宋教仁民主共和思想的历史逻辑及其制度设计
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摘要
宋教仁是近代为民主共和牺牲的第一人。宋教仁民族革命思想经历了由简单的"夷夏"之辨到揭露、批判满清专制统治,直至以革命手段推翻的演变,中间没有经历孙中山等人那样的改良阶段。流亡、留学日本期间,宋教仁注意观察并研究西方政治,并确立了民主革命思想。宋教仁民主共和思想受到孙中山的影响,但有自己的特点,如主张责任内阁制、两党制等等。
Song Jiaoren is the first person to sacrifice for the democratic republic in modern times Song Jiaoren's national revolutionary thought experienced from a simple "Yi Xia" discernment to criticism of the Qing Dynasty autocratic rule until the revolutionary means to overthrow the Qing Dynasty.And the evolution of the middle did not experience Sun Yat-sen and others as the improvement stage.In exile and studying in Japan,Song Jiaoren observed and studied Western politics,and established the democratic revolutionary thought.Song Jiaoren's democratic republic thought was influenced by Sun Yat-sen,but had his own characteristics,such as advocating the responsibility of the cabinet system,the two-party system,and so on.
Song Jiaoren is the first person to sacrifice for the democratic republic in modern times Song Jiaoren's national revolutionary thought experienced from a simple "Yi Xia" discernment to criticism of the Qing Dynasty autocratic rule until the revolutionary means to overthrow the Qing Dynasty.And the evolution of the middle did not experience Sun Yat-sen and others as the improvement stage.In exile and studying in Japan,Song Jiaoren observed and studied Western politics,and established the democratic revolutionary thought.Song Jiaoren's democratic republic thought was influenced by Sun Yat-sen,but had his own characteristics,such as advocating the responsibility of the cabinet system,the two-party system,and so on.
引文
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[2]陈毖涛.记宋教仁[C]//民国风云人物(一).合肥:安徽人民出版社,2000.
[3]星林,立春.宋教仁与黄兴比较研究略论[J].武陵学刊,1995(5):18.
[4]宋教仁.汉族侵略史略史·叙例[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[5]宋教仁.清太后之宪政谈[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[6]宋教仁.中国古宪法复活[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[7]蔡元培.我之历史序[C]//高叔平.蔡元培全集:第3卷.北京:中华书局,1984.
[8]宋教仁.国民党湘支部欢迎会演说词[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[9]宋教仁.我之历史//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(下册).北京:中华书局,2011.
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[11]宋教仁.中国同盟会中部总会章程[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[12]宋教仁.论都察院宜改革为惩戒裁判所[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[13]宋教仁.组织全国会议通告书[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).2011.
[14]宋教仁.希望立宪者其失望矣[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[15]黄中恺.辛壬见闻录[C]//阳海清,孙式礼.辛亥革命稀见史料汇编.北京:中华全国图书馆文献缩微复制中心,1997.
[16]宋教仁.日本内阁更迭感言[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[17]居正.梅川日记[C]//罗福惠.居正文集上.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,1989.
[18]陈毖涛.记宋教仁[C]//民国风云人物(一).合肥:安徽人民出版社,2000.
[19]蔡寄鸥.鄂州血案[M].北京:龙门联合书局,1958.
[20]中国社科院近代史所.孙中山全集:第三卷[M].北京:中华书局,1984.
[21]宋教仁.近日各政党之政纲评[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[22]宋教仁.英国之国会革命[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[23]宋教仁.致北京各报馆书[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(下册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[24]宋教仁.国民党沪交通部欢迎会演说词[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(下册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[2]陈毖涛.记宋教仁[C]//民国风云人物(一).合肥:安徽人民出版社,2000.
[3]星林,立春.宋教仁与黄兴比较研究略论[J].武陵学刊,1995(5):18.
[4]宋教仁.汉族侵略史略史·叙例[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[5]宋教仁.清太后之宪政谈[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[6]宋教仁.中国古宪法复活[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[7]蔡元培.我之历史序[C]//高叔平.蔡元培全集:第3卷.北京:中华书局,1984.
[8]宋教仁.国民党湘支部欢迎会演说词[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[9]宋教仁.我之历史//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(下册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[10]宋教仁.论近日政府之倒行逆施[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[11]宋教仁.中国同盟会中部总会章程[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[12]宋教仁.论都察院宜改革为惩戒裁判所[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[13]宋教仁.组织全国会议通告书[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).2011.
[14]宋教仁.希望立宪者其失望矣[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[15]黄中恺.辛壬见闻录[C]//阳海清,孙式礼.辛亥革命稀见史料汇编.北京:中华全国图书馆文献缩微复制中心,1997.
[16]宋教仁.日本内阁更迭感言[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[17]居正.梅川日记[C]//罗福惠.居正文集上.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,1989.
[18]陈毖涛.记宋教仁[C]//民国风云人物(一).合肥:安徽人民出版社,2000.
[19]蔡寄鸥.鄂州血案[M].北京:龙门联合书局,1958.
[20]中国社科院近代史所.孙中山全集:第三卷[M].北京:中华书局,1984.
[21]宋教仁.近日各政党之政纲评[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[22]宋教仁.英国之国会革命[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(上册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[23]宋教仁.致北京各报馆书[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(下册).北京:中华书局,2011.
[24]宋教仁.国民党沪交通部欢迎会演说词[C]//陈旭麓.宋教仁集(下册).北京:中华书局,2011.