化肥减施与液体有机肥配施对棉花养分吸收、产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】比较膜下滴灌条件下,氮磷减量与不同液体有机肥配施在棉花上肥效及其经济效益差异,选择合适的有机肥种类,提高氮肥利用率和经济效益。【方法】试验设11个处理,(1)常规施肥(NP);(2)80%常规施肥(80%NP);(3)80%常规施肥+低量氨基酸有机肥(80%NP+LAA);(4)80%常规施肥+中量氨基酸有机肥(80%NP+MAA);(5)80%常规施肥+高量氨基酸有机肥(80%NP+HAA);(6)80%常规施肥+低量黄腐酸有机肥(80%NP+LFA);(7)80%常规施肥+中量黄腐酸有机肥(80%NP+MFA);(8)80%常规施肥+高量黄腐酸有机肥(80%NP+HFA);(9)80%常规施肥+低量沼液有机肥(80%NP+LBS);(10)80%常规施肥+中量沼液有机肥(80%NP+MBS);(11)80%常规施肥+高量沼液有机肥(80%NP+HBS)。各重复3次随机区组排列。【结果】80%常规施肥会显著降低棉花生物量和产量。80%常规施肥配施中量氨基酸、黄腐酸和沼液处理棉花生物量和产量最高;有机肥用量相同时,配施不同类型有机肥处理间棉花产量没有显著差异。(4)施用80%NP+MBS处理的棉花经济效益最高,比常规施肥处理高9.4%。【结论】选择80%NP+MBS是提高新疆棉花产量和经济效益的效果最佳。
【Objective】 The project aims to compare the difference of fertilizer efficiency and economic benefit between nitrogen and phosphorus reduction and different liquid organic fertilizer applied on cotton under drip irrigation under mulch film in order to select suitable organic fertilizer species and improve nitrogen utilization efficiency and economic benefit.【Method】Eleven treatments were designed during the bud stage, flowering stage and mature stage, including(1) common urea;(2) 80% common urea;(3)80% common urea + low content amino acid(80% NP+LAA);(4) 80% common urea + medium content amino acid;(5)80% common urea+ high content amino acid;(6) 80% common urea + low content fulvic acid;(7) 80% common urea + medium content fulvic acid;(8) 80% common urea + high content fulvic acid;(9) 80% common urea + low content biogas slurry;(10) 80% common urea + medium content biogas slurry; 80% common urea + high content biogas slurry.【Result】The results showed that:80% common fertilization could significantly reduce the biomass and yield;The biomass and yield of cotton treated with medium amount amino acid, fulvic acid and biogas slurry in 80% conventional fertilization were the highest;When the amounts of organic fertilizer were the same, there was no significant difference in cotton yield between different types of organic fertilizer treatments.The economic benefit of cotton treated with 80% NP+MBS was the highest, which was 9.4% higher than that of conventional fertilization.【Conclusion】The 80% NP+MBS has the best effect to improve the yield and economic benefit of cotton in Xinjiang.
【Objective】 The project aims to compare the difference of fertilizer efficiency and economic benefit between nitrogen and phosphorus reduction and different liquid organic fertilizer applied on cotton under drip irrigation under mulch film in order to select suitable organic fertilizer species and improve nitrogen utilization efficiency and economic benefit.【Method】Eleven treatments were designed during the bud stage, flowering stage and mature stage, including(1) common urea;(2) 80% common urea;(3)80% common urea + low content amino acid(80% NP+LAA);(4) 80% common urea + medium content amino acid;(5)80% common urea+ high content amino acid;(6) 80% common urea + low content fulvic acid;(7) 80% common urea + medium content fulvic acid;(8) 80% common urea + high content fulvic acid;(9) 80% common urea + low content biogas slurry;(10) 80% common urea + medium content biogas slurry; 80% common urea + high content biogas slurry.【Result】The results showed that:80% common fertilization could significantly reduce the biomass and yield;The biomass and yield of cotton treated with medium amount amino acid, fulvic acid and biogas slurry in 80% conventional fertilization were the highest;When the amounts of organic fertilizer were the same, there was no significant difference in cotton yield between different types of organic fertilizer treatments.The economic benefit of cotton treated with 80% NP+MBS was the highest, which was 9.4% higher than that of conventional fertilization.【Conclusion】The 80% NP+MBS has the best effect to improve the yield and economic benefit of cotton in Xinjiang.
引文
[1]荣勤雷,梁国庆,周卫,等.不同有机肥对黄泥田土壤培肥效果及土壤酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1 168-1 177.RONG Qin-lei,LIANG Guo-qing,ZHOU Wei,et al.(2014).Effects of different organic fertilization on fertility and enzyme activities of yellow clayey soil [J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,20(5):1,168-1,177.(in Chinese)
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[5]Guo L,Wu G,Li Y,et al.(2016).Effects of cattle manure compost combined with chemical fertilizer on topsoil organic matter,bulk density and earthworm activity in a wheat-maize rotation system in eastern china.Soil and Tillage Research,156:140-147.
[6]Krschens,M.,Albert,E.,Armbruster,M.,Barkusky,D.,Baumecker,M.,& Behle-Schalk,L.,et al.(2013).Effect of mineral and organic fertilization on crop yield,nitrogen uptake,carbon and nitrogen balances,as well as soil organic carbon content and dynamics:results from 20 european long-term field experiments of the twenty-first century.Archives of Agronomy & Soil Science,59(8):1,017-1,040.
[7] Yang,Z.C.,Zhao,N.,Huang,F.,& Lv,Y.Z.(2015).Long-term effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizer treatments on soil organic carbon sequestration and crop yields on the north China plain.Soil and Tillage Research,146:47-52.
[8] Zhang,W.F.,Dou,Z.X.,He,P.,Ju,X.T.,Powlson,D.,& Chadwick,D.,et al.(2013).New technologies reduce greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogenous fertilizer in china.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,110(21):8,375-8,380.
[9] Ai,C.,Liang,G.,Sun,J.,Wang,X.,& Zhou,W.(2012).Responses of extracellular enzyme activities and microbial community in both the rhizosphere and bulk soil to long-term fertilization practices in a fluvo-aquic soil.Geoderma,173-174,330-338.
[10] Seufert,V.,Ramankutty,N.,& Foley,J.A.(2012).Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture.Nature,485(7397):229-232.
[11] Trewavas,A.(2001).Urban myths of organic farming.Nature,410(6827):409-410.
[12]林治安,赵秉强,袁亮,等.长期定位施肥对土壤养分与作物产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(8):2 809-2 819.LIN Zhi-an,ZHAO Bing-qiang,YUAN Liang,et al.(2009).Effects of organic manure andfertilizers long-term located application on soil fertility and crop yield [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(8):2,809-2,819.(in Chinese)
[13] Yang,J.,Wei,G.,& Ren,S.(2015).Long-term effects of combined application of chemical nitrogen with organic materials on crop yields,soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil.Soil & Tillage Research,151:67-74.
[14]周江明.有机-无机肥配施对水稻产量、平直及氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(1):234-240.ZHOU jiang-ming.(2012).Effect of combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers on yield[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,18(1):234-240.(in Chinese)
[15]商跃凤.有机无机复混肥对水稻氮素利用率的影响[J].西南农业大学学报,2001,23(3):262-266.SHANG Yue-feng.(2001).Influence of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers on nitrogen recovery in paddy rice [J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,23(3):262-266.(in Chinese)
[16] 章永松,林咸永,罗安程,等.有机肥(物)对土壤中磷的活化作用及机理研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(2):145-150.ZHANG Yong-song,LIN Xian-yong,LUO An-cheng,et al.(1998).Studies on the activation of phosphorus by organic fertilizer in soil and its Mechanisms (i):effect of organic manure on activation to different phosphate in soils [J].Journal of Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,4(2):145-150.(in Chinese)
[17]Yang Z C,Zhao N,Huang F,et al.Long-term effects of differentorganic and inorganic fertilizer treatments on soil organic carbon sequestration and crop yields on the North China Plain [J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,146:47-52.(in Chinese)
[18]赵军,李勇,冉炜,等.有机肥替代部分化肥对稻麦轮作系统产量及土壤微生物区系的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(4):594-602.ZHAO Jun,LI Yong,RAN Wei,et al.(2016).Effects of organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on crop yield and soil microbiome in a rice-wheat cropping system [J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,39(4):594-602.(in Chinese)
[19] 陶磊,褚贵新,刘涛,等.有机肥替代部分化肥对长期连作棉田产量、土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6 137-6 146.TAO Lei,CHU Gui-xin,LIU Tao,et al.(2014).Impacts of organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on cotton yield,soil microbial community and enzyme activities in mono-cropping system in drip irrigation condition [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,34(21):6,137-6,146.(in Chinese)
[20] 李占,丁娜,郭立月,等.有机肥和化肥不同比例配施对冬小麦/夏玉米生长,产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(7):71-77.LI Zhan,DING Na,GUO Li-yue.(2013).Effects of Different Ratios of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on Growth,Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize [J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,45(7):71-77.(in Chinese)
[21]周江明.有机-无机肥配施对水稻产量、品质及氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(1):234-240.ZHOU Jiang-ming.(2012).Effect of combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers on yield,quality and nitrogen uptake of rice [J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,18(1):234-240.(in Chinese)
[2]徐强,王卫超,许咏梅,等.化肥减施-有机肥替代措施提高新疆甜瓜产量和含糖量研究[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(8):1 450-1 459.XU Qiang,WANG Wei-chao,XU Yong-mei,et al.(2017).Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Organic Fertilizer Supplement to Improve the Yield and Sugar Content of Muskmelon in Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,54(8):1,450-1,459.(in Chinese)
[3]王姗娜.长期施肥下我国典型红壤性水稻土肥力演变特征与持续利用[D].北京:中国农业科学院博士论文,2012.WANG Shan-na.(2012).Evolution characteristics of reddish paddy soil fertility under long-term fertilization and its sustainable utilization in southern China [D].PhD Dissertation.Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing.(in Chinese)
[4]罗彤,李俊华,华瑞,等.不同酸性有机肥浸提液对棉花生长及土壤性质的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2017(10):1 839-1 846.LUO Tong,LI Jun-hua,HUA Rui,et al.(2017).Effects of Different Acidic Extracts of Organic Fertilizers on Cotton Growth and Soil Properties [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,(10):1,839-1,846.(in Chinese)
[5]Guo L,Wu G,Li Y,et al.(2016).Effects of cattle manure compost combined with chemical fertilizer on topsoil organic matter,bulk density and earthworm activity in a wheat-maize rotation system in eastern china.Soil and Tillage Research,156:140-147.
[6]Krschens,M.,Albert,E.,Armbruster,M.,Barkusky,D.,Baumecker,M.,& Behle-Schalk,L.,et al.(2013).Effect of mineral and organic fertilization on crop yield,nitrogen uptake,carbon and nitrogen balances,as well as soil organic carbon content and dynamics:results from 20 european long-term field experiments of the twenty-first century.Archives of Agronomy & Soil Science,59(8):1,017-1,040.
[7] Yang,Z.C.,Zhao,N.,Huang,F.,& Lv,Y.Z.(2015).Long-term effects of different organic and inorganic fertilizer treatments on soil organic carbon sequestration and crop yields on the north China plain.Soil and Tillage Research,146:47-52.
[8] Zhang,W.F.,Dou,Z.X.,He,P.,Ju,X.T.,Powlson,D.,& Chadwick,D.,et al.(2013).New technologies reduce greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogenous fertilizer in china.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,110(21):8,375-8,380.
[9] Ai,C.,Liang,G.,Sun,J.,Wang,X.,& Zhou,W.(2012).Responses of extracellular enzyme activities and microbial community in both the rhizosphere and bulk soil to long-term fertilization practices in a fluvo-aquic soil.Geoderma,173-174,330-338.
[10] Seufert,V.,Ramankutty,N.,& Foley,J.A.(2012).Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture.Nature,485(7397):229-232.
[11] Trewavas,A.(2001).Urban myths of organic farming.Nature,410(6827):409-410.
[12]林治安,赵秉强,袁亮,等.长期定位施肥对土壤养分与作物产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(8):2 809-2 819.LIN Zhi-an,ZHAO Bing-qiang,YUAN Liang,et al.(2009).Effects of organic manure andfertilizers long-term located application on soil fertility and crop yield [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(8):2,809-2,819.(in Chinese)
[13] Yang,J.,Wei,G.,& Ren,S.(2015).Long-term effects of combined application of chemical nitrogen with organic materials on crop yields,soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in fluvo-aquic soil.Soil & Tillage Research,151:67-74.
[14]周江明.有机-无机肥配施对水稻产量、平直及氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(1):234-240.ZHOU jiang-ming.(2012).Effect of combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers on yield[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,18(1):234-240.(in Chinese)
[15]商跃凤.有机无机复混肥对水稻氮素利用率的影响[J].西南农业大学学报,2001,23(3):262-266.SHANG Yue-feng.(2001).Influence of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers on nitrogen recovery in paddy rice [J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,23(3):262-266.(in Chinese)
[16] 章永松,林咸永,罗安程,等.有机肥(物)对土壤中磷的活化作用及机理研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(2):145-150.ZHANG Yong-song,LIN Xian-yong,LUO An-cheng,et al.(1998).Studies on the activation of phosphorus by organic fertilizer in soil and its Mechanisms (i):effect of organic manure on activation to different phosphate in soils [J].Journal of Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,4(2):145-150.(in Chinese)
[17]Yang Z C,Zhao N,Huang F,et al.Long-term effects of differentorganic and inorganic fertilizer treatments on soil organic carbon sequestration and crop yields on the North China Plain [J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,146:47-52.(in Chinese)
[18]赵军,李勇,冉炜,等.有机肥替代部分化肥对稻麦轮作系统产量及土壤微生物区系的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(4):594-602.ZHAO Jun,LI Yong,RAN Wei,et al.(2016).Effects of organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on crop yield and soil microbiome in a rice-wheat cropping system [J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,39(4):594-602.(in Chinese)
[19] 陶磊,褚贵新,刘涛,等.有机肥替代部分化肥对长期连作棉田产量、土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6 137-6 146.TAO Lei,CHU Gui-xin,LIU Tao,et al.(2014).Impacts of organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on cotton yield,soil microbial community and enzyme activities in mono-cropping system in drip irrigation condition [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,34(21):6,137-6,146.(in Chinese)
[20] 李占,丁娜,郭立月,等.有机肥和化肥不同比例配施对冬小麦/夏玉米生长,产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(7):71-77.LI Zhan,DING Na,GUO Li-yue.(2013).Effects of Different Ratios of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on Growth,Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat and Summer Maize [J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,45(7):71-77.(in Chinese)
[21]周江明.有机-无机肥配施对水稻产量、品质及氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(1):234-240.ZHOU Jiang-ming.(2012).Effect of combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers on yield,quality and nitrogen uptake of rice [J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,18(1):234-240.(in Chinese)