1856年重庆小南海地震地质灾害成因探讨
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摘要
基于课题调查研究,解析历史地震记载和小南海地震遗址的现存形迹,梳理前人的认识,推算重力崩塌的势能及其相当的地震震级,探讨几种可能的地震地质灾害成因,同时也提出其他可能的诱发因素,认为小南海地震地质灾害可能是多次构造地震叠加的结果,也可能是纯粹的山体自然坍塌形成的塌陷型地震,而彻底揭开小南海地震地质灾害谜团还需人类科研实践的进一步发展,也需要更广泛学科的共同探讨。
Different discussions on the causes of the 1856 Xiaonanhai, Chongqing earthquake disaster are available, and different understandings of the earthquake's origin, magnitude, and epicentral intensity exist. This work analyzed historical earthquake records and the extant traces of the Xiaonanhai earthquake site in reference to previous investigations and studies. It also calculated the magnitudes of earthquakes in the Xiaonanhai area in accordance with the calculated gravitational collapse potential of several large landslides. The earthquake disaster in Xiaonanhai area may have resulted from the superposition of multiple tectonic earthquakes because four earthquakes with M≥5 were located near the Qianjiang Fault Zone. Satellite images revealed the active tectonic features of the fault zone. In addition, numerous earthquakes were distributed near the fault zone. Several possible causes of seismogeological disasters were discussed, and other potential predisposing factors were presented. The Xiaonanhai earthquake may have resulted from the superposition of multiple tectonic earthquakes or from a pure mountain collapse, but other causes cannot be completely ruled out. The further development of scientific practice is needed to uncover and further discuss the mystery of the geological disaster of the Xiaonanhai earthquake.
Different discussions on the causes of the 1856 Xiaonanhai, Chongqing earthquake disaster are available, and different understandings of the earthquake's origin, magnitude, and epicentral intensity exist. This work analyzed historical earthquake records and the extant traces of the Xiaonanhai earthquake site in reference to previous investigations and studies. It also calculated the magnitudes of earthquakes in the Xiaonanhai area in accordance with the calculated gravitational collapse potential of several large landslides. The earthquake disaster in Xiaonanhai area may have resulted from the superposition of multiple tectonic earthquakes because four earthquakes with M≥5 were located near the Qianjiang Fault Zone. Satellite images revealed the active tectonic features of the fault zone. In addition, numerous earthquakes were distributed near the fault zone. Several possible causes of seismogeological disasters were discussed, and other potential predisposing factors were presented. The Xiaonanhai earthquake may have resulted from the superposition of multiple tectonic earthquakes or from a pure mountain collapse, but other causes cannot be completely ruled out. The further development of scientific practice is needed to uncover and further discuss the mystery of the geological disaster of the Xiaonanhai earthquake.
引文
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[13] 尚彦军.从水井岩大型滑坡表面高温降解喷出物特征到汶川地震天然气体溢出爆炸模型[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2014,44(1):230-248.SHANG Yanjun.Features of Craters and Test Results of Ejecta Distributed Above Shuijingyan Rock Avalanche in the Wenchan Earthquake[J].Jilin University Journal:Earth Science Edition,2014,44(1):230-248.
[2] 唐荣昌,韩渭滨.四川活动断裂与地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.TANG Rongchang,HAN Weibin.Sichuan Activity Fracture and Earthquake[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1993.
[3] 刘锁旺,丁忠孝.1856年湖北咸丰县大路坝地震考察[J].地壳形变与地震,1981(2):71-83.LIU Suowang,DING Zhongxiao.Seismic Survey of 1856 Daluba Earthquake in Xianfeng County,Hubei Province[J],Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1981(2):71-83.
[4] 顾功叙.中国地震目录(公元前1831—公元1969年)[M].北京:地震出版社,1983.GU Gongxu.China Earthquake Catalogue(BC1831—1969)[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1983.
[5] 国家地震局震害防御司.中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—公元1911年)[M].北京:地震出版社,1995.Departhment of Earthquake Damage Prevention,SSB.The Catalogue of Chinese historical Strong Earthquakes (BC23—1911)[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1995.
[6] 徐锡伟,高建国.中国近现代重大地震事件考证[M].北京:地震出版社,2017.XU Xiwei,GAO Jianguo.Research on Major Earthquake Events in Modern China[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2017.
[7] 秦娟,王赞军.关于1856年黔江咸丰地震震中烈度与震级的探讨[J].中国地震,2018,34(3):551-564.QIN Juan,WANG Zanjun.Discussion on the Epicentral Intensity and Magnitude of the 1856 Qianjiang—Xianfeng Earthquake[J].Earthquake Research in China,2018,34(3):551-564.
[8] 周鑫,周庆.1856年黔江咸丰地震(大路坝地震)崩滑体调查及其形成机制[J].地震地质,2018,40(2):410-425.ZHOU Xin,ZHOU Qing.Investigation to Landslides Triggered By The 1856 Qianjiang—Xianfeng(Daluba) Earthquake And Their Generation Mechanisms[J].Ieismology and Geology,2018,40(2):410-425.
[9] 王赞军,秦娟.从黔江历史地震认识黔江断裂带活动性[J].四川地震,2018,167(2):5-12.WANG Zanjun,QIN Juan.Understanding the Activity of the Qianjiang Fault Zone from the Historical Earthquakes in Qianjiang[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,2018,167(2):5-12.
[10] 何泽禄.献中黔江[M].江苏:广陵书社,2015.HE Zelu.Xian Zhong Qianjiang[M].Jiangsu:Straight Publishing House,2015.
[11] 孙成民.四川地震全记录(公元前26年—公元1949年9月,上卷)[M].成都:四川人民出版社,2009.SUN Chengmin.Sichuan Earthquake Full Record (BC26—1949.9,Volume One)[M].Chengdu:Sichuan People’s Publishing House,2009.
[12] 湖北地震志编纂委员会.湖北地震志[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.Hubei Seismological Committee.Hubei Seismography[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1990.
[13] 尚彦军.从水井岩大型滑坡表面高温降解喷出物特征到汶川地震天然气体溢出爆炸模型[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2014,44(1):230-248.SHANG Yanjun.Features of Craters and Test Results of Ejecta Distributed Above Shuijingyan Rock Avalanche in the Wenchan Earthquake[J].Jilin University Journal:Earth Science Edition,2014,44(1):230-248.