不同大狼毒覆盖度退化亚高山草甸群落结构及物种多样性研究
|
摘要
【目的】研究滇西北大狼毒种群扩散蔓延所引起的亚高山草甸群落结构和物种多样性的变化特征。【方法】以滇西北香格里拉县小中甸镇大狼毒型退化亚高山草甸典型样地为研究对象,采用传统的野外生态学调查和数据统计分析相结合的方法,开展不同大狼毒覆盖度退化亚高山草甸群落结构特征、大狼毒种群数量特征及物种多样性比较研究。【结果】随着群落中大狼毒覆盖度的增大,滇西北亚高山草甸的优势物种由华扁穗草+三穗苔草+草地早熟禾+西南委陵菜逐渐演变成大狼毒+西南委陵菜+绶草;群落的植株密度、优良牧草比例、Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数显著下降,毒害草比例以及大狼毒种群的株高、冠幅、分枝数和地上生物量显著增加。【结论】随着大狼毒覆盖度的增加,滇西北亚高山草甸优良牧草产量下降,物种多样性降低,草地逐渐失去其生产价值。
[Purpose]To explore the variation characteristics of community structure and species diversity(which was caused by the spread of Euphorbia jolkinii) in subalpine meadow in northwest Yunnan.[ Method] The traditional field ecology survey method and the data statistical analysis method were adopted in this research, and the community structure characteristics, the quantitative characteristics of E. jolkinii population and the species diversity were measured in this study.[Result]The dominant species of subalpine meadow in northwest Yunnan changed from Blysmus sinocompressus + Carex tristachya + Poa pratensis + Potentilla fulgens to E. jolkinii + Potentilla fulgens +Spiranthes sinensis. And the plant density, the proportion of excellent forage, the Margalef index,Shannon Wiener index and Pielou index of the community decreased significantly; the proportion of poisonous species, the height, crown width, branch number and aboveground biomass of E. jolkinii increased significantly with the coverage of E. jolkinii increased from less than 10% to over 60%.[Conclusion]Through our study we can include that in the subalpine meadow in Northwest Yunnan,the yield of excellent forage and species diversity decreased and lost its production value gradually with the coverage of E. jolkinii increased from less than 10% to over 60%.
[Purpose]To explore the variation characteristics of community structure and species diversity(which was caused by the spread of Euphorbia jolkinii) in subalpine meadow in northwest Yunnan.[ Method] The traditional field ecology survey method and the data statistical analysis method were adopted in this research, and the community structure characteristics, the quantitative characteristics of E. jolkinii population and the species diversity were measured in this study.[Result]The dominant species of subalpine meadow in northwest Yunnan changed from Blysmus sinocompressus + Carex tristachya + Poa pratensis + Potentilla fulgens to E. jolkinii + Potentilla fulgens +Spiranthes sinensis. And the plant density, the proportion of excellent forage, the Margalef index,Shannon Wiener index and Pielou index of the community decreased significantly; the proportion of poisonous species, the height, crown width, branch number and aboveground biomass of E. jolkinii increased significantly with the coverage of E. jolkinii increased from less than 10% to over 60%.[Conclusion]Through our study we can include that in the subalpine meadow in Northwest Yunnan,the yield of excellent forage and species diversity decreased and lost its production value gradually with the coverage of E. jolkinii increased from less than 10% to over 60%.
引文
[1]VERDOODT A,MUREITHI S M,YE L M,et al.Chronosequence analysis of two enclosure management strategies in degraded rangeland of semi-arid Kenya[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2009,129(1/2/3):332.DOI:10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.006.
[2]欧阳青,代微然,任健,等.短期封育对滇西北亚高山草甸土壤呼吸速率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(16):7.DOI:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3101.
[3]席赠濮,杜凡,汪健.香格里拉县亚高山退化草甸植物群落学研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2013,33(2):75.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1914.2013.02.016.
[4]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志:第44卷:第1分册[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[5]GUO H R,CUI H Y,JIN H,et al.Potential allelochemicals in root zone soils of Stellera chamaejasme L.and variations at different geographical growing sites[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2015,77(3):335.DOI:10.1007 /s10725-015-0068-4.
[6]LI J Z,LIU Y M,MO C H,et al.IKONOS image-based extraction of the distribution area of Stellera chamaejasme L.in Qilian County of Qinghai Province,China[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(2):148.DOI:10.3390/rs8020148.
[7]SUN G,LUO P,WU N,et al.Stellera chamaejasme L.increases soil N availability,turnover rates and microbial biomass in an alpine meadow ecosystem on the eastern Tibetan Plateau of China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(1):86.DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.022.
[8]王欢,马青成,耿朋帅,等.天然草地瑞香狼毒研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2015,36(12):154.DOI:10.16437/j.cnki.1007-5038.2015.12.033.
[9]KATEWA S S,GALAV P K,NAG A,et al.Poisonous plants of the southern Aravalli hills of Rajasthan[J].Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge,2008,7(2):269.
[10]JIN L,ZHANG G Q,WANG X J,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhiza regulate inter-specific competition between a poisonous plant,Ligularia virgaurea,and a co-existing grazing grass,Elymus nutans,in Tibetan Plateau Alpine meadow ecosystem[J].Symbiosis,2011,55(1):29.DOI:10.1007/s13199-011-0141-3.
[11]任健,李永进,欧阳青,等.短期封育和施用牛粪对亚高山草甸植物群落组成及生物量的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(6):1197.DOI:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2016.06.007.
[12]董道瑞,李霞,万红梅,等.塔里木河下游柽柳灌丛地上生物量估测[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(2):384.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4025.2012.02.026.
[13]任继周.草业科学研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[14]王福山,何永涛,石培礼,等.狼毒对西藏高原高寒草甸退化的指示作用[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(4):567.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1145.2016.03008.
[15]邢福,王艳红,郭继勋.内蒙古退化草原狼毒种子的种群分布格局与散布机制[J].生态学报,2004,24(1):143.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2004.01.021.
[16]邢福,郭继勋,王艳红.狼毒种子萌发特性与种群更新机制的研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(11):1851.DOI:10.13287/J.1001-9332.2003.0409.
[17]高福元,赵成章,卓马兰草.高寒退化草地不同海拔梯度狼毒种群分布格局及空间关联性[J].生态学报,2014,34(3):605.DOI:10.5846/stx6201209191317.
[18]辛玉春,杜铁瑛.青海省天然草地退化程度分级指标初探[J].青海草业,2013,22(1):19.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-1445.2013.01.004.
[19]程晓月,后源,任国华,等.“黑土滩”退化高寒草地6种常见毒杂草水浸液对垂穗披碱草的化感作用[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(10):2057.
[20]孙建,王小丹,程根伟,等.狼毒根系的向水性及其对河流侵蚀的响应[J].山地学报,2014,32(4):444.DOI:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.2014.04.001.
[21]尚占环,龙瑞军,马玉寿,等.青藏高原“黑土滩”次生毒杂草群落成体植株与幼苗空间异质性及相似性分析[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(5):1157.DOI:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.020.
[22]邢福,宋日.草地有毒植物狼毒种群分布格局及动态[J].草业科学,2002,19(1):16.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2002.01.004.
[2]欧阳青,代微然,任健,等.短期封育对滇西北亚高山草甸土壤呼吸速率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(16):7.DOI:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3101.
[3]席赠濮,杜凡,汪健.香格里拉县亚高山退化草甸植物群落学研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2013,33(2):75.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1914.2013.02.016.
[4]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志:第44卷:第1分册[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[5]GUO H R,CUI H Y,JIN H,et al.Potential allelochemicals in root zone soils of Stellera chamaejasme L.and variations at different geographical growing sites[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2015,77(3):335.DOI:10.1007 /s10725-015-0068-4.
[6]LI J Z,LIU Y M,MO C H,et al.IKONOS image-based extraction of the distribution area of Stellera chamaejasme L.in Qilian County of Qinghai Province,China[J].Remote Sensing,2016,8(2):148.DOI:10.3390/rs8020148.
[7]SUN G,LUO P,WU N,et al.Stellera chamaejasme L.increases soil N availability,turnover rates and microbial biomass in an alpine meadow ecosystem on the eastern Tibetan Plateau of China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(1):86.DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.09.022.
[8]王欢,马青成,耿朋帅,等.天然草地瑞香狼毒研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2015,36(12):154.DOI:10.16437/j.cnki.1007-5038.2015.12.033.
[9]KATEWA S S,GALAV P K,NAG A,et al.Poisonous plants of the southern Aravalli hills of Rajasthan[J].Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge,2008,7(2):269.
[10]JIN L,ZHANG G Q,WANG X J,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhiza regulate inter-specific competition between a poisonous plant,Ligularia virgaurea,and a co-existing grazing grass,Elymus nutans,in Tibetan Plateau Alpine meadow ecosystem[J].Symbiosis,2011,55(1):29.DOI:10.1007/s13199-011-0141-3.
[11]任健,李永进,欧阳青,等.短期封育和施用牛粪对亚高山草甸植物群落组成及生物量的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(6):1197.DOI:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2016.06.007.
[12]董道瑞,李霞,万红梅,等.塔里木河下游柽柳灌丛地上生物量估测[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(2):384.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4025.2012.02.026.
[13]任继周.草业科学研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[14]王福山,何永涛,石培礼,等.狼毒对西藏高原高寒草甸退化的指示作用[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(4):567.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1145.2016.03008.
[15]邢福,王艳红,郭继勋.内蒙古退化草原狼毒种子的种群分布格局与散布机制[J].生态学报,2004,24(1):143.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2004.01.021.
[16]邢福,郭继勋,王艳红.狼毒种子萌发特性与种群更新机制的研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(11):1851.DOI:10.13287/J.1001-9332.2003.0409.
[17]高福元,赵成章,卓马兰草.高寒退化草地不同海拔梯度狼毒种群分布格局及空间关联性[J].生态学报,2014,34(3):605.DOI:10.5846/stx6201209191317.
[18]辛玉春,杜铁瑛.青海省天然草地退化程度分级指标初探[J].青海草业,2013,22(1):19.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-1445.2013.01.004.
[19]程晓月,后源,任国华,等.“黑土滩”退化高寒草地6种常见毒杂草水浸液对垂穗披碱草的化感作用[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(10):2057.
[20]孙建,王小丹,程根伟,等.狼毒根系的向水性及其对河流侵蚀的响应[J].山地学报,2014,32(4):444.DOI:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.2014.04.001.
[21]尚占环,龙瑞军,马玉寿,等.青藏高原“黑土滩”次生毒杂草群落成体植株与幼苗空间异质性及相似性分析[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(5):1157.DOI:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.05.020.
[22]邢福,宋日.草地有毒植物狼毒种群分布格局及动态[J].草业科学,2002,19(1):16.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0629.2002.01.004.