=10 d时,产酸相的挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)积累量和产甲烷相的日产气量达到最大值,但对ARGs的控制效果最差;tHRT=16 d时反应器的运行效果与tHRT=20 d时接近,但对磺胺类ARGs的控制效果不如tHRT=20 d时;当tHRT=20 d时,挥发性固体(VS)去除率和ARGs的削减效果最好.对比tHRT=10 d时的taMTPAD工艺和MTPAD(两相厌氧消化)工艺,发现对剩余污泥进行热碱预处理能提升产酸相150.32%的VFA产量和产甲烷相89.3%的甲烷产率,但同时热碱解却使得厌氧消化后污泥部分ARGs(sul1、tetO、tetW、tetX)相对丰度回升.研究表明,延长tHRT有利于taMTPAD工艺削减ARGs和VS,而缩短tHRT则有利于产气.
In order to stabilize the excess sludge and assess its ecological environment risks, the thermal-alkaline hydrolysis integrated mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion(taMTPAD) system was constructed. The effects of the thermal-alkaline hydrolysis conditions and the total hydraulic retention time(tHRT) of 20, 16 and 10 d on the performance of taMTPAD and the removal of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) was investigated. Results show that volatile fatty acid(VFA) accumulation in acidogenic phase and the daily biogas production in methanogenic phase reached the maximum at the HRT of 10 d, but the worst removal efficiency of ARGs was found. With regarding to HRT of 16 and 20 d, the reactor performance was similar, but the removal of sulfonamide ARGs was lower than that with the HRT of 20 d. Hence, the maximal removal rate of volatile solid(VS) and ARGs was achieved at tHRT=20 d. Compared with MTPAD(two-phase anaerobic digestion) under tHRT=10 d, thermal-alkaline hydrolysis could increase the VFA production in AP by 150.32% and the methane yield in MP of 89.3% in taMTPAD. However, the ARGs(sul1, tetO, tetW, tetX) were partially recovered after thermal-alkaline hydrolysis. Overall, prolonging tHRT was beneficial to taMTPAD process to reduce ARGs and VS, while shortening tHRT was beneficial to biogas production.
In order to stabilize the excess sludge and assess its ecological environment risks, the thermal-alkaline hydrolysis integrated mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion(taMTPAD) system was constructed. The effects of the thermal-alkaline hydrolysis conditions and the total hydraulic retention time(tHRT) of 20, 16 and 10 d on the performance of taMTPAD and the removal of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) was investigated. Results show that volatile fatty acid(VFA) accumulation in acidogenic phase and the daily biogas production in methanogenic phase reached the maximum at the HRT of 10 d, but the worst removal efficiency of ARGs was found. With regarding to HRT of 16 and 20 d, the reactor performance was similar, but the removal of sulfonamide ARGs was lower than that with the HRT of 20 d. Hence, the maximal removal rate of volatile solid(VS) and ARGs was achieved at tHRT=20 d. Compared with MTPAD(two-phase anaerobic digestion) under tHRT=10 d, thermal-alkaline hydrolysis could increase the VFA production in AP by 150.32% and the methane yield in MP of 89.3% in taMTPAD. However, the ARGs(sul1, tetO, tetW, tetX) were partially recovered after thermal-alkaline hydrolysis. Overall, prolonging tHRT was beneficial to taMTPAD process to reduce ARGs and VS, while shortening tHRT was beneficial to biogas production.
引文
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Maspolim Y,Guo C,Xiao K,et al.2016.Performance and microbial community analysis in alkaline two-stage enhanced anaerobic sludge digestion system[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,105:296-305
Maspolim Y,Zhou Y,Guo C,et al.2015.Comparison of single-stage and two-phase anaerobic sludge digestion systems-Performance and microbial community dynamics[J].Chemosphere,140:54-62
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Raynal J,Delgenes J P,Moletta R.1998.Two-phase anaerobic digestion of solid wastes by a multiple liquefaction reactors process[J].Bioresource Technology,65(1):97-103
Shao L M,Wang G Z,Xu H C,et al.2010.Effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on sludge dewaterability and extracellular polymeric substances distribution in mesophilic anaerobic digestion[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,22(3):474-480
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Wang C,Zuo J E,Chen X J,et al.2014.Microbial community structures in an integrated two-phase anaerobic bioreactor fed by fruit vegetable wastes and wheat straw[J].Jounrnal of Environmental Sciences,26(12):2484-2492
Wu C D,Shi J H.2008.Study on ultrasonic disintegration of excess sludge for improving its biogas yield performance of two phase anaerobic digestion[J].Environmental Engineering,26(6):7-12
Wu Y,Cui E P,Zuo Y R,et al.2016.Influence of two-phase anaerobic digestion on fate of selected antibiotic resistance genes and classⅠ integrons in municipal wastewater sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,211:414-421
Xu R,Yang Z H,Wang Q P,et al.2018.Rapid startup of thermophilic anaerobic digester to remove tetracycline and sulfonamides resistance genes from sewage sludge[J].Science of the Total Environment,612:788-798
Yanjun M,Christopher A W,John T N,et al.2011.Effect of various sludge digestions on sulfonamide,macrolide,and tetracycline resistance genes and class 1 integrons[J].Environmental Science and Technology,45(18):7855-7861
Yu G H,He P J,Shao L M.2008.Toward understanding the mechanism of improving the production of volatile fatty acids from activated sludge at pH 10.0[J].Water Research,42:4637-4644
Zhang L G,Yin J,Liu L.2008.Mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge pretreated by ultrasound and lime[J].International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology,15:S51-S55
Zhang Y,Marras C F,Simon C,et al.2009.Wastewater treatment contributes to selective increase of antibiotic resistance among Acinetobacter spp[J].Science of the Total Environment,407(12):3702-3706
Astals S,Peces M,Batstone D J,et al.2018.Characterising and modelling free ammonia and ammonium inhibition in anaerobic systems[J].Water Research,143:127-135
Auerbach E A,Seyfried E E,Mcmahon K D.2007.Tetracycline resistance genes in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants[J].Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,41(5):1143-1151
Bouki C,Venieri D,Diamadopoulos E.2013.Detection and fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria in wastewater treatment plants:A review[J].Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety,91(4):1-9
Cai M L,Liu J X,Wei Y S.2004.Enhanced biohydrogen production from sewage sludge with alkaline pretreatment[J].Environmental Science and Technology,38:3195-3202
Diehl D L,Lapara T M.2010.Effect of temperature on the fate of genes encoding tetracycline resistance and the integrase of class 1 integrons within anaerobic and aerobic digesters treating municipal wastewater solids[J].Environmental Science and Technology,44(23):9128-9133
Ghosh S,Ramsden S J,Lapara T M.2009.The role of anaerobic digestion in controlling the release of tetracycline resistance genes and class 1 integrons from municipal wastewater treatment plants[J].Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology,84(4):791-796
Gianico A,Braguglia C M,Cesarini R,et al.2013.Reduced temperature hydrolysis at 134 ℃ before thermophilic anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge at increasing organic load[J].Bioresource Technology,143:96-103
Kumar A,Schweizer H P.2005.Bacterial resistance to antibiotics:Active efflux and reduced uptake[J].Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,57(10):1486-1513
Lambert P A.2005.Bacterial resistance to antibiotics:Modified target sites[J].Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,57(10):1471-1485
Lapara T M,Burch T R,Mcnamara P J,et al.2011.Tertiary treated municipal wastewater is a significant point source of antibiotic resistance genes into Duluth-Superior Harbor[J].Environmental Science and Technology,45(22):9543-9549
Li C X,Wang X D,Zhang G Y,et al.2017.Hydrothermal and alkaline hydrothermal pretreatments plus anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge for dewatering and biogas production:Bench-scale research and pilot-scale verification[J].Water Research,117:49-57
Li H,Li C,Liu W,et al.2012.Optimized alkaline pretreatment process for enhanced anaerobic digestion[J].Bioresource Technology,123(3):189-194
Li Y Y,Noike T.1992.Upgrading of anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge by thermal pretreatment[J].Water Science and Technology,26(3/4):857-866
Maspolim Y,Guo C,Xiao K,et al.2016.Performance and microbial community analysis in alkaline two-stage enhanced anaerobic sludge digestion system[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,105:296-305
Maspolim Y,Zhou Y,Guo C,et al.2015.Comparison of single-stage and two-phase anaerobic sludge digestion systems-Performance and microbial community dynamics[J].Chemosphere,140:54-62
Mazel D.2006.Integrons:agents of bacterial evolution[J].Nature Publish Group,4:608-620
Munir M,Wong K,Xagoraraki I.2011a.Release of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in the effluent and biosolids of five wastewater utilites in Michigan[J].Water Research,45(2):681-693
Munir M,Xagoraraki I.2011b.Levels of antibiotic resistance genes in manure,biosolids,and fertilized soil[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,40(1):248-255
Poland F G,Ghosh S.1971.Developments in anaerobic stabilization of organic waste-the two-phase concept[J].Environ Letters,1:255-266
Ponsá S,Ferrer I,Vázquez F,et al.2008.Optimization of the hydrolytic-acidogenic anaerobic digestion stage(55 ℃) of sewage sludge:Influence of pH and solid content[J].Water Research,42(14):3972-3980
Raynal J,Delgenes J P,Moletta R.1998.Two-phase anaerobic digestion of solid wastes by a multiple liquefaction reactors process[J].Bioresource Technology,65(1):97-103
Shao L M,Wang G Z,Xu H C,et al.2010.Effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on sludge dewaterability and extracellular polymeric substances distribution in mesophilic anaerobic digestion[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,22(3):474-480
Tong J,Liu J B,Zheng X,et al.2016.Fate of antibiotic resistance bacteria and genes during enhanced anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge by microwave pretreatment[J].Bioresource Technology,217:37-43
Wang C,Zuo J E,Chen X J,et al.2014.Microbial community structures in an integrated two-phase anaerobic bioreactor fed by fruit vegetable wastes and wheat straw[J].Jounrnal of Environmental Sciences,26(12):2484-2492
Wu C D,Shi J H.2008.Study on ultrasonic disintegration of excess sludge for improving its biogas yield performance of two phase anaerobic digestion[J].Environmental Engineering,26(6):7-12
Wu Y,Cui E P,Zuo Y R,et al.2016.Influence of two-phase anaerobic digestion on fate of selected antibiotic resistance genes and classⅠ integrons in municipal wastewater sludge[J].Bioresource Technology,211:414-421
Xu R,Yang Z H,Wang Q P,et al.2018.Rapid startup of thermophilic anaerobic digester to remove tetracycline and sulfonamides resistance genes from sewage sludge[J].Science of the Total Environment,612:788-798
Yanjun M,Christopher A W,John T N,et al.2011.Effect of various sludge digestions on sulfonamide,macrolide,and tetracycline resistance genes and class 1 integrons[J].Environmental Science and Technology,45(18):7855-7861
Yu G H,He P J,Shao L M.2008.Toward understanding the mechanism of improving the production of volatile fatty acids from activated sludge at pH 10.0[J].Water Research,42:4637-4644
Zhang L G,Yin J,Liu L.2008.Mesophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge pretreated by ultrasound and lime[J].International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology,15:S51-S55
Zhang Y,Marras C F,Simon C,et al.2009.Wastewater treatment contributes to selective increase of antibiotic resistance among Acinetobacter spp[J].Science of the Total Environment,407(12):3702-3706