桂中坳陷早石炭世泥页岩地球化学特征及近源气成藏模式
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摘要
目前针对桂中坳陷早石炭世富有机质泥页岩的生烃潜力方面研究很少,严重制约了该区以页岩气为主的非常规油气勘探.本研究对鹿寨县城西石炭系鹿寨组泥页岩系统取样分析,从有机碳含量、岩石热解、有机碳同位素组成、抽提物正构烷烃组成特征及泥岩镜质体反射率多个方面讨论了该套泥页岩的生烃潜力;结合区域构造演化史总结了与下石炭统岩关阶泥页岩密切相关的3种近源气藏赋存模式.研究结果表明:泥页岩的TOC值分布于0.25%~15.67%,其中强制海退前沉积的泥页岩富含有机质,TOC值均大于2%,TOC值与氯仿沥青"A"、生烃潜量及总烃呈弱正相关关系.泥页岩的有机质类型主体为Ⅱ型;泥页岩的Ro值分布于1.72%~2.78%,处于过成熟阶段.泥页岩上下岩性组合特征及桂中坳陷现今所处的构造位置表明,坳陷中部对冲构造区为有利的近源气藏形成区,背冲构造区为较差区;坳陷边缘逆冲推覆构造区为存在岩性圈闭的近源气藏形成区.
To date there are only a few studies on genetic potential of the Early Carboniferous shale in Guizhong depression,which severely restricts the unconventional oil and gas exploration(mainly shale gas)in this area.In this study,typical profile measurements and sampling analysis of the shale from the Early Carboniferous slope facies in Guizhong depression were conducted,and then the hydrocarbon generating potential of the shale was discussed from multiple perspectives,including the TOC content,rock pyrolysis,organic carbon isotope composition,n-alkane composition and the vitrinite reflectance of the shale.Combined with regional tectonic evolution history,three models of near source gas reservoirs,which are closely related to the shale from the Lower Carboniferous Yanguanian Stage,are summarized.The results show that,TOC values are ranging from 0.25% to 15.67%.The shales deposited before forced regressive are rich in organic matter,with TOC values greater than 2%.There are weak positive correlations between TOC value and chloroform bitumen "A",the hydrocarbon generating potential and the total hydrocarbon respectively.The type of the organic metter in the shales is mainly classified as kerogen typeⅡ.The values of Roare ranging from 1.72% to 2.78%,in the overmature stage.According to the lithologic characteristics and the present tectonic position of Guizhong depression,we suggest that the ramp structure zone in the middle of the depression is favorable for the formation of near source gas reservoirs,while the back thrust zone is poor.Thethrust nappe structure zone in the edge of the depression is the near source gas accumulation zone with lithologic traps.
To date there are only a few studies on genetic potential of the Early Carboniferous shale in Guizhong depression,which severely restricts the unconventional oil and gas exploration(mainly shale gas)in this area.In this study,typical profile measurements and sampling analysis of the shale from the Early Carboniferous slope facies in Guizhong depression were conducted,and then the hydrocarbon generating potential of the shale was discussed from multiple perspectives,including the TOC content,rock pyrolysis,organic carbon isotope composition,n-alkane composition and the vitrinite reflectance of the shale.Combined with regional tectonic evolution history,three models of near source gas reservoirs,which are closely related to the shale from the Lower Carboniferous Yanguanian Stage,are summarized.The results show that,TOC values are ranging from 0.25% to 15.67%.The shales deposited before forced regressive are rich in organic matter,with TOC values greater than 2%.There are weak positive correlations between TOC value and chloroform bitumen "A",the hydrocarbon generating potential and the total hydrocarbon respectively.The type of the organic metter in the shales is mainly classified as kerogen typeⅡ.The values of Roare ranging from 1.72% to 2.78%,in the overmature stage.According to the lithologic characteristics and the present tectonic position of Guizhong depression,we suggest that the ramp structure zone in the middle of the depression is favorable for the formation of near source gas reservoirs,while the back thrust zone is poor.Thethrust nappe structure zone in the edge of the depression is the near source gas accumulation zone with lithologic traps.
引文
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Huang,L.,Xu,Z.Y.,Wang,P.W.,et al.,2012.An Analysis of Resource Potential of Upper Paleozoic Shale Gas in Guizhong Depression.Geology in China,39(2):497-506(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jarvie,D.M.,Hill,R.J.,Ruble,T.E.,et al.,2007.Unconventional Shale-Gas Systems:The Mississippian Barnett Shale of North-Central Texas as one Model for Thermogenic Shale-Gas Assessment.AAPG Bulletin,91(4):475-499.https://doi.org/10.1306/12190606068
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Jiao,D.Q.,Ma,Y.S.,Deng,J.,et al.,2003.The SequenceStratigraphic Framework and the Evolution of Paleogeography for Carboniferous of the Guizhou and Guangxi Areas.Geoscience,17(3):294-302(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Liang,D.G.,Guo,T.L.,Chen,J.P.,et al.,2008.Some Progresses on Studies of Hydrocarbon Generation and Accumulation in Marine Sedimentary Regions,Southern China(Part 1):Distribution of Four Suits of Regional Marine Source Rocks.Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,13(2):1-16(in Chinese with English abstract).
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Liu,D.C.,2009.The Analysis of Tectonic Evolution and Preservation Condition of Oil and Gas in Guizhong Depression(Dissertation).China University of Petroleum(East China)(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lou,Z.H.,Shang,C.J.,Yao,G.S.,et al.,2011.Hydrocarbon Preservation Conditions in Marine Strata of the Guizhong Depression and Its Margin.Acta Petrolei Sinica,32(3):432-441(in Chinese with English abstract).
Loucks,R.G.,Reed,R.M.,Ruppel,S.C.,et al.,2009.Morphology,Genesis,and Distribution of Nanometer-Scale Pores in Siliceous Mudstones of the Mississippian Barnett Shale.Journal of Sedimentary Research,79(12):848-861.https://doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2009.092
Loucks,R.G.,Reed,R.M.,Ruppel,S.C.,et al.,2012.Spectrum of Pore Types and Networks in Mudrocks and a Descriptive Classification for Matrix-Related Mudrock Pores.AAPG Bulletin,96(6):1071-1098.https://doi.org/10.1306/08171111061
Luo,S.Y.,Wang,C.S.,Peng,Z.Q.,2016.Shale Gas Research of Luzhai Formation,Low Carboniferous in Guizhong Depression.Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,32(2):180-190(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mastalerz,M.,Schimmelmann,A.,Drobniak,A.,et al.,2013.Porosity of Devonian and Mississippian New Albany Shale across a Maturation Gradient:Insights from Organic Petrology,Gas Adsorption,and Mercury Intrusion.AAPG Bulletin,97(10):1621-1643.https://doi.org/10.1306/04011312194
Mei,M.X.,Meng,Q.F.,Yi,D.H.,et al.,2004.Carboniferous Sequence Framework in Guizhou and Guangxi,Southern China.Acta Geosicientia Sinica,25(1):39-46(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mii,H.S.,Grossman,E.L.,Yancey,T.E.,1999.Carboniferous Isotope Stratigraphies of North America:Implications for Carboniferous Paleoceanography and Mississippian Glaciation.Geological Society of America Bulletin,111(7):960-973.https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0960:cisona>2.3.co;2
Nie,H.K.,Tang,X.,Bian,R.K.,2009.Controlling Factors for Shale Gas Accumulation and Prediction of Potential Development Area in Shale Gas Reservoir of South China.Acta Petrolei Sinica,30(4):484-491(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pan,R.F.,Tang,X.L.,Meng,J.H.,et al.,2014.Shale Gas Preservation Conditions for the Upper Paleozoic in Guizhong Depression.Oil and Gas Geology,35(4):534-541(in Chinese with English abstract).
Pang,X.Q.,Li,Q.W.,Chen,J.F.,Recovery Method of Original TOC and Its Application in Source Rocks at High Mature over Mature Stage in Deep Petroliferous Basins.Journal of Palaeogeography,16(6):769-789(in Chinese with English abstract).
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