异质Cd胁迫对蚕豆和富集植物续断菊根系生长的影响
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摘要
为了研究蚕豆和续断菊根系对异质Cd胁迫的生态学响应,探讨间作体系影响Cd累积的根系可塑性机理,以蚕豆和Cd富集植物续断菊为试验材料,设置异质Cd胁迫根箱模拟试验,将根箱平均分为左、右两室,分别填充Cd处理(50 mg·kg-1)土壤和无Cd土壤,分别测定蚕豆和续断菊的根长、根表面积、根体积等形态指标,比较异质Cd胁迫对蚕豆和续断菊根系生长影响的差异。结果表明,异质Cd胁迫下,蚕豆的根长、根表面积、根体积表现为无Cd右室大于Cd胁迫左室,续断菊表现为Cd胁迫左室大于无Cd右室。蚕豆根系直径为0～0.5 mm、土壤深度为15～20 cm时,无Cd右室根长、根表面积和根体积是Cd胁迫左室的4.63、3.14倍和2.39倍;根系直径为0.5～1 mm和大于1 mm、土壤深度为30～35 cm时,无Cd右室根长分别是Cd胁迫左室的1.69倍和5.04倍,根表面积分别是Cd胁迫左室的1.78倍和5.05倍,根体积分别是Cd胁迫左室的1.85倍和33.00倍。续断菊根系直径为0～0.5 mm、土壤深度为0～5 cm时,Cd胁迫左室根长、根表面积和根体积是无Cd右室的1.66、1.36倍和1.57倍;根系直径为0.5～1 mm、土壤深度为35～40 cm时,Cd胁迫左室根长、根表面积和根体积是无Cd右室的2.86、2.16倍和2.81倍;根系直径大于1 mm、土壤深度为15～20 cm时,Cd胁迫左室根长、根表面积和根体积是无Cd右室的26.94、52.26倍和139.33倍。综上结果表明Cd胁迫抑制了蚕豆根系的生长,促进了续断菊根系的生长,这可能是蚕豆和续断菊间作模式修复Cd污染土壤的机理之一。
A controlled glasshouse experiment was conducted to explore the effects of heterogeneous Cd stress on root growth of Vicia faba and Sonchus asper. The root length, root surface area and root volume were examined. The results showed that the root length, root surface area and root volume of Vicia faba was greater increase in no Cd patches than in the Cd stress patches. The root length, root surface area and root volume of Sonchus asper was greater increase in Cd stress patches than in no Cd patches. When the root diameter of Vicia faba was 0～0.5 mm and the soil depth was 15～20 cm, the root length, root surface area and root volume in no Cd patches were 4.63, 3.14 times and 2.39 times that in the Cd stress patches; Root diameter for 0.5～1 mm and greater than 1 mm, soil depth of 30～35 cm, root length in no Cd patches were 1.69 times and 5.04 times that in the Cd stress patches, root surface area in no Cd patches were 1.78 times and 5.05 times that in the Cd stress patches, root volume in no Cd patches were 1.85 times and 33 times that in the Cd stress patches. When the root diameter of Sonchus asper was 0～0.5 mm and the soil depth was 0～5 cm, the root length, root surface area and root volume in the Cd stress patches were 1.66, 1.36times and 1.57 times that in no Cd patches; Root diameter for 0.5～1 mm, soil depth of 35～40 cm, the root length, root surface area and root volume in the Cd stress patches were 2.86, 2.16 times and 2.81 times that in no Cd patches; Root diameter for greater than 1 mm, soil depth of 15～20 cm, the root length, root surface area and root volume in the Cd stress patches were 26.94, 52.26 times and 139.33 times that in no Cd patches. The root growth of Vicia faba was alleviated, and the root growth of Sonchus asper was promoted under Cd stress.
A controlled glasshouse experiment was conducted to explore the effects of heterogeneous Cd stress on root growth of Vicia faba and Sonchus asper. The root length, root surface area and root volume were examined. The results showed that the root length, root surface area and root volume of Vicia faba was greater increase in no Cd patches than in the Cd stress patches. The root length, root surface area and root volume of Sonchus asper was greater increase in Cd stress patches than in no Cd patches. When the root diameter of Vicia faba was 0～0.5 mm and the soil depth was 15～20 cm, the root length, root surface area and root volume in no Cd patches were 4.63, 3.14 times and 2.39 times that in the Cd stress patches; Root diameter for 0.5～1 mm and greater than 1 mm, soil depth of 30～35 cm, root length in no Cd patches were 1.69 times and 5.04 times that in the Cd stress patches, root surface area in no Cd patches were 1.78 times and 5.05 times that in the Cd stress patches, root volume in no Cd patches were 1.85 times and 33 times that in the Cd stress patches. When the root diameter of Sonchus asper was 0～0.5 mm and the soil depth was 0～5 cm, the root length, root surface area and root volume in the Cd stress patches were 1.66, 1.36times and 1.57 times that in no Cd patches; Root diameter for 0.5～1 mm, soil depth of 35～40 cm, the root length, root surface area and root volume in the Cd stress patches were 2.86, 2.16 times and 2.81 times that in no Cd patches; Root diameter for greater than 1 mm, soil depth of 15～20 cm, the root length, root surface area and root volume in the Cd stress patches were 26.94, 52.26 times and 139.33 times that in no Cd patches. The root growth of Vicia faba was alleviated, and the root growth of Sonchus asper was promoted under Cd stress.
引文
[1]陈洪,特拉津·那斯尔,杨剑虹.伊犁河流域土壤重金属含量空间分布及其环境现状研究[J].水土保持学报, 2013, 27(3):100-105.CHEN Hong, TE Lajin·NA Si-er, YANG Jian-hong. Study of spatial distribution of heavy metal elements content and its envriroment status in the Ili River valley region[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013, 27(3):100-105.
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[7]骆永明.金属污染土壤的植物修复[J].土壤, 1999, 31(5):261-265.LUO Yong-ming. Plant repair of heavy metal contaminated soil[J].Soils, 1999, 31(5):261-265.
[8]McGrath S P, Zhao F J. Phytoextraction of metals and metalloids from contaminated soils[J]. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2009, 14:277-282.
[9]卫泽斌,吴启堂,龙新宪.利用套种和混合添加剂修复重金属污染土壤[J].农业环境科学学报, 2003, 24(6):1262-1263.WEI Ze-bin, WU Qi-tang, LONG Xin-xian. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with mixed chelators in co-crop system[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2003, 24(6):1262-1263.
[10]李元,方其仙,祖艳群. 2种生态型续断菊对Cd的累积特征研究[J].西北植物学报, 2008, 28(6):1150-1154.LI Yuan, FANG Qi-xian, ZU Yan-qun. Accumulation characteristics of two ecotypes Sonchus asper to Cd[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2008, 28(6):1150-1154.
[11]谭建波,湛方栋,刘宁宁,等.续断菊与蚕豆间作下土壤部分化学特征与Cd形态分布状况研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(1):53-60.TAN Jian-bo, ZHAN Fang-dong, LIU Ning-ning, et al. Soil chemical properties and Cd form distribution in Vicia faba and Sonchus asper intercropping system[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(1):53-60.
[12]秦丽,祖艳群,湛方栋,等.续断菊与玉米间作对作物吸收积累镉的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2013, 32(3):471-477.QIN Li, ZU Yan-qun, ZHAN Fang-dong, et al. Absorption and accumulation of Cd by Sonchus asper and maize in intercropping systems[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013, 32(3):471-477.
[13]谭建波,陈兴,郭先华,等.续断菊与玉米间作系统不同植物部位Cd、Pb分配特征[J].生态环境学报, 2015, 24(4):700-707.TAN Jian-bo, CHEN Xing, GUO Xian-hua, et al. Distribution characteristics of Pb and Cd in different parts of Sonchus asper and Zea mays in an intercropping system[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015, 24(4):700-707.
[14]卢鑫,胡文友,黄标,等.丛枝菌根真菌对玉米和续断菊间作镉吸收和累积的影响[J].土壤, 2017, 49(1):111-117.LU Xin, HU Wen-you, HUANG Biao, et al. Effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)on Cd absorption and accumulation in maize and Sonchus asper using intercropping system[J]. Soils, 2017, 49(1):111-117.
[15]Zhan F D, Qin L, Guo X H, et al. Cadmium and lead accumulation and low-molecular-weight organic acids secreted by roots in an intercropping of a cadmium accumulator Sonchus asper L. with Vicia faba L.[J]. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(40):33240-33248.
[16]Hodge A. The plastic plant:Root responses to heterogeneous supplies of nutrients[J]. New Phytologist, 2011, 162:9-24.
[17]Hauggaard-Nielsena H, J?rnsgaard B, Kinane J, et al. Grain legumecereal intercropping:The practical application of diversity, competition and facilitation in arable and organic cropping systems[J]. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 2012, 23:3-12.
[18]Brooker R W. Plant-plant interactions and environmental change[J].New Phytologist, 2009, 171(2):271-284.
[19]Li Y, Ran W, Zhang R, et al. Facilitated legume nodulation, phosphate uptake and nitrogen transfer by arbuscular inoculation in an upland rice and mung bean intercropping system[J]. Plant and Soil,2009, 315(1):285-296.
[20]刘莹,盖钧镒,吕彗能.作物根系形态与非生物胁迫耐性关系的研究进展[J].植物遗传资源学报, 2003(4):265-269.LIU Ying, GAI Jun-yi, LüHui-neng. Advances of the relationship between crop root morphology and tolerance to antibiotic stress[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2003(4):265-269.
[21]白嵩,李青芝,白岩,等.水体镉污染对水稻种苗初期生长的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报, 2003, 25(2):128-130.BAI Song, LI Qing-zhi, BAI Yan, et al. Effect of water cadmium pollutionon primary growth of rice seedlings[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2003, 25(2):128-130.
[22]Robinson D. The responses of plants to nonuniform supplies of nutrients.[J]. New Phytologist, 1994, 127:635-674.
[23]Rosenvald K, Kuznetsova T, Ostonen I, et al. Rhizosphere effect and fine-root morphological adaptations in a chronosequence of silver birch stands on reclaimed oil shale post-mining areas[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2011, 37(7):1027-1034.
[24]Johnson H A, Biondini M E. Root morphological plasticity and nitrogen uptake of 59 plant species from the Great Plains grasslands, U. S.A.[J]. Basic and Applied Ecology, 2001, 2(2):127-143.
[25]Chen Z, Setagawa M, Kang Y, et al. Zinc and cadmium uptake from a metalliferous soil by a mixed culture of Athyrium yokoscense and Arabis flagellosa[J]. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2009, 55(2):315-324.
[26]居述云,汪洁,宓彦彦,等.重金属污染土壤的伴矿景天/小麦-茄子间作和轮作修复[J].生态学杂志, 2015, 34(8):2181-2186.JU Shu-yun, WANG Jie, MI Yan-yan, et al. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by intercropping with Sedum plumbi zincicola and Triticum aestivum and rotation with Solanum melongena[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2015, 34(8):2181-2186.
[27]李志贤,陈章,陈国梁,等.镉富集植物油菜与玉米间作对玉米吸收积累镉的影响[J].生态学杂志, 2016, 35(1):26-31.LI Zhi-xian, CHEN Zhang, CHEN Guo-liang, et al. Effects of maizerape intercropping on Cd uptake and accumulation by maize[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2016, 35(1):26-31.
[28]赵冰,沈丽波,程苗苗,等.麦季间作伴矿景天对不同土壤小麦-水稻生长及锌镉吸收性的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2011, 22(10):2725-2731.ZHAO Bing, SHEN Li-bo, CHENG Miao-miao, et al. Effects of intercropping Sedum plumbizincicola in wheat growth season under wheatrice rotation on the crops growth and their heavy metals uptake from different soil types[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(10):2725-2731.
[29]秦丽,何永美,李元,等. Cd胁迫对续断菊Cd吸收分配及有机酸代谢的影响[J].环境化学, 2016, 35(8):1592-1600.QIN Li, HE Yong-mei, LI Yuan, et al. Effects of Cd stress on uptake and distribution of Cd and the low molecular weight organic acid metabolism in Sonchus asper[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2016, 35(8):1592-1600.
[2]陈印军,杨俊彦,方琳娜.我国耕地土壤环境质量状况分析[J].中国农业科技导报, 2014, 16(2):14-18.CHEN Yin-jun, YANG Jun-yan, FANG Lin-na. Analysis of soil environmental quality status of arable land in China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2014, 16(2):14-18.
[3]吴荣,刘善江,杜颖.城乡有机废弃物农用资源化研究进展[J].农学学报, 2014, 4(6):45-48.WU Rong, LIU Shan-jiang, DU Ying. Research advances in agricultural reutilization of urban-rural organic wastes[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2014, 4(6):45-48.
[4]李庆,王应军,宗贵仪,等.铈缓解Cd对玉米种子的毒害效应研究[J].稀土, 2013(6):1-6.LI Qing, WANG Ying-jun, ZONG Gui-yi, et al. Moderating effect of cerium on toxic action of cadmium to corn seed[J]. Chinese Rare Earths,2013(6):1-6.
[5]环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[J].中国环保产业, 2014, 36(5):10-11.Ministry of Environment of the People′s Republic of China, Ministry of National Resources of the People′s Republic of China. Report on the national general survey of soil contamination[J]. China Environmental protedim Industry, 2014, 36(5):10-11.
[6]Veltman K, Huijbregts M A J, Hendriks A J. Cadmium bioaccumulation factors for terrestrial species:Application of the mechanistic bioaccu-mulation model OMEGA to explain field data[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2015, 406(3):413-418.
[7]骆永明.金属污染土壤的植物修复[J].土壤, 1999, 31(5):261-265.LUO Yong-ming. Plant repair of heavy metal contaminated soil[J].Soils, 1999, 31(5):261-265.
[8]McGrath S P, Zhao F J. Phytoextraction of metals and metalloids from contaminated soils[J]. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2009, 14:277-282.
[9]卫泽斌,吴启堂,龙新宪.利用套种和混合添加剂修复重金属污染土壤[J].农业环境科学学报, 2003, 24(6):1262-1263.WEI Ze-bin, WU Qi-tang, LONG Xin-xian. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with mixed chelators in co-crop system[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2003, 24(6):1262-1263.
[10]李元,方其仙,祖艳群. 2种生态型续断菊对Cd的累积特征研究[J].西北植物学报, 2008, 28(6):1150-1154.LI Yuan, FANG Qi-xian, ZU Yan-qun. Accumulation characteristics of two ecotypes Sonchus asper to Cd[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2008, 28(6):1150-1154.
[11]谭建波,湛方栋,刘宁宁,等.续断菊与蚕豆间作下土壤部分化学特征与Cd形态分布状况研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(1):53-60.TAN Jian-bo, ZHAN Fang-dong, LIU Ning-ning, et al. Soil chemical properties and Cd form distribution in Vicia faba and Sonchus asper intercropping system[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(1):53-60.
[12]秦丽,祖艳群,湛方栋,等.续断菊与玉米间作对作物吸收积累镉的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2013, 32(3):471-477.QIN Li, ZU Yan-qun, ZHAN Fang-dong, et al. Absorption and accumulation of Cd by Sonchus asper and maize in intercropping systems[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013, 32(3):471-477.
[13]谭建波,陈兴,郭先华,等.续断菊与玉米间作系统不同植物部位Cd、Pb分配特征[J].生态环境学报, 2015, 24(4):700-707.TAN Jian-bo, CHEN Xing, GUO Xian-hua, et al. Distribution characteristics of Pb and Cd in different parts of Sonchus asper and Zea mays in an intercropping system[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2015, 24(4):700-707.
[14]卢鑫,胡文友,黄标,等.丛枝菌根真菌对玉米和续断菊间作镉吸收和累积的影响[J].土壤, 2017, 49(1):111-117.LU Xin, HU Wen-you, HUANG Biao, et al. Effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)on Cd absorption and accumulation in maize and Sonchus asper using intercropping system[J]. Soils, 2017, 49(1):111-117.
[15]Zhan F D, Qin L, Guo X H, et al. Cadmium and lead accumulation and low-molecular-weight organic acids secreted by roots in an intercropping of a cadmium accumulator Sonchus asper L. with Vicia faba L.[J]. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(40):33240-33248.
[16]Hodge A. The plastic plant:Root responses to heterogeneous supplies of nutrients[J]. New Phytologist, 2011, 162:9-24.
[17]Hauggaard-Nielsena H, J?rnsgaard B, Kinane J, et al. Grain legumecereal intercropping:The practical application of diversity, competition and facilitation in arable and organic cropping systems[J]. Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems, 2012, 23:3-12.
[18]Brooker R W. Plant-plant interactions and environmental change[J].New Phytologist, 2009, 171(2):271-284.
[19]Li Y, Ran W, Zhang R, et al. Facilitated legume nodulation, phosphate uptake and nitrogen transfer by arbuscular inoculation in an upland rice and mung bean intercropping system[J]. Plant and Soil,2009, 315(1):285-296.
[20]刘莹,盖钧镒,吕彗能.作物根系形态与非生物胁迫耐性关系的研究进展[J].植物遗传资源学报, 2003(4):265-269.LIU Ying, GAI Jun-yi, LüHui-neng. Advances of the relationship between crop root morphology and tolerance to antibiotic stress[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 2003(4):265-269.
[21]白嵩,李青芝,白岩,等.水体镉污染对水稻种苗初期生长的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报, 2003, 25(2):128-130.BAI Song, LI Qing-zhi, BAI Yan, et al. Effect of water cadmium pollutionon primary growth of rice seedlings[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2003, 25(2):128-130.
[22]Robinson D. The responses of plants to nonuniform supplies of nutrients.[J]. New Phytologist, 1994, 127:635-674.
[23]Rosenvald K, Kuznetsova T, Ostonen I, et al. Rhizosphere effect and fine-root morphological adaptations in a chronosequence of silver birch stands on reclaimed oil shale post-mining areas[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2011, 37(7):1027-1034.
[24]Johnson H A, Biondini M E. Root morphological plasticity and nitrogen uptake of 59 plant species from the Great Plains grasslands, U. S.A.[J]. Basic and Applied Ecology, 2001, 2(2):127-143.
[25]Chen Z, Setagawa M, Kang Y, et al. Zinc and cadmium uptake from a metalliferous soil by a mixed culture of Athyrium yokoscense and Arabis flagellosa[J]. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2009, 55(2):315-324.
[26]居述云,汪洁,宓彦彦,等.重金属污染土壤的伴矿景天/小麦-茄子间作和轮作修复[J].生态学杂志, 2015, 34(8):2181-2186.JU Shu-yun, WANG Jie, MI Yan-yan, et al. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by intercropping with Sedum plumbi zincicola and Triticum aestivum and rotation with Solanum melongena[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2015, 34(8):2181-2186.
[27]李志贤,陈章,陈国梁,等.镉富集植物油菜与玉米间作对玉米吸收积累镉的影响[J].生态学杂志, 2016, 35(1):26-31.LI Zhi-xian, CHEN Zhang, CHEN Guo-liang, et al. Effects of maizerape intercropping on Cd uptake and accumulation by maize[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2016, 35(1):26-31.
[28]赵冰,沈丽波,程苗苗,等.麦季间作伴矿景天对不同土壤小麦-水稻生长及锌镉吸收性的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2011, 22(10):2725-2731.ZHAO Bing, SHEN Li-bo, CHENG Miao-miao, et al. Effects of intercropping Sedum plumbizincicola in wheat growth season under wheatrice rotation on the crops growth and their heavy metals uptake from different soil types[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(10):2725-2731.
[29]秦丽,何永美,李元,等. Cd胁迫对续断菊Cd吸收分配及有机酸代谢的影响[J].环境化学, 2016, 35(8):1592-1600.QIN Li, HE Yong-mei, LI Yuan, et al. Effects of Cd stress on uptake and distribution of Cd and the low molecular weight organic acid metabolism in Sonchus asper[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2016, 35(8):1592-1600.