厦门西港近岸沉积物中重金属元素背景值的确定
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摘要
重金属环境背景值是评价环境中重金属污染和制定环境质量标准的前提和基础,为确定厦门西港近岸海域沉积物中重金属元素的背景值水平,以厦门西港近岸海域柱状沉积物样品为研究对象,对不同深度沉积物样品的重金属元素含量进行测定,在分析重金属元素垂直分布特征的基础上,筛选未受人为活动影响的沉积层位,根据数据分布类型计算得到17种重金属元素的背景值(范围):Sc 13. 85(11. 52～16. 69)、V 101. 03(94. 61～107. 45)、Cr 63. 50(55. 00～69. 20)、Co 14. 62(13. 70～15. 54)、Ni 29. 92(27. 23～32. 54)、Cu 21. 48(17. 95～25. 01)、Zn 118. 81(96. 39～141. 23)、Pb 41. 80(38. 41～57. 35)、Sr 97. 78(93. 22～102. 34)、Mo 1. 39(0. 59～2. 19)、Sb 0. 58(0. 53～0. 63)、Ba 407. 00(378. 15～427. 00)、Tl 0. 93(0. 72～1. 05)、Bi 0. 71(0. 51～0. 82)、Fe 32 610. 27(19 903. 73～53 428. 67)、Mn 393. 20(306. 67～793. 63)、Cd 0. 066(0. 056～0. 076) mg/kg。以上背景值与福建省海岸带土壤、厦门A层土壤、中国陆壳、中国浅海沉积物和全国水系沉积物元素背景值相比,总体上比较接近,但Sr含量略低,Pb和Zn含量略高,说明可信度较高且具有地域性。影响厦门西港近岸海域沉积物中重金属元素背景值的主要因素是陆源物质、沉积物粒度和地球化学特征。
The environmental background values of heavy metals are the premise and basis for evaluating environmental pollution of heavy metals and setting environmental quality standards. In order to determine the background values of heavy metals in sediment of the Western Bay coastal area of Xiamen,sediment cores were sampled and contents of heavy metals in sediments from different depths were determined. The segments in sediment cores received no influence from human activities were screened and the background values of heavy metals of the study area were determined on the basis of vertical distributions of heavy metals in sediment cores. The results showed that background values( ranges) of heavy metals are respectively Sc 13. 85( 11. 52-16. 69),V 101. 03( 94. 61-107. 45),Cr63. 50( 55. 00-69. 20),Co 14. 62( 13. 70-15. 54),Ni 29. 92( 27. 23-32. 54),Cu 21. 48( 17. 95-25. 01),Zn 118. 81( 96. 39-141. 23),Pb 41. 80( 38. 41-57. 35),Sr 97. 78( 93. 22-102. 34),Mo 1. 39( 0. 59-2. 19),Sb 0. 58( 0. 53-0. 63),Ba 407. 00( 378. 15-427. 00),Tl 0. 93( 00. 72-1. 05),Bi 0. 71( 0. 51-0. 82),Fe 32 610. 27( 19 903. 73-53 428. 67),Mn 393. 20( 306. 67-793. 63),Cd 0. 066( 0. 056-0. 076) mg/kg. Compared with background values in coastal soils of Fujian,surface soils of Xiamen,continental crust of China,shallow sea sediments of China and drainage sediments of China,the content of Sr is slightly lower while the contents of Pb and Zn are slightly higher,indicating that above background value data are regional and credible. The main factors of affecting background values of heavy metals in sediments of the Western Bay coastal area of Xiamen are terrestrial material,sediment grain size and geochemical characteristics.
The environmental background values of heavy metals are the premise and basis for evaluating environmental pollution of heavy metals and setting environmental quality standards. In order to determine the background values of heavy metals in sediment of the Western Bay coastal area of Xiamen,sediment cores were sampled and contents of heavy metals in sediments from different depths were determined. The segments in sediment cores received no influence from human activities were screened and the background values of heavy metals of the study area were determined on the basis of vertical distributions of heavy metals in sediment cores. The results showed that background values( ranges) of heavy metals are respectively Sc 13. 85( 11. 52-16. 69),V 101. 03( 94. 61-107. 45),Cr63. 50( 55. 00-69. 20),Co 14. 62( 13. 70-15. 54),Ni 29. 92( 27. 23-32. 54),Cu 21. 48( 17. 95-25. 01),Zn 118. 81( 96. 39-141. 23),Pb 41. 80( 38. 41-57. 35),Sr 97. 78( 93. 22-102. 34),Mo 1. 39( 0. 59-2. 19),Sb 0. 58( 0. 53-0. 63),Ba 407. 00( 378. 15-427. 00),Tl 0. 93( 00. 72-1. 05),Bi 0. 71( 0. 51-0. 82),Fe 32 610. 27( 19 903. 73-53 428. 67),Mn 393. 20( 306. 67-793. 63),Cd 0. 066( 0. 056-0. 076) mg/kg. Compared with background values in coastal soils of Fujian,surface soils of Xiamen,continental crust of China,shallow sea sediments of China and drainage sediments of China,the content of Sr is slightly lower while the contents of Pb and Zn are slightly higher,indicating that above background value data are regional and credible. The main factors of affecting background values of heavy metals in sediments of the Western Bay coastal area of Xiamen are terrestrial material,sediment grain size and geochemical characteristics.
引文
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[13]何海星.厦门西港近岸海域沉积物重金属污染及铅锶同位素示踪研究[D].厦门:华侨大学,2014.
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[17]乔永民,黄长江,杨扬.粤东柘林湾沉积物重金属背景值初步研究[J].热带海洋学报,2009,28(2):81-85.
[18]李红军,刘月,程岩.鸭绿江口与邻近海岸沉积物的重金属背景值[J].环境化学,2017,36(5):1047-1055.
[19]Chen M,Ma L Q,Harris W G.Baseline concentrations of 15 trace elements in Florida surface soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1999,28(4):1173-1181.
[20]Reimann C,Filzmoser P.Normal and lognormal data distribution in geochemistry:death of a myth.Consequences for the statistical treatment of geochemical and environmental data[J].Environmental Geology,2000,39(9):1001-1014.
[21]Hanson P J,Evans D W,Colby D R,et al.Assessment of elemental contamination in estuarine and coastal environments based on geochemical and statistical modeling of sediments[J].Marine Environmental Research,1993,36(4):237-266.
[22]刘用清.福建省海岸带土壤环境背景值研究及其应用[J].海洋环境科学,1995,14(2):68-73.
[23]国家环境保护局主持,中国环境监测总站主编.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:330-493.
[24]黎彤.中国陆壳及其沉积层和上陆壳的化学元素丰度[J].地球化学,1994,23(2):140-145.
[25]迟清华.应用地球化学元素丰度数据手册[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.
[26]方建勇.厦门湾海底沉积物分布特征及其物源和沉积环境意义[D].厦门:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,2008.
[27]刘琼玉,洪华生,洪丽玉.厦门西海域表层沉积物重金属的分布特征及来源探讨[J].海洋通报,1995,14(6):46-52.
[28]洪丽玉,陈伟琪,洪华生,等.厦门-金门海域表层沉积物中重金属铜铅锌镉的含量分布[J].台湾海峡,2000,19(4):441-445.
[29]徐茂泉,李超,裴红娜,等.厦门海沧周边海域表层沉积物中重金属的地球化学特征[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2001,40(3):758-763.
[30]高文华,杜永芬,王丹丹,等.福建罗源湾潮间带沉积物重金属含量空间分布及其环境质量影响[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):3097-3103.
[31]于瑞莲,胡恭任,郑志敏.泉州湾洛阳江河口潮间带沉积物中重金属来源分析[J].矿物学报,2013,33(1):10-18.
[32]李云海,陈坚,黄财宾,等.泉州湾沉积物重金属分布特征及环境质量评价[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):931-938.
[33]廖文卓,庄国顺,陈松.东山湾表层沉积物Cd,Pb,Cu含量的分布[J].台湾海峡,1987,6(1):20-26.
[2]方志青,陈秋禹,尹德良,等.三峡库区支流河口沉积物重金属分布特征及风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2607-2614.
[3]Zhang Z,Lu Y,Li H,et al.Assessment of heavy metal contamination,distribution and source identification in the sediments from the Zijiang River,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,645:235-243.
[4]李雅娟,杨世伦,侯立军,等.崇明东滩表层沉积物重金属空间分布特征及其污染评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(7):2368-2375.
[5]马德毅,王菊英.中国主要河口沉积物污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2003,23(5):521-525.
[6]项凌云,陈长春,刘材材,等.上海黄浦江沉积物中的重金属污染趋势[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(1):64-67.
[7]沈佳裕,罗先香,郑浩,等.小清河口及邻近海域表层沉积物重金属污染及生态风险特征[J].环境化学,2017,36(7):1516-1524.
[8]张龙辉,杜永芬,王丹丹,等.江苏如东互花米草盐沼湿地重金属分布及其污染评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(6):2401-2410.
[9]Xu F,Liu Z,Cao Y,et al.Assessment of heavy metal contamination in urban river sediments in the Jiaozhou Bay catchment,Qingdao,China[J].Catena,2017,150:9-16.
[10]Xu F,Liu Z,Yuan S,et al.Environmental background values of trace elements in sediments from the Jiaozhou Bay catchment,Qingdao,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,121(1):367-371.
[11]李桂海,蓝东兆,曹志敏,等.厦门海域沉积物中的重金属及其潜在生态风险[J].海洋通报,2007,26(1):67-72.
[12]林承奇,胡恭任,于瑞莲.九龙江和厦门西港近岸表层沉积物中汞的赋存形态及生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2016,35(4):749-756.
[13]何海星.厦门西港近岸海域沉积物重金属污染及铅锶同位素示踪研究[D].厦门:华侨大学,2014.
[14]de Paula Filho F J,Marins R V,de Lacerda L D,et al.Background values for evaluation of heavy metal contamination in sediments in the Parnaiba River Delta estuary,NE/Brazil[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,91(2):424-428.
[15]甘华阳,梁开,郑志昌.珠江口沉积物的重金属背景值及污染评价分区[J].地球与环境,2010 38(3):344-350.
[16]Antonio CobeloGarcía,Prego R.Heavy metal sedimentary record in a Galician Ria(NW Spain):Background values and recent contamination[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2003,46(10):1253-1262.
[17]乔永民,黄长江,杨扬.粤东柘林湾沉积物重金属背景值初步研究[J].热带海洋学报,2009,28(2):81-85.
[18]李红军,刘月,程岩.鸭绿江口与邻近海岸沉积物的重金属背景值[J].环境化学,2017,36(5):1047-1055.
[19]Chen M,Ma L Q,Harris W G.Baseline concentrations of 15 trace elements in Florida surface soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1999,28(4):1173-1181.
[20]Reimann C,Filzmoser P.Normal and lognormal data distribution in geochemistry:death of a myth.Consequences for the statistical treatment of geochemical and environmental data[J].Environmental Geology,2000,39(9):1001-1014.
[21]Hanson P J,Evans D W,Colby D R,et al.Assessment of elemental contamination in estuarine and coastal environments based on geochemical and statistical modeling of sediments[J].Marine Environmental Research,1993,36(4):237-266.
[22]刘用清.福建省海岸带土壤环境背景值研究及其应用[J].海洋环境科学,1995,14(2):68-73.
[23]国家环境保护局主持,中国环境监测总站主编.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:330-493.
[24]黎彤.中国陆壳及其沉积层和上陆壳的化学元素丰度[J].地球化学,1994,23(2):140-145.
[25]迟清华.应用地球化学元素丰度数据手册[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.
[26]方建勇.厦门湾海底沉积物分布特征及其物源和沉积环境意义[D].厦门:国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,2008.
[27]刘琼玉,洪华生,洪丽玉.厦门西海域表层沉积物重金属的分布特征及来源探讨[J].海洋通报,1995,14(6):46-52.
[28]洪丽玉,陈伟琪,洪华生,等.厦门-金门海域表层沉积物中重金属铜铅锌镉的含量分布[J].台湾海峡,2000,19(4):441-445.
[29]徐茂泉,李超,裴红娜,等.厦门海沧周边海域表层沉积物中重金属的地球化学特征[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2001,40(3):758-763.
[30]高文华,杜永芬,王丹丹,等.福建罗源湾潮间带沉积物重金属含量空间分布及其环境质量影响[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):3097-3103.
[31]于瑞莲,胡恭任,郑志敏.泉州湾洛阳江河口潮间带沉积物中重金属来源分析[J].矿物学报,2013,33(1):10-18.
[32]李云海,陈坚,黄财宾,等.泉州湾沉积物重金属分布特征及环境质量评价[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):931-938.
[33]廖文卓,庄国顺,陈松.东山湾表层沉积物Cd,Pb,Cu含量的分布[J].台湾海峡,1987,6(1):20-26.
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