等离子体熔融危废焚烧灰渣中试试验研究
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摘要
为等离子技术装备开发提供具有工程应用价值的数据,采用中试规模的直流等离子体炉对危废焚烧灰渣进行高温熔融处理,考察了开弧、埋弧等对熔融特性的影响,研究了熔渣的组成、微观结构、重金属浸出特性及二次飞灰的特性和产生机理,并测算了熔融处理单位质量灰渣的能耗。结果表明,埋弧和开弧操作对熔渣的成分和晶体结构影响不大。但是,与开弧相比,埋弧操作利用了电阻、电弧加热熔渣,提高热效率,熔融单位质量灰渣的能耗为0.709 k W·h/kg。熔渣中的重金属浸出质量浓度远低于国家标准限值;二次飞灰的产率为7.5%,其主要成分为NaCl。
To provide key data of engineering application for the equipment development of ash and slag treatment by plasma technology. The hazardous waste incineration ash and slag was melted with a pilot scale direct current plasma furnace. The effects of open arc and submerged arc on melting characteristics,and the composition,microstructure,leaching characteristics of heavy metal and characteristics and mechanism of secondary fly ash were analyzed,and the energy consumption was calculated. According to the test,submerged arc and open arc operation have little influence on the composition and crystal structure of slag. However,compared with the open arc operation,the submerged arc operation utilizes the resistance and arc heating slag to increase the thermal efficiency,and energy consumption of fly ash and slag was 0.709 k W·h/kg.The leaching mass concentration of heavy metals in molten slag is much lower than the national standard limit. The production of secondary fly ash was 7.5%,with Na Cl as its major components.
To provide key data of engineering application for the equipment development of ash and slag treatment by plasma technology. The hazardous waste incineration ash and slag was melted with a pilot scale direct current plasma furnace. The effects of open arc and submerged arc on melting characteristics,and the composition,microstructure,leaching characteristics of heavy metal and characteristics and mechanism of secondary fly ash were analyzed,and the energy consumption was calculated. According to the test,submerged arc and open arc operation have little influence on the composition and crystal structure of slag. However,compared with the open arc operation,the submerged arc operation utilizes the resistance and arc heating slag to increase the thermal efficiency,and energy consumption of fly ash and slag was 0.709 k W·h/kg.The leaching mass concentration of heavy metals in molten slag is much lower than the national standard limit. The production of secondary fly ash was 7.5%,with Na Cl as its major components.
引文
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[21]蒋光旭,常威.生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的处置及应用概况[J].浙江工业大学学报,2015,43(1):7-17.
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[24]LIN X,PENG Z,YAN J,et al.Pyrometallurgical Recycling of Electric Arc Furnace Dust[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,149:1079-1100.
[25]KINTO K.Ash Melting System and Reuse of Products by Arc Processing[J].Waste Management,1996,16(5-6):423-430.
[26]及占林,张连君,袁续阳,等.150吨电弧炉泡沫渣冶炼技术[C]//中国金属学会青年学术年会.武夷山:[出版者不详],2010.
[27]FéACUTE,LóACUTE L A,PEZ A LóACUTE,et al.Enhancement of Electric Arc Furnace Dust by Recycling to Electric Arc Furnace[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2002,128(12):1169-1174.
[2]郭玉文,王伟,乔玮,等.危险废物焚烧飞灰中重金属污染特性[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,28(1):17-21.
[3]李华,司马菁珂,罗启仕,等.危险废物焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定化处理[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(10):3740-3746.
[4]张文超,李殿秀,陈胜杰,等.危险废物焚烧飞灰的稳定化研究[J].河南化工,2016,33(9):37-39.
[5]邓燚超,李建新,袁镇福.垃圾焚烧飞灰的无害化处理技术[J].电站系统工程,2007,23(4):1-4.
[6]张绍坤.危险废物焚烧飞灰固化处理技术应用探讨[J].中国环保产业,2012(3):16-19.
[7]黄千纹.利用炼钢电弧炉熔融处理垃圾焚化飞灰之效益评估[M].台湾:中国台湾中山大学环境工程研究所,2005.
[8]CEDZYNSKA K,KOLACINSKI Z,IZYDORCZYK M.Plasma Vitrification of Waste Incinerator Ashes[J].The State Committee of Scientific Research,1999(3):514.
[9]KATOU K,ASOU T,KURAUCHI Y,et al.Melting Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Residue by Plasma Melting Furnace With a Graphite Electrode[J].Thin Solid Films,2001,386(2):183-188.
[10]SURMA J E,COHN D R,SMATLAK D L,et al.Graphite Electrode Dc Arc Technology Development for Treatment of Buried Wastes[J].Environmentalences,1993.
[11]丁恩振,丁家亮.等离子体弧熔融裂解:危险废弃物处理前沿技术[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2009.
[12]SAKAI S I,HIRAOKA M.Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Residue Recycling by Thermal Processes[J].Waste Management,2000,20(2):249-258.
[13]TZENG C C,KUO Y Y,HUANG T F,et al.Treatment of Radioactive Wastes by Plasma Incineration and Vitrification for Final Disposal[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,1998,58(1-3):207-220.
[14]SAKANO M,TANAKA M,WATANABE T.Application of Radio-frequency Thermal Plasmas to Treatment of Fly Ash[J].Thin Solid Films,2001,386(2):189-194.
[15]杨德宇,俞建荣.等离子体熔融气化技术处理废弃物的研究[J].新技术新工艺,2014(2):106-109.
[16]黄文有,孟月东,陈明周,等.等离子体熔融生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中试试验[J].环境工程技术学报,2016,6(5):501-508.
[17]秦学武,宋灿阳,阎媛媛.高炉高铝炉渣性能研究[J].山东冶金,2006,28(1):29-32.
[18]张金龙,李要建,王贵金,等.垃圾焚烧飞灰玻璃化的控制参数[J].燃烧科学与技术,2012,18(2):185-191.
[19]PARK K,JANGSOO HYUN J,MAKEN S,et al.Vitrification of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Fly Ash Using Brown’s Gas[J].Energy&Fuels,2009,19(1):258-262.
[20]CHENG T W,CHU J P,TZENG C C,et al.Treatment and Recycling of Incinerated Ash Using Thermal Plasma Technology[J].Waste Management,2002,22(5):485-90.
[21]蒋光旭,常威.生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的处置及应用概况[J].浙江工业大学学报,2015,43(1):7-17.
[22]KEISUKE N,MITSUHIRO T,HIROSHI Y,et al.Heavy Metals Recovery System for Dust from NKK Electric-resistance Furnace[J].NKK Technical Review,2001,84:8-15.
[23]田书磊.垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属热分离工艺及挥发特性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2007.
[24]LIN X,PENG Z,YAN J,et al.Pyrometallurgical Recycling of Electric Arc Furnace Dust[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,149:1079-1100.
[25]KINTO K.Ash Melting System and Reuse of Products by Arc Processing[J].Waste Management,1996,16(5-6):423-430.
[26]及占林,张连君,袁续阳,等.150吨电弧炉泡沫渣冶炼技术[C]//中国金属学会青年学术年会.武夷山:[出版者不详],2010.
[27]FéACUTE,LóACUTE L A,PEZ A LóACUTE,et al.Enhancement of Electric Arc Furnace Dust by Recycling to Electric Arc Furnace[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2002,128(12):1169-1174.
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