黔南黄平凹陷及周缘古流体特征及其对油气保存的指示
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摘要
黔东南地区地质条件非常复杂,迄今已发现众多的残余油气藏,保存条件一直是制约该地区油气勘探的关键问题。以黄平凹陷及周缘海相地层为主要研究对象,通过流体包裹体、碳氧同位素测试等手段,分析了研究区古流体活动特征,评价了研究区油气保存条件。结果表明:(1)中晚燕山期-喜山期是研究区古流体活动的主要时期,在其构造挤压、抬升的背景下,地层流体在晚侏罗世-第四纪期间持续活动,其中白垩纪及新生代末期是最活跃的2个时段;(2)在以喜山运动为主的构造活动时期,研究区各个层位都不同程度遭受大气水下渗的影响,且随着地层层位由老到新,影响逐渐增强,油气保存条件依次变差;(3)黄平凹陷及周缘古大气水下渗深度的平面展布特征与其燕山期-喜山期的大构造背景相契合,佐证了古流体活动主要发生于该时期,其大气水下渗深度为1 400~4 100m,其中余庆、黄平-凯里、凯里-麻江等地区大气水下渗深度较小,是油气保存的相对有利区域。
Many residual hydrocarbon reservoirs have been found in southeastern Guizhou.The preservation conditions restrict the oil and gas exploration because the geological conditions are very complex in the region.The paper uses tests of fluid inclusions and analysis of carbon and oxygen isotope on the marine strata in Huangping Sag and its margin to study the paleo-fluid activity characteristics and preservation conditions.The result indicates that Mid-Late Yanshan to Himalayan should be the major period of paleofluid activity in the study area.In the context of structural compression and uplift,formation fluid continued to be active from Late Jurassic to Quaternary,especially in Cretaceous and Late Cenozoic.During that period,multiple strata of the study area suffered progressively from atmospheric water infiltration mainly caused by Himalayan movement,with older ones in better conditions compared to new ones.Therefore,the preservation condition was gradually deteriorated as strata became new.Besides,the paleo-fluid activity during Yanshan to Himalayan period was further evidenced by the consistency between the planar distribution characteristics of the paleo-atmospheric water infiltration and the tectonic background.The depth of the paleo-atmosphere water infiltration was about 1 400 to 4 100 meters,with Yuqing,Huangping-Kaili and Kaili-Majiang regions favorable for hydrocarbon preservation because of a small depth of infiltration and the shallow paleo-atmosphere water infiltration.
Many residual hydrocarbon reservoirs have been found in southeastern Guizhou.The preservation conditions restrict the oil and gas exploration because the geological conditions are very complex in the region.The paper uses tests of fluid inclusions and analysis of carbon and oxygen isotope on the marine strata in Huangping Sag and its margin to study the paleo-fluid activity characteristics and preservation conditions.The result indicates that Mid-Late Yanshan to Himalayan should be the major period of paleofluid activity in the study area.In the context of structural compression and uplift,formation fluid continued to be active from Late Jurassic to Quaternary,especially in Cretaceous and Late Cenozoic.During that period,multiple strata of the study area suffered progressively from atmospheric water infiltration mainly caused by Himalayan movement,with older ones in better conditions compared to new ones.Therefore,the preservation condition was gradually deteriorated as strata became new.Besides,the paleo-fluid activity during Yanshan to Himalayan period was further evidenced by the consistency between the planar distribution characteristics of the paleo-atmospheric water infiltration and the tectonic background.The depth of the paleo-atmosphere water infiltration was about 1 400 to 4 100 meters,with Yuqing,Huangping-Kaili and Kaili-Majiang regions favorable for hydrocarbon preservation because of a small depth of infiltration and the shallow paleo-atmosphere water infiltration.
引文
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[3]马永生,楼章华,郭彤楼,等.中国南方海相地层油气保存条件综合评价技术体系探讨[J].地质学报,2006,80(3):406-417.
[4]王鹏万,徐政语,陈子炓,等.黔南拗陷构造变形特征与油气保存有利区评价[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,32(5):36-40,183-184.
[5]顾志翔,何幼斌,彭勇民,等.川南-黔中地区下寒武统页岩气富集条件探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(4):642-653.
[6]金宠,陈安清,楼章华,等.黔南坳陷构造运动与流体响应及油气保存[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2012,46(10):1910-1922.
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[8]王国芝,刘树根.海相碳酸盐岩区油气保存条件的古流体地球化学评价:以四川盆地中部下组合为例[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2009,36(6):65-78.
[9]Cooley A M,Price A R,Kyser T K,et al.Stable-isotope geochemistry of syntectonic veins in Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the living stone range anticlinorium and their significance to the thermal and fluid evolution of the southern Canadian foreland thrust and fold[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(11):1851-1882.
[10]楼章华,马永生,郭彤楼,等.中国南方海相地层油气保存条件评价[J].天然气工业,2006,26(8):2,8-11.
[11]Clauer N,Frape S K,Fritz B.Calcite veins of the Stripagranite(Sweden)as records of the origin of the groundwaters and their interactions with the granitic body[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1989,53(8):1777-1781.
[12]杨兴业,何生,何治亮,等.京山地区方解石脉包裹体-同位素特征及古流体指示意义[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(1):19-26,34.
[13]徐田武,曾溅辉,张永旺,等.大巴山前陆构造带主断裂碳酸盐岩碳-氧同位素特征及其对流体的响应[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,33(2):40-45,54.
[14]刘建章,陈红汉,李剑,等.运用流体包裹体确定鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界油气成藏期次和时期[J].地质科技情报,2005,24(4):60-66.
[15]王鸿祯,张世红.全球前寒武纪基底构造格局与古大陆再造问题[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):467-481.
[16]刘德汉,卢焕章,肖贤明.油气包裹体及其在石油勘探和开发中的应用[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2007.
[17]李静,查明.基于流体包裹体的任丘油田雾迷山组成藏期次确定与古压力恢复[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,34(4):38-43.
[18]谢舟,卢双舫,于玲,等.泥质气源岩层内天然气扩散损失量评:以黔南坳陷黄页1井九门冲组页岩为例[J].矿物学报,2014,34(1):139-145.
[19]Sorkhabi R,Tsuji Y.Faults,fluid flow and petroleum traps[J].AAPG Memoir,2005,85:251-267.
[20]金之钧,周雁,云金表,等.我国海相地层膏盐岩盖层分布与近期油气勘探方向[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):715-724.
[21]胡武周.贵州省三叠系“膏溶层”的形成机理及水库防渗研究[J].中国岩溶,1988,7(4):82-87.
[22]朱清波,杨坤光.九江-瑞昌地区盖层滑脱断裂流体特征及其地质意义[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(6):46-54.
[23]毛玲玲,伊海生,季长军,等.柴达木盆地新生代湖相碳酸盐岩岩石学及碳氧同位素特征[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(1):41-48.
[24]张庆玉,梁彬,曹建文,等.塔里木盆地轮古7井区以东奥陶系古岩溶储层碳氧同位素地球化学特征研究[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(2):52-56,77.
[25]张庆玉,秦凤蕊,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡群古三维区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层特征[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(3):186-192.
[26]李飞,尚长健,楼章华,等.米仓-大巴山海相地层古流体地球化学特征与油气保存[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):365-371.
[27]Keith M L,Weber J N.Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of selected limestones and fossiles[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1964,28(10/11):1787-1816.
[28]刘安,危凯,李旭兵,等.桑植-石门复向斜及邻区古流体特征与油气保存意义[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(6):742-750.
[29]宋土顺,马锋,刘立,等.大庆长垣扶余油层砂岩中方解石胶结物的碳-氧同位素特征及其成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(2):255-261.
[30]曹剑,胡文瑄,姚素平,等.准噶尔盆地石炭-二叠系方解石脉的碳、氧、锶同位素组成与含油气流体运移[J].沉积学报,2007,25(5):72-79.
[31]Urey H C,Lowenstam H A,Epatein S,et al.Measurement of paleotemperatures and temperatures of the Upper Creataceous of England,Denmark,and the Southeastern United States[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1951,62(4):399-416.
[32]Epstein S,Buchsbaum R,Lowenstam H,et al.Revised carbonate-H2O isotopic temperature scale[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1953,64(11):1316-1326.
[2]王伟锋,周维维,徐政语.黔南坳陷构造变形特征及稳定区块评价[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,3(2):255-261.
[3]马永生,楼章华,郭彤楼,等.中国南方海相地层油气保存条件综合评价技术体系探讨[J].地质学报,2006,80(3):406-417.
[4]王鹏万,徐政语,陈子炓,等.黔南拗陷构造变形特征与油气保存有利区评价[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,32(5):36-40,183-184.
[5]顾志翔,何幼斌,彭勇民,等.川南-黔中地区下寒武统页岩气富集条件探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(4):642-653.
[6]金宠,陈安清,楼章华,等.黔南坳陷构造运动与流体响应及油气保存[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2012,46(10):1910-1922.
[7]Boles R J,Eichhubl P,Garven G,et al.Evolution of a hydrocarbon migration pathway along basin-bounding faults:Evidence from fault cement[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(7):947-970.
[8]王国芝,刘树根.海相碳酸盐岩区油气保存条件的古流体地球化学评价:以四川盆地中部下组合为例[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2009,36(6):65-78.
[9]Cooley A M,Price A R,Kyser T K,et al.Stable-isotope geochemistry of syntectonic veins in Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the living stone range anticlinorium and their significance to the thermal and fluid evolution of the southern Canadian foreland thrust and fold[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(11):1851-1882.
[10]楼章华,马永生,郭彤楼,等.中国南方海相地层油气保存条件评价[J].天然气工业,2006,26(8):2,8-11.
[11]Clauer N,Frape S K,Fritz B.Calcite veins of the Stripagranite(Sweden)as records of the origin of the groundwaters and their interactions with the granitic body[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1989,53(8):1777-1781.
[12]杨兴业,何生,何治亮,等.京山地区方解石脉包裹体-同位素特征及古流体指示意义[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(1):19-26,34.
[13]徐田武,曾溅辉,张永旺,等.大巴山前陆构造带主断裂碳酸盐岩碳-氧同位素特征及其对流体的响应[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2009,33(2):40-45,54.
[14]刘建章,陈红汉,李剑,等.运用流体包裹体确定鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界油气成藏期次和时期[J].地质科技情报,2005,24(4):60-66.
[15]王鸿祯,张世红.全球前寒武纪基底构造格局与古大陆再造问题[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2002,27(5):467-481.
[16]刘德汉,卢焕章,肖贤明.油气包裹体及其在石油勘探和开发中的应用[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2007.
[17]李静,查明.基于流体包裹体的任丘油田雾迷山组成藏期次确定与古压力恢复[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,34(4):38-43.
[18]谢舟,卢双舫,于玲,等.泥质气源岩层内天然气扩散损失量评:以黔南坳陷黄页1井九门冲组页岩为例[J].矿物学报,2014,34(1):139-145.
[19]Sorkhabi R,Tsuji Y.Faults,fluid flow and petroleum traps[J].AAPG Memoir,2005,85:251-267.
[20]金之钧,周雁,云金表,等.我国海相地层膏盐岩盖层分布与近期油气勘探方向[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):715-724.
[21]胡武周.贵州省三叠系“膏溶层”的形成机理及水库防渗研究[J].中国岩溶,1988,7(4):82-87.
[22]朱清波,杨坤光.九江-瑞昌地区盖层滑脱断裂流体特征及其地质意义[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(6):46-54.
[23]毛玲玲,伊海生,季长军,等.柴达木盆地新生代湖相碳酸盐岩岩石学及碳氧同位素特征[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(1):41-48.
[24]张庆玉,梁彬,曹建文,等.塔里木盆地轮古7井区以东奥陶系古岩溶储层碳氧同位素地球化学特征研究[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(2):52-56,77.
[25]张庆玉,秦凤蕊,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡群古三维区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层特征[J].地质科技情报,2016,35(3):186-192.
[26]李飞,尚长健,楼章华,等.米仓-大巴山海相地层古流体地球化学特征与油气保存[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(3):365-371.
[27]Keith M L,Weber J N.Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of selected limestones and fossiles[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1964,28(10/11):1787-1816.
[28]刘安,危凯,李旭兵,等.桑植-石门复向斜及邻区古流体特征与油气保存意义[J].石油实验地质,2015,37(6):742-750.
[29]宋土顺,马锋,刘立,等.大庆长垣扶余油层砂岩中方解石胶结物的碳-氧同位素特征及其成因[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(2):255-261.
[30]曹剑,胡文瑄,姚素平,等.准噶尔盆地石炭-二叠系方解石脉的碳、氧、锶同位素组成与含油气流体运移[J].沉积学报,2007,25(5):72-79.
[31]Urey H C,Lowenstam H A,Epatein S,et al.Measurement of paleotemperatures and temperatures of the Upper Creataceous of England,Denmark,and the Southeastern United States[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1951,62(4):399-416.
[32]Epstein S,Buchsbaum R,Lowenstam H,et al.Revised carbonate-H2O isotopic temperature scale[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1953,64(11):1316-1326.
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