化纤生产企业消防应急处置能力评估方法研究
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摘要
化纤企业火灾爆炸事故具有灭火救援处置难度大、灭火时间长、消防力量及装备物资的需求量大、固定消防系统及设施使用率低的特点,往往引发事故连锁效应,造成惨重的人员伤亡和财产损失.针对化纤企业普遍缺乏长效、动态、全面的消防应急处置评估机制的现状,基于典型事故案例消防应急处置特点的归纳总结,提出了消防系统完整性、可靠性和有效性概念,并对这3个评估指标进行量化分析,构建了消防系统应急处置能力评估方法,实现了企业消防应急处置能力级别化.将评估方法应用到某化纤企业罐区消防系统应急处置能力评估中,验证了模型的实用性和可操作性,并为企业进行火灾风险管理和应急处置提供了重要的决策依据,提升企业的安全风险防范能力.
The fire and explosion accidents of chemical fiber enterprises have trouble in fire-fighting and rescuing, along with long fire-fighting time, large demand for fire-fighting power and equipment, and low utilization rate of fixed fire-fighting systems and facilities, which often lead to accidental chain effects and cause heavy casualties so as to property damage. From the perspective of the current lack of longterm, dynamic and comprehensive fire emergency response assessment mechanism for chemical fiber enterprises, the concept of fire system integrity, reliability and effectiveness which is based on the summary of typical emergency case fire emergency response features was proposed. The three evaluation indicators were quantitatively analyzed, and the fire system emergency response capability assessment method was constructed to realize the level of enterprise fire emergency response capability. The evaluation method was applied to the emergency response capability of the fire protection system in a chemical fiber tank farm, the practicability and operability of the model was verified, and an important decision-making basis for the enterprise to conduct fire risk management and emergency response was provided, and the enterprise's security can be upgraded.
The fire and explosion accidents of chemical fiber enterprises have trouble in fire-fighting and rescuing, along with long fire-fighting time, large demand for fire-fighting power and equipment, and low utilization rate of fixed fire-fighting systems and facilities, which often lead to accidental chain effects and cause heavy casualties so as to property damage. From the perspective of the current lack of longterm, dynamic and comprehensive fire emergency response assessment mechanism for chemical fiber enterprises, the concept of fire system integrity, reliability and effectiveness which is based on the summary of typical emergency case fire emergency response features was proposed. The three evaluation indicators were quantitatively analyzed, and the fire system emergency response capability assessment method was constructed to realize the level of enterprise fire emergency response capability. The evaluation method was applied to the emergency response capability of the fire protection system in a chemical fiber tank farm, the practicability and operability of the model was verified, and an important decision-making basis for the enterprise to conduct fire risk management and emergency response was provided, and the enterprise's security can be upgraded.
引文
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2曾明荣,吴宗之,魏利军,等.化工园区应急管理模式研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,19(2):172-176.
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5梁伟.化工园区事故应急能力综合评价方法研究[J].化工管理,2015(14):244-244.
6王陶冶.石化企业应急管理能力评价实证研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学管理学院,2015.
7李健,白晓昀,任正中,等.2011-2013年我国危险化学品事故统计分析及对策研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,6(10):142-147.
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10蒋国辉,张晓明,闫春晖,等.国内外储罐事故案例及储罐标准修改建议[J].油气储运,2013,32(6):76-80.
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12杜红岩,王延平,卢均臣.2012年国内外石油化工行业事故统计分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(6):184-188.
13周俊良,张宏宇.石油化工单位火灾扑救战法实战效能分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(1):174-178.
14郎需庆,陶彬,张玉平,等.成品油油库消防系统可靠性检测与评估研究[J].消防技术与产品信息,2014(9):13-15.
15孙玉平,韩晓波,顾向兵,等.石化企业稳高压消防给水系统可靠性分析与对策[J].消防技术与产品信息,2008(10):32-35.
16 Khakzad N,Reniers G,Landucci G.Application of Bayesian Network to Safety Assessment of Chemical Plants during Fire-induced Domino Effects[M].Risk,Reliability and Safety:Innovating Theory and Practice,2016.
17任常兴.大型浮顶储罐区消防系统有效性分析[J].消防科学与技术,2014,33(1):76-79.
18邢志祥,赵垒.火灾环境下LPG储罐冷却防护的研究进展[J].消防科学与技术,2013(5):508-519.
19任常兴,王婕,张欣,等.罐壁式泡沫系统扑救密封圈火灾试验研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013(11):43-47.
20张网,李晋,任常兴,等.石油储罐泡沫系统有效性研究[J].消防科学与技术,2013,32(1):43-46.
21田宏.消防系统的有效性和可靠性[J].消防技术与产品信息,2015(4):71-73.
22张清林,任常兴,李晋,等.大型浮顶油罐密封圈火灾泡沫灭火试验[J].消防科学与技术,2013,32(12):1 373-1 376.
2曾明荣,吴宗之,魏利军,等.化工园区应急管理模式研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2009,19(2):172-176.
3于德利.化学工业园区应急能力评估体系研究[D].大连:大连理工大学管理学院,2010.
4宁绪成.典型石油化工装置火灾和泄漏事故应急救援预案评价程序研究[D].北京:中国石油大学化学工程学院,2010.
5梁伟.化工园区事故应急能力综合评价方法研究[J].化工管理,2015(14):244-244.
6王陶冶.石化企业应急管理能力评价实证研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学管理学院,2015.
7李健,白晓昀,任正中,等.2011-2013年我国危险化学品事故统计分析及对策研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2014,6(10):142-147.
8赵来军,吴萍,许科.我国危险化学品事故统计分析及对策研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2009,19(7):165-170.
9吴宗之,张圣柱,张悦,等.2006-2010年我国危险化学品事故统计分析研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,7(7):5-9.
10蒋国辉,张晓明,闫春晖,等.国内外储罐事故案例及储罐标准修改建议[J].油气储运,2013,32(6):76-80.
11张清林,张网,任常兴,等.国内外石油储罐典型案例剖析[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2014.
12杜红岩,王延平,卢均臣.2012年国内外石油化工行业事故统计分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(6):184-188.
13周俊良,张宏宇.石油化工单位火灾扑救战法实战效能分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013,9(1):174-178.
14郎需庆,陶彬,张玉平,等.成品油油库消防系统可靠性检测与评估研究[J].消防技术与产品信息,2014(9):13-15.
15孙玉平,韩晓波,顾向兵,等.石化企业稳高压消防给水系统可靠性分析与对策[J].消防技术与产品信息,2008(10):32-35.
16 Khakzad N,Reniers G,Landucci G.Application of Bayesian Network to Safety Assessment of Chemical Plants during Fire-induced Domino Effects[M].Risk,Reliability and Safety:Innovating Theory and Practice,2016.
17任常兴.大型浮顶储罐区消防系统有效性分析[J].消防科学与技术,2014,33(1):76-79.
18邢志祥,赵垒.火灾环境下LPG储罐冷却防护的研究进展[J].消防科学与技术,2013(5):508-519.
19任常兴,王婕,张欣,等.罐壁式泡沫系统扑救密封圈火灾试验研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2013(11):43-47.
20张网,李晋,任常兴,等.石油储罐泡沫系统有效性研究[J].消防科学与技术,2013,32(1):43-46.
21田宏.消防系统的有效性和可靠性[J].消防技术与产品信息,2015(4):71-73.
22张清林,任常兴,李晋,等.大型浮顶油罐密封圈火灾泡沫灭火试验[J].消防科学与技术,2013,32(12):1 373-1 376.