对岩土热响应试验的回顾与展望
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摘要
地埋管换热器的设计直接决定地源热泵系统的合理性及其经济效益,对地埋管换热器进行合理设计的基础是获得准确的岩土体热物性参数,常用的方法是进行现场热响应试验。介绍了热响应试验的发展及热响应试验仪的工作原理;综述了在进行热响应试验时涉及到的几个重要参数:岩土体初始平均温度、加热功率、循环工质流速和热响应时长;总结了热响应试验的换热模型:线热源模型、柱热源模型和数值模型。在此基础上提出了相关的研究建议。
The design of ground heat exchanger directly determines the rationality and economic benefits of the ground-source heat pump system. The reasonable design of ground heat exchanger is based on accurate thermophysical properties of rock and soil. The commonly used method for obtaining thermophysical properties of rock and soil is to conduct in-situ thermal response test. Presents the development of thermal response test and the working principle of testing instrument. Reviews several important parameters involved in the thermal response test, including initial average temperature of rock and soil, heating power, circulating working medium velocity and thermal response duration. Summarizes heat transfer models of the thermal response test, including linear heat source model, column heat source model and numerical model. On this basis, puts forward some relevant research suggestions.
The design of ground heat exchanger directly determines the rationality and economic benefits of the ground-source heat pump system. The reasonable design of ground heat exchanger is based on accurate thermophysical properties of rock and soil. The commonly used method for obtaining thermophysical properties of rock and soil is to conduct in-situ thermal response test. Presents the development of thermal response test and the working principle of testing instrument. Reviews several important parameters involved in the thermal response test, including initial average temperature of rock and soil, heating power, circulating working medium velocity and thermal response duration. Summarizes heat transfer models of the thermal response test, including linear heat source model, column heat source model and numerical model. On this basis, puts forward some relevant research suggestions.
引文
[1] 段新胜,关鹏.地源热泵岩土体导热系数确定方法的实例分析[J].暖通空调,2014,44(9):81- 84
[2] 中国建筑科学研究院.地源热泵系统工程技术规范:GB 50366—2009[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009:7
[3] MOGENSEN P.Fluid to duct wall heat transfer in duct system heat storages[C]//Proceedings-International Conference on Subsurface Heat Storage in Theory and Pratice,1983:652- 657
[4] SPITLER J D,GEHLIN S E A.Thermal response testing for ground source heat pump systems—an historical review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,50:1125- 1137
[5] 李晓东,于明志,李雨桐.基于地源热泵的便携式岩土热物性测试仪的研制与应用[J].电子应用技术,2004(5):28- 29
[6] 彭清元,常桂钦,崔文智,等.基于线热源理论的岩土热响应测试研究现状[J].节能,2010,29(8):15- 19
[7] 关鹏,段新胜.地源热泵岩土体初始温度确定方法的实例分析[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(34):10250- 10253
[8] 曹袁,瞿成松.岩土热响应试验中的温度研究[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(增刊):238- 241
[9] 段新胜,关鹏,邓国庆.水平地埋管土壤初始温度确定方法的实例分析[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(27):8214- 8216
[10] 贾宇,李百战.规范中岩土初始平均温度测试方法的讨论[C]//全国暖通空调制冷2010年学术年会论文集,2010:239
[11] 周阳,张卉,桂忠强,等.岩土综合导热系数影响因素研究[J].中国地质调查,2018,5(1):89- 94
[12] CAI Y L,XU H,CHEN S.Testing and analysis of the influence factors for the ground thermal parameters[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,107:662- 671
[13] 李少华,秦祥熙,牛定辉,等.现场热响应试验测定导热系数的影响因素分析[J].暖通空调,2015,45(12):49- 52
[14] 毕文明,李翔,郭春艳.岩土热物性测试相关问题探讨[C]//地温资源与地源热泵技术应用论文集,2011:189- 193
[15] IGSHPA.Closed-loop/geothermal heat pump systems design and installation standards[M].Oklahoma:Oklahoma State University,2007:1B.3.1.3.3
[16] 宋英峰,吴学红,龚毅.流速对垂直双U型地埋管换热器热交换的影响[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2013,28(1):57- 61
[17] 齐子姝.地埋管换热器内循环工质流速影响分析[J].吉林建筑大学学报,2016,33(2):52- 54
[18] 张阳.不同工况流速对地埋管换热影响的试验研究[J].煤气与热力,2016,36(7):A04- A09
[19] 王沣浩,颜亮,冯琛琛,等.地源热泵岩土导热系数测试影响因素分析[J].制冷学报,2012,33(4):16- 22
[20] 黄珂,卢根,张丽英,等.岩土热响应试验最短持续时间的确定[J].煤气与热力,2012,32(12):A01- A04
[21] SIGNHILD E A,GORON H.Comparison of four models for thermal response test evaluation[G]//ASHRAE Trans,2003,109(1):131- 142
[22] BUJOK P,GRYCZ D,KLEMPA M,et al.Assessment of the influence of shortening the duration of TRT(thermal response test)on the precision of measured values[J].Energy,2014,64:120- 129
[23] BEIER R A,SMITH M D.Minimum duration of in-situ tests on vertical boreholes[G]//ASHRAE Trans,2003,109(2):475- 486
[24] ASHRAE.2007 ASHRAE handbook—HVAC applications[M].Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc,2007:92- 96
[25] 王海标.断电对岩土热响应测试影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011:22- 26
[26] 高宽,崔文智,周世玉.地温未恢复时热响应试验的线热源叠加法[J].暖通空调,2016,46(4):111- 114
[27] 顾湘,段新胜,李少华.地埋管热响应试验孔地温恢复特性研究[J].太阳能学报,2014,35(9):1688- 1692
[28] BEIER R A,SMITH M D.Analyzing interrupted in-situ tests on vertical boreholes[G]//ASHRAE Trans,2005,111(2):707- 718
[29] BEIER R A.Equivalent time for interrupted tests on borehole heat exchangers[J].HAVC&R Research,2008,14(3):489- 505
[30] 段新胜,顾湘,李鹏,等.加热过程间断的热响应试验数据处理方法研究[J].太阳能学报,2018,39(10):2685- 2690
[31] HU P F,MENG Q F,SUN Q M,et al.A method and case study of thermal response test with unstable heat rate[J].Energy and Buildings,2012,48:199- 205
[32] INGERSOLL L R,PLASS H J.Theory of the ground pipe source for the heat pump[G]//ASHRAE Trans,1948,54:339- 348
[33] KELVIN W T.Mathematical and physical papers[M].London:Cambridge University Press,1882:76- 80
[34] GELIN S.Thermal response test—method development and evaluation[D].Lulea:Lulea Institute of Technology,2002:66- 72
[35] ZENG H Y,DIAO N R,FANG Z H.A finite line-source model for boreholes in geothermal heat exchanger[J].Heat Transfer Asian Research,2002,31(7):558- 567
[36] 陆志,连之伟.地源热泵有限长线热源模型简化负荷计算方法的修正[J].制冷空调与电力机械,2008,29(4):1- 5
[37] 乐云峰.地源热泵线源理论的两种改进模型介绍与分析[J].应用能源技术,2008,1(1):25- 27
[38] 乐云峰,陈汝东.地源热泵变热流线源模型介绍与仿真计算[J].制冷空调与电力机械,2009,30(1):5- 7
[39] 徐坚,俞亚南.动态负荷下地源热泵系统的优化设计[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2010,44(6):1197- 1200
[40] 段新胜,顾湘,林浩欣,等.热响应试验后的热恢复试验理论与应用研究[J].太阳能学报,2017,38(8):2317- 2322
[41] CARSLAW H S,JAEGER J C.Conduction of heat in solids[M].2nd ed.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1959:510
[42] KAVANAUGH S P.Simulation and experimental verification of vertical ground-coupled heat pump systems[D].Oklahoma:Oklahoma State University,1985:38- 44
[43] 于晓菲,于明志,张磊,等.基于实心圆柱面热源模型的岩土热物性测试方法[J].化工学报,2012,63(增刊1):84- 87
[44] 刘俊红,张克文,方肇洪.桩埋螺旋管式地热换热器的传热模型[J].山东建筑大学学报,2010,25(2):95- 100
[45] 战国会,俞亚南.地源热泵有限长圆柱面和圆柱体热源模型[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2011,45(6):1104- 1107
[46] 范蕊,马最良.地埋管换热器传热模型的回顾与改进[J].暖通空调,2006,36(4):25- 29
[47] 刘靓侃,李祥立,端木琳.地埋管换热器的传热模型的进展与分析[J].建筑热能通风空调,2016,35(1):35- 39
[48] ZHANG C X,GUO Z J,LIU Y F,et al.A review on thermal response test of ground-coupled heat pump systems[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,40:851- 867
[49] OZUDOGRU T Y,GHASEMI-FARE O,OLGUN C G,et al.Numerical modeling of vertical geothermal heat exchangers using finite difference and finite element techniques[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,2015,33:291- 306
[50] ESKILSON P T.Thermal analysis of heat extraction boreholes[M].Lund:University of Lund,1987:35- 37
[2] 中国建筑科学研究院.地源热泵系统工程技术规范:GB 50366—2009[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009:7
[3] MOGENSEN P.Fluid to duct wall heat transfer in duct system heat storages[C]//Proceedings-International Conference on Subsurface Heat Storage in Theory and Pratice,1983:652- 657
[4] SPITLER J D,GEHLIN S E A.Thermal response testing for ground source heat pump systems—an historical review[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,50:1125- 1137
[5] 李晓东,于明志,李雨桐.基于地源热泵的便携式岩土热物性测试仪的研制与应用[J].电子应用技术,2004(5):28- 29
[6] 彭清元,常桂钦,崔文智,等.基于线热源理论的岩土热响应测试研究现状[J].节能,2010,29(8):15- 19
[7] 关鹏,段新胜.地源热泵岩土体初始温度确定方法的实例分析[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(34):10250- 10253
[8] 曹袁,瞿成松.岩土热响应试验中的温度研究[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(增刊):238- 241
[9] 段新胜,关鹏,邓国庆.水平地埋管土壤初始温度确定方法的实例分析[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(27):8214- 8216
[10] 贾宇,李百战.规范中岩土初始平均温度测试方法的讨论[C]//全国暖通空调制冷2010年学术年会论文集,2010:239
[11] 周阳,张卉,桂忠强,等.岩土综合导热系数影响因素研究[J].中国地质调查,2018,5(1):89- 94
[12] CAI Y L,XU H,CHEN S.Testing and analysis of the influence factors for the ground thermal parameters[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,107:662- 671
[13] 李少华,秦祥熙,牛定辉,等.现场热响应试验测定导热系数的影响因素分析[J].暖通空调,2015,45(12):49- 52
[14] 毕文明,李翔,郭春艳.岩土热物性测试相关问题探讨[C]//地温资源与地源热泵技术应用论文集,2011:189- 193
[15] IGSHPA.Closed-loop/geothermal heat pump systems design and installation standards[M].Oklahoma:Oklahoma State University,2007:1B.3.1.3.3
[16] 宋英峰,吴学红,龚毅.流速对垂直双U型地埋管换热器热交换的影响[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2013,28(1):57- 61
[17] 齐子姝.地埋管换热器内循环工质流速影响分析[J].吉林建筑大学学报,2016,33(2):52- 54
[18] 张阳.不同工况流速对地埋管换热影响的试验研究[J].煤气与热力,2016,36(7):A04- A09
[19] 王沣浩,颜亮,冯琛琛,等.地源热泵岩土导热系数测试影响因素分析[J].制冷学报,2012,33(4):16- 22
[20] 黄珂,卢根,张丽英,等.岩土热响应试验最短持续时间的确定[J].煤气与热力,2012,32(12):A01- A04
[21] SIGNHILD E A,GORON H.Comparison of four models for thermal response test evaluation[G]//ASHRAE Trans,2003,109(1):131- 142
[22] BUJOK P,GRYCZ D,KLEMPA M,et al.Assessment of the influence of shortening the duration of TRT(thermal response test)on the precision of measured values[J].Energy,2014,64:120- 129
[23] BEIER R A,SMITH M D.Minimum duration of in-situ tests on vertical boreholes[G]//ASHRAE Trans,2003,109(2):475- 486
[24] ASHRAE.2007 ASHRAE handbook—HVAC applications[M].Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc,2007:92- 96
[25] 王海标.断电对岩土热响应测试影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011:22- 26
[26] 高宽,崔文智,周世玉.地温未恢复时热响应试验的线热源叠加法[J].暖通空调,2016,46(4):111- 114
[27] 顾湘,段新胜,李少华.地埋管热响应试验孔地温恢复特性研究[J].太阳能学报,2014,35(9):1688- 1692
[28] BEIER R A,SMITH M D.Analyzing interrupted in-situ tests on vertical boreholes[G]//ASHRAE Trans,2005,111(2):707- 718
[29] BEIER R A.Equivalent time for interrupted tests on borehole heat exchangers[J].HAVC&R Research,2008,14(3):489- 505
[30] 段新胜,顾湘,李鹏,等.加热过程间断的热响应试验数据处理方法研究[J].太阳能学报,2018,39(10):2685- 2690
[31] HU P F,MENG Q F,SUN Q M,et al.A method and case study of thermal response test with unstable heat rate[J].Energy and Buildings,2012,48:199- 205
[32] INGERSOLL L R,PLASS H J.Theory of the ground pipe source for the heat pump[G]//ASHRAE Trans,1948,54:339- 348
[33] KELVIN W T.Mathematical and physical papers[M].London:Cambridge University Press,1882:76- 80
[34] GELIN S.Thermal response test—method development and evaluation[D].Lulea:Lulea Institute of Technology,2002:66- 72
[35] ZENG H Y,DIAO N R,FANG Z H.A finite line-source model for boreholes in geothermal heat exchanger[J].Heat Transfer Asian Research,2002,31(7):558- 567
[36] 陆志,连之伟.地源热泵有限长线热源模型简化负荷计算方法的修正[J].制冷空调与电力机械,2008,29(4):1- 5
[37] 乐云峰.地源热泵线源理论的两种改进模型介绍与分析[J].应用能源技术,2008,1(1):25- 27
[38] 乐云峰,陈汝东.地源热泵变热流线源模型介绍与仿真计算[J].制冷空调与电力机械,2009,30(1):5- 7
[39] 徐坚,俞亚南.动态负荷下地源热泵系统的优化设计[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2010,44(6):1197- 1200
[40] 段新胜,顾湘,林浩欣,等.热响应试验后的热恢复试验理论与应用研究[J].太阳能学报,2017,38(8):2317- 2322
[41] CARSLAW H S,JAEGER J C.Conduction of heat in solids[M].2nd ed.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1959:510
[42] KAVANAUGH S P.Simulation and experimental verification of vertical ground-coupled heat pump systems[D].Oklahoma:Oklahoma State University,1985:38- 44
[43] 于晓菲,于明志,张磊,等.基于实心圆柱面热源模型的岩土热物性测试方法[J].化工学报,2012,63(增刊1):84- 87
[44] 刘俊红,张克文,方肇洪.桩埋螺旋管式地热换热器的传热模型[J].山东建筑大学学报,2010,25(2):95- 100
[45] 战国会,俞亚南.地源热泵有限长圆柱面和圆柱体热源模型[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2011,45(6):1104- 1107
[46] 范蕊,马最良.地埋管换热器传热模型的回顾与改进[J].暖通空调,2006,36(4):25- 29
[47] 刘靓侃,李祥立,端木琳.地埋管换热器的传热模型的进展与分析[J].建筑热能通风空调,2016,35(1):35- 39
[48] ZHANG C X,GUO Z J,LIU Y F,et al.A review on thermal response test of ground-coupled heat pump systems[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2014,40:851- 867
[49] OZUDOGRU T Y,GHASEMI-FARE O,OLGUN C G,et al.Numerical modeling of vertical geothermal heat exchangers using finite difference and finite element techniques[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,2015,33:291- 306
[50] ESKILSON P T.Thermal analysis of heat extraction boreholes[M].Lund:University of Lund,1987:35- 37
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