联合收获机脱粒滚筒凹板间隙调节装置设计与试验
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摘要
为解决联合收获机在田间作业时因喂入量波动而导致作业性能下降及脱粒滚筒堵塞等问题,用凹板筛后侧油缸油压力表征脱粒滚筒负荷,设计了由凹板间隙调节系统和凹板筛后侧油压力采集系统组成的脱粒滚筒负荷监测和凹板间隙调节装置。田间试验中,采用油压传感器测量凹板筛后侧油压力,并通过STM32单片机对测得的油压信号进行采集并保存,分别分析了喂入量和凹板间隙对油压力以及脱粒分离性能的影响。结果表明,凹板筛后侧油缸油压力和脱粒分离损失率随喂入量增大而增大,喂入量从3.4 kg/s增大到6.0 kg/s时,凹板筛后侧油缸油压力从732 N增加到1 114 N,脱粒分离总损失率由0.54%增加到1.08%。在额定喂入量为6.0 kg/s条件下,凹板筛后侧左右两个油缸的油压波动范围为450~660 N,且两侧油缸压力一致。另外,凹板筛后侧油缸油压力随凹板间隙增大而减小,脱粒分离总损失率随着凹板间隙的增大而增大,凹板间隙从35 mm增大到45 mm时,凹板筛后侧油缸油压力从1 114 N降到758 N,脱粒分离总损失率由1.08%增加到1.31%。在喂入量为6.0 kg/s、凹板间隙为35 mm时,脱粒分离总损失率仅为1.08%,整机性能最佳,此时凹板筛后侧油缸油压力的变化范围为900~1 320 N。
To solve problems, such as threshing cylinder blockage and the decline of operating performance caused by feeding rates fluctuation in the field,the device for adjusting concave clearance and monitoring threshing cylinder load was designed. The designed device and system consisted of concave clearance adjusting system and the oil pressure monitoring system on the rear side of the concave. The oil pressure on the rear side of the concave was used to reflect the threshing cylinder load.During the field test, the oil pressure on the rear side of concave was monitored. The STM32 microcontroller was used to collect and preserve the signal of oil pressure signal on the rear side of concave. During the field test,the relationship between the oil pressure and the feeding rates was analyzed. The influence of concave clearance on the oil pressure on the rear side of concave was analyzed in detail. The results verified that the designed concave clearance adjustment device can adjust the concave clearance rapidly and stably. The displacement sensor can display concave clearance in realtime. The adjustment range of concave clearance was 35 ~ 60 mm,the speed of the hydraulic cylinder can be adjusted in the range of 0 ~ 10 mm/s. The oil pressure on the rear side of the concave tended to increase with the increase of feeding rates. The function relationship between the oil pressure on the rear side of the concave and the feed rates was obtained by analyzing the obtained experimental data,and the corresponding correlation coefficient was 0. 981 3,which indicated that the function was consistent with the theoretical analysis. It was verified that the threshing and separating loss was increased with the increase of feeding rates. More concretely,when the feeding rate was increased from 3. 4 kg/s to 6. 0 kg/s,the oil pressure on the rear side of the concave was increased from 732 N to 1 114 N,and the threshingand separating loss was increased from 0. 54% to 1. 08%. Under the rated feeding rates(6. 0 kg/s),when the crop was evenly fed,the hydraulic pressure of the left and right cylinders was fluctuated in the range of 450 ~ 660 N,the pressure change of the left and right cylinder was consistent with each other.The oil pressure on the rear side of concave tended to decrease as the concave clearance was increased.The threshing and separating loss was increased as the increase of concave clearance. In case that the concave clearance was increased from 35 mm to 45 mm,the oil pressure on rear side of concave was decreased from 1 114 N to 758 N,and the threshing and separating loss was increased from 1. 08% to1. 31%. It proved that it was feasible to reduce the threshing cylinder load by increasing the concave clearance. Under the conditions that the feeding rate was 6. 0 kg/s and concave clearance was 35 mm,the threshing and separating system had the best performance,the corresponding pressure on rear side of concave was 900 ~ 1 320 N. The concave clearance adjust device can achieve a fast and stable regulation which provided a scientific basis for adjusting the concave clearance automatically according to the load of threshing cylinder load.
To solve problems, such as threshing cylinder blockage and the decline of operating performance caused by feeding rates fluctuation in the field,the device for adjusting concave clearance and monitoring threshing cylinder load was designed. The designed device and system consisted of concave clearance adjusting system and the oil pressure monitoring system on the rear side of the concave. The oil pressure on the rear side of the concave was used to reflect the threshing cylinder load.During the field test, the oil pressure on the rear side of concave was monitored. The STM32 microcontroller was used to collect and preserve the signal of oil pressure signal on the rear side of concave. During the field test,the relationship between the oil pressure and the feeding rates was analyzed. The influence of concave clearance on the oil pressure on the rear side of concave was analyzed in detail. The results verified that the designed concave clearance adjustment device can adjust the concave clearance rapidly and stably. The displacement sensor can display concave clearance in realtime. The adjustment range of concave clearance was 35 ~ 60 mm,the speed of the hydraulic cylinder can be adjusted in the range of 0 ~ 10 mm/s. The oil pressure on the rear side of the concave tended to increase with the increase of feeding rates. The function relationship between the oil pressure on the rear side of the concave and the feed rates was obtained by analyzing the obtained experimental data,and the corresponding correlation coefficient was 0. 981 3,which indicated that the function was consistent with the theoretical analysis. It was verified that the threshing and separating loss was increased with the increase of feeding rates. More concretely,when the feeding rate was increased from 3. 4 kg/s to 6. 0 kg/s,the oil pressure on the rear side of the concave was increased from 732 N to 1 114 N,and the threshingand separating loss was increased from 0. 54% to 1. 08%. Under the rated feeding rates(6. 0 kg/s),when the crop was evenly fed,the hydraulic pressure of the left and right cylinders was fluctuated in the range of 450 ~ 660 N,the pressure change of the left and right cylinder was consistent with each other.The oil pressure on the rear side of concave tended to decrease as the concave clearance was increased.The threshing and separating loss was increased as the increase of concave clearance. In case that the concave clearance was increased from 35 mm to 45 mm,the oil pressure on rear side of concave was decreased from 1 114 N to 758 N,and the threshing and separating loss was increased from 1. 08% to1. 31%. It proved that it was feasible to reduce the threshing cylinder load by increasing the concave clearance. Under the conditions that the feeding rate was 6. 0 kg/s and concave clearance was 35 mm,the threshing and separating system had the best performance,the corresponding pressure on rear side of concave was 900 ~ 1 320 N. The concave clearance adjust device can achieve a fast and stable regulation which provided a scientific basis for adjusting the concave clearance automatically according to the load of threshing cylinder load.
引文
1张洪宇,尚连生.联合收获机堵塞的故障排除[J].山东农机化,2017(2):44.
2迟福杰,范海波,杜满珍.浅析联合收获机堵塞故障处理及预防措施[J].农业与技术,2017,37(4):56.
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5 LIANG Xuexiu,CHEN Zhi,ZHAO Bo,et al.Research on combine harvester threshing cylinder operating parameter monitoring system[C]∥Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.Proceedings of the World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation(WCICA),2015:2170-2173.
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7卢文涛,张东兴,邓志刚.联合收获机脱粒滚筒的PID恒负荷控制[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(5):49-51,55.LU Wentao,ZHANG Dongxing,DENG Zhigang.Constant load PID-control of threshing cylinder in combine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(5):49-51,55.(in Chinese)
8梁学修,陈志,张小超,等.联合收获机喂入量在线监测系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(增刊2):1-6.LIANG Xuexiu,CHEN Zhi,ZHANG Xiaochao,et al.Design and experiment of on-line monitoring system for feed quantity of combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(Supp.2):1-6.(in Chinese)
9张成文,吴崇友,王素珍,等.联合收获机脱粒滚筒负荷建模与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(3):97-100,111.ZHANG Chengwen,WU Chongyou,WANG Suzhen,et al.Experiment and threshing cylinder load modeling for combine harvester[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2013,34(3):97-100,111.(in Chinese)
10刘元元,刘卉,尹彦鑫,等.基于功率监测的联合收获机喂入量预测方法[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(11):157-163.LIU Yuanyuan,LIU Hui,YIN Yanxin,et al.Feeding assessment method for combine harvester based on power measurement[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(11):157-163.(in Chinese)
11陈进,郑世宇,李耀明,等.联合收获机前进速度灰色预测模糊控制系统[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(10):110-115.CHEN Jin,ZHENG Shiyu,LI Yaoming,et al.Grey predictive fuzzy control system of forward speed for combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(10):110-115.(in Chinese)
12刘宏博,何培祥,蒋猛,等.小型割前脱粒收获机双滚筒恒速控制研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(9):210-213,223.LIU Hongbo,HE Peixiang,JIANG Meng,et al.Study on double-cylinder's constant-speed control of a miniature preceding reaping threshing harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016,38(9):210-213,223.(in Chinese)
13陈进,宁小波,李耀明,等.联合收获机前进速度的模型参考模糊自适应控制系统[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(10):87-91.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20141014&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.014.CHEN Jin,NING Xiaobo,LI Yaoming,et al.Numerical simulation of internal flow field in centrifugal fan with double outlet and multi-duct[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(10):87-91.(in Chinese)
14 CLINT J I,ROBERT A M,GLENN E P,et al.Transversely adjustable concave assembly for a rotary combine:US6530833B2[P].2003-03-11.
15 ALAN R B,BERNARD D R.Constant pressure concave assembly in a combine harvester processing system:US9220200B2[P].2015-12-29.
16张成文.联合收获机脱粒滚筒负荷监测系统研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
17李耀明,许太白,徐立章,等.多滚筒脱粒分离装置试验台[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(4):95-98.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20130417&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.017.LI Yaoming,XU Taibai,XU Lizhang,et al.Test-bed of threshing and separating unit with multi cylinder[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(4):95-98.(in Chinese)
18李耀明,周伟,徐立章,等.单切双横流脱粒分离装置参数试验与优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(5):62-67,92.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150510&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.010.LI Yaoming,ZHOU Wei,XU Lizhang,et al.Parameter test and optimization of tangential-horizontal-horizontal threshing and separating device[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(5):62-67,92.(in Chinese)
19许太白,俞平高,周晨露,等.横置多滚筒组合式脱粒分离装置脱分性能对比试验[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(1):83-87.XU Taibai,YU Pinggao,ZHOU Chenlu,et al.Horizontal multi drum combined threshing separation device and separation performance contrast test[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(1):83-87.(in Chinese)
20王显仁,李耀明,徐立章.水稻脱粒破碎率与脱粒元件速度关系研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(8):16-19.WANG Xianren,LI Yaoming,XU Lizhang.Relationship between thresher velocities and rice grain broken rate[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(8):16-19.(in Chinese)
21 HUYNH V M,POWELL T,SIDDALL J N.Threshing and separating process-a mathematical model[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1982,20(1):65-73.
2迟福杰,范海波,杜满珍.浅析联合收获机堵塞故障处理及预防措施[J].农业与技术,2017,37(4):56.
3张认成,桑正中.轴流脱粒滚筒模糊控制仿真[J].农业机械学报,2001,32(2):45-48.ZHANG Rencheng,SANG Zhengzhong.Simulation research on the motion of cereal in axial threshing space[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2001,32(2):45-48.(in Chinese)
4陈进,李耀明,季彬彬.联合收获机喂入量测量方法[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(12):76-78.CHEN Jin,LI Yaoming,JI Binbin.Study on measurement method of combine feed quantity[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2006,37(12):76-78.(in Chinese)
5 LIANG Xuexiu,CHEN Zhi,ZHAO Bo,et al.Research on combine harvester threshing cylinder operating parameter monitoring system[C]∥Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.Proceedings of the World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation(WCICA),2015:2170-2173.
6卢文涛,刘宝,张东兴,等.谷物联合收获机喂入量建模与试验[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(增刊):82-85.LU Wentao,LIU Bao,ZHANG Dongxing,et al.Modeling and experiment of grain combine harvester feeding rate[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(Supp.):82-85.(in Chinese)
7卢文涛,张东兴,邓志刚.联合收获机脱粒滚筒的PID恒负荷控制[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(5):49-51,55.LU Wentao,ZHANG Dongxing,DENG Zhigang.Constant load PID-control of threshing cylinder in combine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(5):49-51,55.(in Chinese)
8梁学修,陈志,张小超,等.联合收获机喂入量在线监测系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(增刊2):1-6.LIANG Xuexiu,CHEN Zhi,ZHANG Xiaochao,et al.Design and experiment of on-line monitoring system for feed quantity of combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(Supp.2):1-6.(in Chinese)
9张成文,吴崇友,王素珍,等.联合收获机脱粒滚筒负荷建模与试验[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(3):97-100,111.ZHANG Chengwen,WU Chongyou,WANG Suzhen,et al.Experiment and threshing cylinder load modeling for combine harvester[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2013,34(3):97-100,111.(in Chinese)
10刘元元,刘卉,尹彦鑫,等.基于功率监测的联合收获机喂入量预测方法[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(11):157-163.LIU Yuanyuan,LIU Hui,YIN Yanxin,et al.Feeding assessment method for combine harvester based on power measurement[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(11):157-163.(in Chinese)
11陈进,郑世宇,李耀明,等.联合收获机前进速度灰色预测模糊控制系统[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(10):110-115.CHEN Jin,ZHENG Shiyu,LI Yaoming,et al.Grey predictive fuzzy control system of forward speed for combine harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(10):110-115.(in Chinese)
12刘宏博,何培祥,蒋猛,等.小型割前脱粒收获机双滚筒恒速控制研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(9):210-213,223.LIU Hongbo,HE Peixiang,JIANG Meng,et al.Study on double-cylinder's constant-speed control of a miniature preceding reaping threshing harvester[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016,38(9):210-213,223.(in Chinese)
13陈进,宁小波,李耀明,等.联合收获机前进速度的模型参考模糊自适应控制系统[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(10):87-91.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20141014&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.10.014.CHEN Jin,NING Xiaobo,LI Yaoming,et al.Numerical simulation of internal flow field in centrifugal fan with double outlet and multi-duct[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(10):87-91.(in Chinese)
14 CLINT J I,ROBERT A M,GLENN E P,et al.Transversely adjustable concave assembly for a rotary combine:US6530833B2[P].2003-03-11.
15 ALAN R B,BERNARD D R.Constant pressure concave assembly in a combine harvester processing system:US9220200B2[P].2015-12-29.
16张成文.联合收获机脱粒滚筒负荷监测系统研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
17李耀明,许太白,徐立章,等.多滚筒脱粒分离装置试验台[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(4):95-98.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20130417&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2013.04.017.LI Yaoming,XU Taibai,XU Lizhang,et al.Test-bed of threshing and separating unit with multi cylinder[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(4):95-98.(in Chinese)
18李耀明,周伟,徐立章,等.单切双横流脱粒分离装置参数试验与优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(5):62-67,92.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20150510&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.010.LI Yaoming,ZHOU Wei,XU Lizhang,et al.Parameter test and optimization of tangential-horizontal-horizontal threshing and separating device[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(5):62-67,92.(in Chinese)
19许太白,俞平高,周晨露,等.横置多滚筒组合式脱粒分离装置脱分性能对比试验[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(1):83-87.XU Taibai,YU Pinggao,ZHOU Chenlu,et al.Horizontal multi drum combined threshing separation device and separation performance contrast test[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2016,37(1):83-87.(in Chinese)
20王显仁,李耀明,徐立章.水稻脱粒破碎率与脱粒元件速度关系研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(8):16-19.WANG Xianren,LI Yaoming,XU Lizhang.Relationship between thresher velocities and rice grain broken rate[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(8):16-19.(in Chinese)
21 HUYNH V M,POWELL T,SIDDALL J N.Threshing and separating process-a mathematical model[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1982,20(1):65-73.