土壤肥力对直播水稻生长及产量的影响
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摘要
选用丰两优2号、丰两优香1号、两优168、国丰1号、荃优801、皖稻107等6个水稻品种,种植在肥力条件不同的2个试验点,探讨了土壤肥力对直播水稻生长及产量的影响。结果显示,土壤肥力影响供试品种的产量,低肥力水平下的平均产量比高肥力水平下低846.06kg/hm~2;2种肥力水平下均以荃优801产量最高,国丰1号产量差异最大(1142.70kg/hm~2),两优168产量差异最小(714.93kg/hm~2)。在产量结构中,低肥力水平与高肥力水平相比,有效穗数、穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重、株高和剑叶面积分别降低了5.31%、3.44%、1.16%、1.21%、1.81%和2.31%,其中有效穗数的降低幅度最大。土壤肥力差异未对供试品种的生育期产生显著影响,品种间生育期差异较大。结果表明,土壤肥力影响直播水稻的生长与产量;不同品种间差异显著,但未对供试品种的生育期产生显著影响;荃优801适应江汉平原直播水稻生产。
In orderto observe the effects of soil fertility on growth and yield of direct seeding rice,six varieties of Fengliangyou No.2,Fengliangyouxiang No.1,Liangyou 168,Guofeng No.1,Shanyou 801 and Japonica 107 are selected and planted in two experimental fields with different fertility conditions.The results show that soil fertility affects the yield of the tested varieties,and the average yield of low fertility is 846.06 kg/hm~2 lower than that of high fertility.Under the two fertility conditions,the yield of Shanyou 801 is the highest,and Guofeng No.1 has the largest difference in yield(1142.70 kg/hm~2),and Liangyou 168 has the smallest difference in yield(714.93 kg/hm~2).In the yield structure,the low-fertilization compared with the high fertility,the effective panicle per unit area,the number of grains per ear,the seed setting rate,the 1000-grain weight,the plant height and the flag leaf area decrease by 5.31%,3.44%,1.16%,1.21%,1.81% and 2.31%respectively,and the effective ear reduction is the largest.The difference in soil fertility has no significant impact on the growth period of the tested varieties,and the difference in growth period between varieties is greater.The results indicate that soil fertility affects the growth and yield of direct seeding rice,and the differences among different varieties are significant,but it has nosignificant impact on the growth period of the tested varieties.Shanyou 801 is suitablefor the production of direct-seeding rice in Jianghan Plain.
In orderto observe the effects of soil fertility on growth and yield of direct seeding rice,six varieties of Fengliangyou No.2,Fengliangyouxiang No.1,Liangyou 168,Guofeng No.1,Shanyou 801 and Japonica 107 are selected and planted in two experimental fields with different fertility conditions.The results show that soil fertility affects the yield of the tested varieties,and the average yield of low fertility is 846.06 kg/hm~2 lower than that of high fertility.Under the two fertility conditions,the yield of Shanyou 801 is the highest,and Guofeng No.1 has the largest difference in yield(1142.70 kg/hm~2),and Liangyou 168 has the smallest difference in yield(714.93 kg/hm~2).In the yield structure,the low-fertilization compared with the high fertility,the effective panicle per unit area,the number of grains per ear,the seed setting rate,the 1000-grain weight,the plant height and the flag leaf area decrease by 5.31%,3.44%,1.16%,1.21%,1.81% and 2.31%respectively,and the effective ear reduction is the largest.The difference in soil fertility has no significant impact on the growth period of the tested varieties,and the difference in growth period between varieties is greater.The results indicate that soil fertility affects the growth and yield of direct seeding rice,and the differences among different varieties are significant,but it has nosignificant impact on the growth period of the tested varieties.Shanyou 801 is suitablefor the production of direct-seeding rice in Jianghan Plain.
引文
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[2]汤勇华,黄耀.中国大陆主要粮食作物地力贡献率和基础产量的空间分布特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(5):1070～1078.
[3]孙波,潘贤章,王德建,等.我国不同区域农田养分平衡对土壤肥力时空演变的影响[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(11):1201～1208.
[4]李忠芳,张水清,李慧,等.长期施肥下我国水稻土基础地力变化趋势[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(6):1394～1402.
[5]李建军,辛景树,张会民,等.长江中下游粮食主产区25年来稻田土壤养分演变特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):92～103.
[6]邹应斌,夏冰,蒋鹏,等.水稻生产目标产量确定的理论与方法探讨[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(20):4021～4032.
[7]凌霄霞,张作林,翟景秋,等.气候变化对中国水稻生产的影响研究进展[J].作物学报,2019,45(1):1～14.
[8]范立慧,徐珊珊,侯朋福,等.不同地力下基蘖肥运筹比例对水稻产量及氮肥吸收利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(10):1872～1884.
[9]Peng J,Xie X B,Huang M,et al.Potential Yield Increase of Hybrid Rice at Five Locations in Southern China[J].Rice,2016,9:11.