干旱绿洲区3种典型农田防护林的水分来源
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摘要
[目的]研究对农田有重要防护作用的农田防护林在农田节水灌溉模式下的水分利用机制,为本地区农田和农田防护林的优化灌溉提供参考。[方法]利用稳定氧同位素(δ~(18) O)研究干旱绿洲区常见农田防护林胡杨(Populus euphratica)、沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia)和榆树(Ulmus pumila)在农田节水灌溉模式下的水分利用机制,根据直接判断法、IsoSource模型和吸水深度模型3种方法对结果进行了对比分析。[结果]不同时间,不同树种防护林水分利用来源不同。其中4月胡杨主要使用10—20cm的浅层土壤水,贡献率为83.3%;沙枣主要使用80—120cm和120—160cm的深层土壤水,其贡献率分别为50.6%和16.9%;榆树主要使用50—300cm的深层土壤水和地下水,累计贡献率为82.5%;5月胡杨主要利用浅层0—30cm的土壤水,贡献率为57.1%;沙枣和榆树转而利用表层0—10cm的土壤水,其贡献率分别为50.8%和52.7%;6月胡杨利用0—20cm浅层土壤水和地下水,贡献率分别为38.7%和10.5%;沙枣有76.9%的水分来源于10—20cm的浅层土壤;榆树主要水分来源中有49.1%来自于0—80cm,另有12.3%来自于地下水。同时研究得出胡杨4—6月的平均吸水深度分别为18,28,25cm,沙枣的平均吸水深度分别为118,37,34cm;榆树的平均吸水深度分别为95,37,29cm。[结论]选择农田防护林树种时,在保证防护林防护效益的同时,应选择搭配以深层土壤水或地下水为主要水分来源的种类,从而更加高效地发挥农田防护林的防护作用。
[Objective]This paper studied the water use mechanism of farmland shelterbelts with important protection function under the mode of farmland water-saving irrigation,in order to provide a scientific basis for optimizing irrigation of the local farmland and farmland shelterbelt.[Methods]The stable oxygen isotope(δ~(18) O)was used to study the water use mechanism of Populus euphratica,Elaeagnus angustifolia and Ulmus pumilain the arid oasis areas under farmland water-saving irrigation mode.The results were compared and analyzed based on the direct judgment method,IsoSource model and water absorption depth model.[Results]The sources of water use was different for different tree species at vary time.In April,P.euphratica mainly used 10—20 cm of shallow soil water,and its contribution rate was 83.3%.E.angustifolia mainly used deep soil water at 80—120 cm and 120—160 cm depth with contribution rates of 50.6% and 16.9%,respectively.Whereas,82.5% water usage of U.pumila was from 50—300 cm depth of soil water and groundwater.In May,57.1% of water used by P.euphratica was from 0—30 cm shallow soil water.Surface soil water at 0—10 cm soil depth contributed 50.8% and 52.7% for the water usage of E.angustifoliaand U.pumila,respectively.In June,the contribution of water source for P.euphratica usage was 38.7% from 0—20 cm shallow soil,while 10.5% from groundwater.And 76.9% of the water content of E.angustifoliacame from shallow soil of 10—20 cm,49.1% of water usage for U.pumila came from 0—80 cm soil,and another 12.3% from groundwater.The average water absorption depth of P.euphratica was 18,28,25 cm,respectively in April,May and June.For E.angustifolia,it was 118,37,34 cm,respectively.At the same time,it was95,37,29 cm for U.pumila,respectively.[Conclusion]When selecting farmland shelterbelt tree species,while ensuring the protection benefit of shelterbelt,we should choose the species with deep soil water or groundwater as the main water source,so as to exert the protective effect of farmland shelterbelt more efficiently.
[Objective]This paper studied the water use mechanism of farmland shelterbelts with important protection function under the mode of farmland water-saving irrigation,in order to provide a scientific basis for optimizing irrigation of the local farmland and farmland shelterbelt.[Methods]The stable oxygen isotope(δ~(18) O)was used to study the water use mechanism of Populus euphratica,Elaeagnus angustifolia and Ulmus pumilain the arid oasis areas under farmland water-saving irrigation mode.The results were compared and analyzed based on the direct judgment method,IsoSource model and water absorption depth model.[Results]The sources of water use was different for different tree species at vary time.In April,P.euphratica mainly used 10—20 cm of shallow soil water,and its contribution rate was 83.3%.E.angustifolia mainly used deep soil water at 80—120 cm and 120—160 cm depth with contribution rates of 50.6% and 16.9%,respectively.Whereas,82.5% water usage of U.pumila was from 50—300 cm depth of soil water and groundwater.In May,57.1% of water used by P.euphratica was from 0—30 cm shallow soil water.Surface soil water at 0—10 cm soil depth contributed 50.8% and 52.7% for the water usage of E.angustifoliaand U.pumila,respectively.In June,the contribution of water source for P.euphratica usage was 38.7% from 0—20 cm shallow soil,while 10.5% from groundwater.And 76.9% of the water content of E.angustifoliacame from shallow soil of 10—20 cm,49.1% of water usage for U.pumila came from 0—80 cm soil,and another 12.3% from groundwater.The average water absorption depth of P.euphratica was 18,28,25 cm,respectively in April,May and June.For E.angustifolia,it was 118,37,34 cm,respectively.At the same time,it was95,37,29 cm for U.pumila,respectively.[Conclusion]When selecting farmland shelterbelt tree species,while ensuring the protection benefit of shelterbelt,we should choose the species with deep soil water or groundwater as the main water source,so as to exert the protective effect of farmland shelterbelt more efficiently.
引文
[1]周天河,赵成义,吴桂林,等.塔里木河上游胡杨(Populus euphratica)、柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)水分来源的稳定同位素示踪[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(1):124-131.
[2]朱雅娟,赵雪彬,刘艳书,等.青海共和盆地沙柳(Salix psammophila)和乌柳(Salix cheilophila)的水分利用过程[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(2):281-287.
[3]孙双峰,黄建辉,林光辉,等.稳定同位素技术在植物水分利用研究中的应用[J].生态学报,2005,25(9):2362-2371.
[4]汪集旸,陈建生,陆宝宏,等.同位素水文学的若干回顾与展望[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(5):406-413.
[5]龙翔,孙自永,周爱国,等.黑河中游河岸带柽柳水分来源的δ18 O同位素示踪研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):150-155.
[6]Ehleringer J R,Dawson T E.Water uptake by plants:Perspectives from stable isotope composition[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2010,15(9):1073-1082.
[7]段德玉,欧阳华.稳定氢氧同位素在定量区分植物水分利用来源中的应用[J].生态环境学报,2007,16(2):655-660.
[8]White J W C,Cook E R,Lawrence J R,et al.The D/Hratios of sap in trees:Implications for water sources and tree ring D/H ratios[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1985,49(1):237-246.
[9]Romero-saltos H,Sternberg L da S L,Moreira M Z,et al.Rainfall exclusion in an eastern amazonian forest alters soil water movement and depth of water uptake[J].American Journal of Botany,2005,92(3):443-455.
[10]赵良菊,肖洪浪,程国栋,等.黑河下游河岸林植物水分来源初步研究[J].地球学报,2008,29(6):709-718.
[11]朱雅娟,贾志清,卢琦,等.乌兰布和沙漠5种灌木的水分利用策略[J].林业科学,2010,46(4):15-21.
[12]邢星,陈辉,朱建佳,等.柴达木盆地诺木洪地区5种优势荒漠植物水分来源[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6277-6286.
[13]邓文平,余新晓,贾国栋,等.雨季北京山区3种典型植物的水分来源[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(4):649-657.
[14]陈启民,罗青红,宁虎森,等.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘不同林龄人工梭梭林主林层和更新层特征[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):1-10.
[15]刘树宝,陈亚宁,陈亚鹏,等.基于稳定同位素技术的黑河下游不同林龄胡杨的吸水深度研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):729-739.
[16]朱雅娟,贾志清,刘丽颖,等.民勤绿洲外围不同林龄人工梭梭林的土壤水分特征[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):442-446.
[17]刘丽颖,贾志清,朱雅娟,等.高寒沙地不同林龄中间锦鸡儿的水分利用策略[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(5):119-125.
[18]曾巧,马剑英.黑河流域不同生境植物水分来源及环境指示意义[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(1):148-115.
[19]刘凤芹,陈波,高琛,等.降水对沙地杨树人工林水分利用的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(10):165-170.
[20]周雅聃,陈世苹,宋维民,等.不同降水条件下两种荒漠植物的水分利用策略[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(8):789-800.
[21]于颖,杨曦光,范文义.农田防护林防风效能的遥感评价[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(24):177-182.
[22]付亚星,王乐,彭帅,等.河北坝上农田防护林防风效能及类型配置研究:以河北省康保县为例[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(3):279-283.
[23]郑晓,朱教君,闫妍.三北地区农田防护林面积的多尺度遥感估算[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(5):1355-1363.
[24]胡荣梅,程乐文,赵康强,等.新疆农田防护林营造技术与气象条件分析[J].农业与技术,2006,26(3):115-119.
[25]王玉阳,陈亚鹏,李卫红,等.塔里木河下游典型荒漠河岸植物水分来源[J].中国沙漠,2017(6):1150-1157.
[26]徐海量,樊自立,禹朴家,等.新疆玛纳斯河流域生态补偿研究[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(5):775-783.
[27]邓文平,余新晓,贾国栋,等.利用稳定氢氧同位素定量区分栓皮栎旱季水分来源的方法比较[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2013,21(3):412-422.
[28]巩国丽,陈辉,段德玉.利用稳定氢氧同位素定量区分白刺水分来源的方法比较[J].生态学报,2011,31(24):7533-7541.
[29]周天河,赵成义,俞永祥,等.基于稳定氢氧同位素的胡杨与柽柳幼苗水分来源研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):241-246.
[30]褚建民.干旱区植物的水分选择性利用研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007.
[2]朱雅娟,赵雪彬,刘艳书,等.青海共和盆地沙柳(Salix psammophila)和乌柳(Salix cheilophila)的水分利用过程[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(2):281-287.
[3]孙双峰,黄建辉,林光辉,等.稳定同位素技术在植物水分利用研究中的应用[J].生态学报,2005,25(9):2362-2371.
[4]汪集旸,陈建生,陆宝宏,等.同位素水文学的若干回顾与展望[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(5):406-413.
[5]龙翔,孙自永,周爱国,等.黑河中游河岸带柽柳水分来源的δ18 O同位素示踪研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):150-155.
[6]Ehleringer J R,Dawson T E.Water uptake by plants:Perspectives from stable isotope composition[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2010,15(9):1073-1082.
[7]段德玉,欧阳华.稳定氢氧同位素在定量区分植物水分利用来源中的应用[J].生态环境学报,2007,16(2):655-660.
[8]White J W C,Cook E R,Lawrence J R,et al.The D/Hratios of sap in trees:Implications for water sources and tree ring D/H ratios[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1985,49(1):237-246.
[9]Romero-saltos H,Sternberg L da S L,Moreira M Z,et al.Rainfall exclusion in an eastern amazonian forest alters soil water movement and depth of water uptake[J].American Journal of Botany,2005,92(3):443-455.
[10]赵良菊,肖洪浪,程国栋,等.黑河下游河岸林植物水分来源初步研究[J].地球学报,2008,29(6):709-718.
[11]朱雅娟,贾志清,卢琦,等.乌兰布和沙漠5种灌木的水分利用策略[J].林业科学,2010,46(4):15-21.
[12]邢星,陈辉,朱建佳,等.柴达木盆地诺木洪地区5种优势荒漠植物水分来源[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6277-6286.
[13]邓文平,余新晓,贾国栋,等.雨季北京山区3种典型植物的水分来源[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(4):649-657.
[14]陈启民,罗青红,宁虎森,等.古尔班通古特沙漠南缘不同林龄人工梭梭林主林层和更新层特征[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):1-10.
[15]刘树宝,陈亚宁,陈亚鹏,等.基于稳定同位素技术的黑河下游不同林龄胡杨的吸水深度研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(3):729-739.
[16]朱雅娟,贾志清,刘丽颖,等.民勤绿洲外围不同林龄人工梭梭林的土壤水分特征[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(2):442-446.
[17]刘丽颖,贾志清,朱雅娟,等.高寒沙地不同林龄中间锦鸡儿的水分利用策略[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(5):119-125.
[18]曾巧,马剑英.黑河流域不同生境植物水分来源及环境指示意义[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(1):148-115.
[19]刘凤芹,陈波,高琛,等.降水对沙地杨树人工林水分利用的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(10):165-170.
[20]周雅聃,陈世苹,宋维民,等.不同降水条件下两种荒漠植物的水分利用策略[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(8):789-800.
[21]于颖,杨曦光,范文义.农田防护林防风效能的遥感评价[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(24):177-182.
[22]付亚星,王乐,彭帅,等.河北坝上农田防护林防风效能及类型配置研究:以河北省康保县为例[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(3):279-283.
[23]郑晓,朱教君,闫妍.三北地区农田防护林面积的多尺度遥感估算[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(5):1355-1363.
[24]胡荣梅,程乐文,赵康强,等.新疆农田防护林营造技术与气象条件分析[J].农业与技术,2006,26(3):115-119.
[25]王玉阳,陈亚鹏,李卫红,等.塔里木河下游典型荒漠河岸植物水分来源[J].中国沙漠,2017(6):1150-1157.
[26]徐海量,樊自立,禹朴家,等.新疆玛纳斯河流域生态补偿研究[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(5):775-783.
[27]邓文平,余新晓,贾国栋,等.利用稳定氢氧同位素定量区分栓皮栎旱季水分来源的方法比较[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2013,21(3):412-422.
[28]巩国丽,陈辉,段德玉.利用稳定氢氧同位素定量区分白刺水分来源的方法比较[J].生态学报,2011,31(24):7533-7541.
[29]周天河,赵成义,俞永祥,等.基于稳定氢氧同位素的胡杨与柽柳幼苗水分来源研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):241-246.
[30]褚建民.干旱区植物的水分选择性利用研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007.
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