民勤绿洲边缘不同演替阶段白刺灌丛水分利用动态
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摘要
白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)灌丛是民勤绿洲边缘的建群种,也是绿洲风沙灾害防治的重要天然屏障。水分是干旱区植物生存发展的限制性因子,研究不同演替阶段白刺灌丛水分利用动态对民勤绿洲边缘生态恢复与重建具有重要的理论和实践意义。通过测定白刺灌丛不同季节降水、土壤水、地下水、植物木质部水的稳定氢氧同位素变化特征,结合IsoSource模型,定量分析了不同演替阶段白刺灌丛生长季的水分利用策略。结果表明:不同演替阶段白刺灌丛土壤水分0-200cm垂直分布的季节变化差异明显,土壤水分排序表现为衰退阶段>发育阶段>稳定阶段。5月-9月民勤绿洲大气降水线性方程LMWL为δD=6.59δ~(18)O-4.38,R~2=0.90,n=114。土壤水、地下水、植物水、降水δ~(18)O随季节和演替阶段的变化规律各异。白刺灌丛发育阶段,春季主要利用中层土壤水,夏季和秋季利用地下水。稳定阶段,春季主要利用浅层土壤水分,夏季主要利用降水,秋季主要利用地下水。衰退阶段,春季主要利用深层土壤水,夏季和秋季主要利用地下水。地下水埋深、结皮覆盖度、灌丛与农田之间距离等环境因子以及植株枯枝程度共同影响着不同演替阶段白刺灌丛的水分利用策略。
Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas is the dominant species on the edge of Minqin oasis and an important natural barrier for the prevention and control of wind-sand disaster in oasis. Water is a limiting factor for the survival and development of plants in arid areas. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the water use dynamics of N. tangutorum nebkhas in different succession stages for the ecological restoration and reconstruction of Minqin oasis edge. Through measuring the characteristics of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope changes of precipitation, soil water, ground water and plant xylem water in different seasons, and combining IsoSource model, we quantitatively analyzed the water utilization strategies in the growth seasons of N. tangutorum nebkhas in different succession stages. The results showed that there were significant seasonal differences in the vertical distribution of soil moisture 0-200 cm in N. tangutorum nebkhas at different succession stages. The order of soil moisture in 0-200 cm soil layer was as followed: deterioration stage>early development stage>stable stage. The meteoric water line equation in Minqin oasis from May to September was δD=6.59δ~(18)O-4.38,R~2=0.90,n=114. The δ~(18)O of soil water, groundwater, plant water and precipitation varied with seasons and succession stages. During the development stage, soil water in middle layer was mainly used in spring, and groundwater was used in summer and autumn. In the stable stage, the soil moisture of shallow 0-60 cm was mainly used in spring, precipitation was mainly used in summer and groundwater was mainly used in autumn. In the recession stage, deep soil water was mainly used in spring, and groundwater was mainly used in summer and autumn. Environmental factors such as groundwater depth, crust coverage, distance between shrubs and farmland, and the degree of deadwood affected the water use strategy of N. tangutorum shrubs in different succession stages.
Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas is the dominant species on the edge of Minqin oasis and an important natural barrier for the prevention and control of wind-sand disaster in oasis. Water is a limiting factor for the survival and development of plants in arid areas. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the water use dynamics of N. tangutorum nebkhas in different succession stages for the ecological restoration and reconstruction of Minqin oasis edge. Through measuring the characteristics of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope changes of precipitation, soil water, ground water and plant xylem water in different seasons, and combining IsoSource model, we quantitatively analyzed the water utilization strategies in the growth seasons of N. tangutorum nebkhas in different succession stages. The results showed that there were significant seasonal differences in the vertical distribution of soil moisture 0-200 cm in N. tangutorum nebkhas at different succession stages. The order of soil moisture in 0-200 cm soil layer was as followed: deterioration stage>early development stage>stable stage. The meteoric water line equation in Minqin oasis from May to September was δD=6.59δ~(18)O-4.38,R~2=0.90,n=114. The δ~(18)O of soil water, groundwater, plant water and precipitation varied with seasons and succession stages. During the development stage, soil water in middle layer was mainly used in spring, and groundwater was used in summer and autumn. In the stable stage, the soil moisture of shallow 0-60 cm was mainly used in spring, precipitation was mainly used in summer and groundwater was mainly used in autumn. In the recession stage, deep soil water was mainly used in spring, and groundwater was mainly used in summer and autumn. Environmental factors such as groundwater depth, crust coverage, distance between shrubs and farmland, and the degree of deadwood affected the water use strategy of N. tangutorum shrubs in different succession stages.
引文
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[4]Ellsworth P Z,Williams D G.Hydrogen isotope fractionation during water uptake by woody xerophytes[J].Plant and Soil,2007,291(1):93-107.
[5]陈定帅,董正武,高磊,陈效民,彭新华,司炳成,赵英.不同降水条件下科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿和盐蒿的水分利用动态[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(12):1262-1272.
[6]周雅聃,陈世苹,宋维民,卢琦,林光辉.不同降水条件下两种荒漠植物的水分利用策略[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(8):789-800.
[7]常兆丰,李易珺,张剑挥,王强强,韩福贵,仲生年,张应昌,杨敏.民勤荒漠区4种植物的防风固沙功能对比分析[J].草业科学,2012,29(3):358-363.
[8]王月,李程,李爱德,杨自辉,张清涛,梁晓健,邱国玉.白刺沙堆退化与土壤水分的关系[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1407-1421.
[9]赵鹏,徐先英,屈建军,尉秋实,张进虎,马俊梅,孙涛,吴永梅.民勤绿洲-荒漠过渡带白刺群落空间分布及其环境解释[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(5):1003-1011.
[10]靳虎甲,马全林,张有佳,曾新德.石羊河下游白刺灌丛演替发育过程的土壤呼吸及其影响因素分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(1):140-147.
[11]彭飞,王涛,刘立超,黄翠华.民勤荒漠绿洲过渡带白刺灌丛沙堆演化阶段及其空间格局[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):593-599.
[12]靳虎甲,马全林,何明珠,贾晓红,刘有军,张有佳,李发鸿.石羊河下游白刺灌丛演替过程中群落结构及数量特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(7):2248-2259.
[13]杜建会,严平,展秀丽,俄有浩.民勤绿洲白刺灌丛沙堆不同演化阶段表面抗蚀性及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4):763-768.
[14]马全林,卢琦,魏林源,靳虎甲.干旱荒漠白刺灌丛植被演替过程土壤种子库变化特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(7):2285-2294.
[15]张进虎,唐进年,李得禄,魏林源,满多清,柴成武.民勤荒漠绿洲过渡带灌丛沙堆形态特征及分布格局[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(5):1141-1149.
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[17]朱雅娟,卢琦,吴波,李永华,姚斌,张金鑫.增雨对巴丹吉林沙漠东南缘白刺水分利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):41-48.
[18]Phillips D L,Gregg J W.Source partitioning using stable isotopes:coping with too many sources[J].Oecologia,2003,136(2):261-269.
[19]Phillips D L,Newsome S D,Gregg J W.Combining sources in stable isotope mixing models:alternative methods[J].Oecologia,2005,144(4):520-527.
[20]杜建会,严平,俄有浩,韩富贵.强降雨事件对不同演化阶段白刺灌丛沙堆土壤水分的影响[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(6):20-24.
[21]徐先英,严平,郭树江,柴成武.干旱荒漠区绿洲边缘典型固沙灌木的降水截留特征[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):141-145.
[22]韩胜利,叶冬梅,秦佳琪,田有亮,郭连生.乌兰布和沙漠白刺灌丛土壤水分及物理特性的研究[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(4):90-94.
[23]刘保清,刘志民,钱建强,阿拉木萨,张凤丽,彭新华.科尔沁沙地南缘主要固沙植物旱季水分来源[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(7):2093-2101.
[24]孙祥,于卓.白刺根系的研究[J].中国沙漠,1992,12(4):53-57.
[25]柴成武,徐先英,唐卫东,王方琳,王龙.石羊河流域荒漠区主要固沙植物根系研究[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(4):21-26.
[26]李鸿儒,王继和,蒋志荣,纪永福.白刺沙包发育过程的土壤水分与根系生物量的关系[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2010,45(6):133-138.
[27]周海,郑新军,唐立松,李彦.准噶尔盆地东南缘多枝柽柳、白刺和红砂水分来源的异同[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(7):665-673.
[28]巩国丽,陈辉,段德玉.利用稳定氢氧同位素定量区分白刺水分来源的方法比较[J].生态学报,2011,31(24):7533-7541.
[29]周海,赵文智,何志斌.两种荒漠生境条件下泡泡刺水分来源及其对降水的响应[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(7):2083-2092.
[30]邢星,陈辉,朱建佳,陈同同.柴达木盆地诺木洪地区5种优势荒漠植物水分来源[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6277-6286.
[31]魏亚娟,汪季,党晓宏,张勇,解云虎,沈桂露,丁延龙,万芳.不同生境白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)灌丛沙堆形态特征[J].干旱区研究,2019,36(1):253-261.
[32]徐先英,严平,郭树江,柴成武.干旱荒漠区绿洲边缘典型固沙灌木的降水截留特征[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):141-145.
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