华南下扬子区泥页岩热物性测试与分析
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摘要
岩石热物性是研究盆地地热状态和构造—热演化过程的重要参数,也是盆地油气资源评价的重要研究内容之一。华南下扬子区是我国页岩气勘探开发的优选区块之一,页岩层系的热物性对于该区页岩气资源开发具有重要意义,但目前相关实测数据偏少,制约了对该区地温场及资源评价的认识。在18件泥页岩样品的热导率、生热率和密度等热物性参数测试的基础上,对下扬子区泥页岩的热物性进行了统计分析,并估算了整个扬子区的现今深部地层温度。研究表明,下扬子区泥页岩热导率大多数在1.500~3.000W/(m·K)之间,实测平均值为2.174±0.682W/(m·K);生热率大多数在1.00~2.50μW/m3之间,大部分集中于2.00~2.50μW/m3之间,实测平均值为2.04±0.86μW/m3。相比其他沉积岩类,页岩具有高生热率、低热导率的特殊热物性。样品间的热物性有相当大的变化,因此不能简单地以岩石的热物性作为区分岩石类型的指标。此外,扬子区的现今地温从东部的江浙皖(下扬子区)向西至上扬子区,表现为逐渐降低,但川东南地区和西南的楚雄盆地为高温区。下扬子区泥页岩的特殊热物性具有重要的地热涵义,这使得泥页岩类似保温盖层,其热屏蔽效应会导致页岩层及其下的地层温度升高,而页岩层之上的地层温度降低。这一特殊岩石热物性引起的温度异常势必改变深部地层的温度场分布,进而影响到烃源岩有机质热演化过程。研究区页岩气资源评价中必须考虑页岩的这一特殊的热物理性质。
Thermal properties of rocks are the important parameters for studying the present-day geothermal regime and tectono-thermal evolution of the sedimentary basins,which would also provide fundamental data for the assessment and exploration of oil and gas resources in this basin.The Lower Yangtze area of the South China is considered as one of the preferred areas for shale gas exploration and development in China.The thermal properties of shales are of great significance for the exploration of shale gas resources in this area.However,the measured properties data of shales in this area are still rare,limiting our understanding of the geothermal field and resource assessment.In this study,thermal properties of 18 mudstone and shale samples from the Lower Yangtze area are measured,including the thermal conductivity,density and radiogenic heat production as well.Our results show that the values of thermal conductivity of shales generally range from 1.500W/(m·K)to 3.000W/(m·K)with a mean of 2.174±0.682W/(m·K);while the values of radiogenic heat production basically vary from 1.00μW/m3 to 2.50μW/m3 with a mean of 2.04±0.86μW/m3.Compared with other sedimentary rocks,the shale has unique thermal properties,and is characterized by a lower thermal conductivity and a higher radiogenic heat production.The thermal properties of the samples with same or similar lithology are somewhat different,indicative of their unavailability for distinguishing lithological types alone.Additionally,the estimated present-day subsurface formation temperature distribution pattern of the whole Yangtze area shows that the temperature gradually decreases from the Jiang-Zhe-Wan area(the Lower Yangtze area in the east)to the Upper Yangtze area in the west,but the temperatures in the southeastern Sichuan and the Chuxiong basins are relatively higher,which is the combination of local tectonics and variation in thermal properties.Generally,the shale bed is just like a heat insulation layer,owing to its low thermal conductivity,and this thermal blanket effect can result in anomalous high temperature in the underlying formation but anomalous low temperature in the formation above.Anomalous temperature caused by such unique thermal properties of shale rocks would change the distribution of temperature field in the deep formation,thereby affecting the source rock thermal maturation evolution.These unique thermal properties of shales and associated thermal effects must be taken into account in the assessment of shale gas resources in China.
Thermal properties of rocks are the important parameters for studying the present-day geothermal regime and tectono-thermal evolution of the sedimentary basins,which would also provide fundamental data for the assessment and exploration of oil and gas resources in this basin.The Lower Yangtze area of the South China is considered as one of the preferred areas for shale gas exploration and development in China.The thermal properties of shales are of great significance for the exploration of shale gas resources in this area.However,the measured properties data of shales in this area are still rare,limiting our understanding of the geothermal field and resource assessment.In this study,thermal properties of 18 mudstone and shale samples from the Lower Yangtze area are measured,including the thermal conductivity,density and radiogenic heat production as well.Our results show that the values of thermal conductivity of shales generally range from 1.500W/(m·K)to 3.000W/(m·K)with a mean of 2.174±0.682W/(m·K);while the values of radiogenic heat production basically vary from 1.00μW/m3 to 2.50μW/m3 with a mean of 2.04±0.86μW/m3.Compared with other sedimentary rocks,the shale has unique thermal properties,and is characterized by a lower thermal conductivity and a higher radiogenic heat production.The thermal properties of the samples with same or similar lithology are somewhat different,indicative of their unavailability for distinguishing lithological types alone.Additionally,the estimated present-day subsurface formation temperature distribution pattern of the whole Yangtze area shows that the temperature gradually decreases from the Jiang-Zhe-Wan area(the Lower Yangtze area in the east)to the Upper Yangtze area in the west,but the temperatures in the southeastern Sichuan and the Chuxiong basins are relatively higher,which is the combination of local tectonics and variation in thermal properties.Generally,the shale bed is just like a heat insulation layer,owing to its low thermal conductivity,and this thermal blanket effect can result in anomalous high temperature in the underlying formation but anomalous low temperature in the formation above.Anomalous temperature caused by such unique thermal properties of shale rocks would change the distribution of temperature field in the deep formation,thereby affecting the source rock thermal maturation evolution.These unique thermal properties of shales and associated thermal effects must be taken into account in the assessment of shale gas resources in China.
引文
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1宋晓华,黄伟.江苏页岩气可采资源量约1.55×1012 m3.http://www.mlr.gov.cn/xwdt/dzkc/201305/t20130515_1214430.htm.
[2]Cercone K R,Deming D,Pollack H N.Insulating effect of coals and black shales in the Appalachian Basin,Western Pennsylvania[J].Organic Geochemistry,1996,24(2):243-249.
[3]Qiu Nansheng.Characters of thermal conductivity and radiogenic heat production rate in basins of northwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2002,37(2):196-206.[邱楠生.中国西北部盆地岩石热导率和生热率特征[J].地质科学,2002,37(2):196-206.]
[4]Norden B,Forster A.Thermal conductivity and radiogenic heat production of sedimentary and magmatic rocks in the Northeast German Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(6):939-962.
[5]VilàM,Fernández M,Jiménez-Munt I.Radiogenic heat production variability of some common lithological groups and its significance to lithospheric thermal modeling[J].Tectonophysics,2010,490(3):152-164.
[6]Liu S,Feng C,Wang L,et al.Measurement and analysis of thermal conductivity of rocks in the Tarim Basin,northwest China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica:English Edition,2011,85(3):598-609.
[7]Wang Liangshu,Li Cheng,Shi Yangshen,et al.Distribution of geotemperature and terrestrial heat flow density in Lower Yangtze area[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1995,38(4):469-476.[王良书,李成,施央申,等.下扬子区地温场和大地热流密度分布[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(4):469-476.]
[8]Pan Jiping,Qiao Dewu,Li Shizhen,et al.Shale gas geological conditions and exploration prospect of the Paleozoic marine strata in lower Yangtze area,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2011,30(2/3):337-343.[潘继平,乔德武,李世臻,等.下扬子地区古生界页岩气地质条件与勘探前景[J].地质通报,2011,30(2/3):337-343.]
[9]Zhu Yanming,Chen Shangbin,Fang Junhua,et al.The geologic background of the Siluric shale-gas reservoiring in Szechwan,China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(7):1160-1164.[朱炎铭,陈尚斌,方俊华,等.四川地区志留系页岩气成藏的地质背景[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(7):1160-1164.]
[10]Yang Zhenheng,Teng Geer,Li Zhiming.An example of shale gas selected marine area model of Lower Cambrian on the Middle and Upper Yangtze[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2011,22(1):8-14.[杨振恒,腾格尔,李志明.页岩气勘探选区模型——以中上扬子下寒武统海相地层页岩气勘探评价为例[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(1):8-14.]
[11]Hu Mingyi,Deng Qingjie,Hu Zhonggui.Shale gas accumulation conditions of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in Upper Yangtze region[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(2):272-279.[胡明毅,邓庆杰,胡忠贵.上扬子地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气成藏条件[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(2):272-279.]
[12]Qiu Xiaosong,Yang Bo,Hu Mingyi.Characteristics of shale reservoirs and gas content of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the Middle Yangtze region[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(6):1274-1283.[邱小松,杨波,胡明毅.中扬子地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气储层及含气性特征[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(6):1274-1283.]
[13]Huang Baojia,Shi Rongfu,Zhao Xingbin,et al.Geological conditions of Paleozoic shale gas formation and its exploration potential in the South Anhui,Lower Yangtze area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(5):877-882.[黄保家,施荣富,赵幸滨,等.下扬子皖南地区古生界页岩气形成条件及勘探潜力评价[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(5):877-882.]
[14]Chen Jie,Pan Shuren,Zhou Guoxing.Permian Longtan Formation-Dalong Formation shale gas exploration prospect analysis in Lower Yangtze area,Jiangsu[J].Coal Geology of China,2013,25(10):22-25.[陈洁,潘树仁,周国兴.江苏下扬子区二叠系龙潭组—大隆组页岩气勘探前景分析[J].中国煤炭地质,2013,25(10):22-25.]
[15]Wang Jun,Huang Shangyao,Huang Geshan,et al.Basic characteristics of the earth′s temperature distribution in southern China[J].Journal of Geology,1986,(3):297-310.[王钧,黄尚瑶,黄歌山,等.中国南部地温分布的基本特征[J].地质学报,1986,(3):297-310.]
[16]Wang Liangshu,Shi Yangshen.Geothermal Study on the Oil and Gas Basin[M].Nanjing:Nanjing University press,1989.[王良书,施央申.油气盆地地热研究[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1989.]
[17]Ma Li,Chen Huanjiang,Gan Kewen,et al.Geotectonics and Petroleum Geology of Marine Sedimentary Rocks in Southren China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2004.[马力,陈焕疆,甘克文,等.中国南方大地构造和海相油气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.]
[18]Yuan Yusong,Ma Yongsheng,Hu Shengbiao,et al.Presentday geothermal characteristics in south China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(4):1118-1126.[袁玉松,马永生,胡圣标,等.中国南方现今地热特征[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1118-1126.]
[19]Chen Guihua,Zhu Yanhe,Xu Qiang.Direction,key factors and solution of marine natural gas exploration in Yangtze area[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2012,17(5):63-70.[陈桂华,祝彦贺,徐强.页岩气成藏的四性特征及对下扬子地区页岩气勘探的启示[J].中国石油勘探,2012,17(5):63-70.]
[20]Wang Huayu,Liu Shaowen,Lei Xiao.Present geothermal regime of the Lower Yangtze area,south China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(5):896-900.[王华玉,刘绍文,雷晓.华南下扬子区现今地温场特征[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(5):896-900.]
[21]Wang Jun.Distributions and formation of the geothermal field along the coast,southeastern China[J].Seismology and Geology,1985,7(1):49-57.[王钧.东南沿海地区地温场的形成及其分布规律[J].地震地质,1985,7(1):49-57.]
[22]Popov Y A,Pimenov V P,Pevzner L A,et al.Geothermal characteristics of the Vorotilovo deep borehole drilled into the Puchezh-Katunk impact structure[J].Tectonophysics,1998,291(1):205-223.
[23]Popov Y A,Pevzner S L,Pimenov V P,et al.New geothermal data from the Kola superdeep well SG-3[J].Tectonophysics,1999,306(3):345-366.
[24]He L,Hu S,Huang S,et al.Heat flow study at the Chinese continental scientific drilling site:Borehole temperature,thermal conductivity,and radiogenic heat production[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2008,113(B2).
[25]Rybach L.Radioactive heat production in rocks and its relation to other petrophysical parameters[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1976,114(2):309-317.
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1宋晓华,黄伟.江苏页岩气可采资源量约1.55×1012 m3.http://www.mlr.gov.cn/xwdt/dzkc/201305/t20130515_1214430.htm.
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