塔里木盆地深层走滑断层分段特征及对油气富集的控制:以塔北地区哈拉哈塘油田奥陶系走滑断层为例
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摘要
塔里木盆地奥陶系走滑断层是发育在克拉通内部稳定区的小滑移距走滑断层,对于深部储层形成与油气富集具有重要的控制作用。基于哈拉哈塘油田4 140km2三维地震资料,在高精度相干切片提取与地震精细解释基础上,对研究区奥陶系走滑断层进行了分段研究并讨论了分段性对于储层发育与油气富集的控制作用。结果表明:(1)哈拉哈塘油田奥陶系走滑断层整体格局为由北东、北西向断层组成的纯剪机制下形成的共轭走滑断层,单条走滑断层的构造特征符合Riedel剪切模型,主干断层周围主要发育R剪切分支断层。(2)根据走滑断层不同部位构造样式、应力状态的差异,建立了小滑移距走滑断层分段发育模式。走滑断层端部为应力发散区,多表现为马尾状构造,可分为伸展型和挤压型马尾状构造。走滑断层内部由线性段、斜列叠覆段、分支断层段、辫状构造段组合而成。线性段呈线性延伸,剖面上为孤立的高陡直立断层。斜列叠覆段分为拉张型叠覆段和挤压型叠覆段,其类型受控于次级断层旋向与阶步的关系。分支断层段多为斜交压扭样式,羽状断层发育较少。辫状构造段内部断垒与断堑交错发育,划分为张扭段、压扭段。(3)不同段具有不同的储层发育特征。马尾状构造段、斜列叠覆段、辫状构造段储层最为发育,分支断层段储层较为发育,线性段储层相对不发育。(4)综合储层发育位置、油源断裂与分支断层配置关系、局部构造高3方面因素,建立了6类与走滑断层相关的油气富集模式。R剪切分支断层与主干断层夹持部位、压扭段内部、马尾状分支断层高部位是北部潜山-顺层岩溶区最为发育的3种油藏富集模式;压扭段内部、张扭段是南部断控岩溶区油气更富集的部位。论文成果认识对于完善克拉通盆地稳定区小滑移距走滑断层分段发育规律具有重要的理论意义,对于受控于走滑断层的岩溶缝洞型油气藏的勘探开发具有一定的生产指导意义。
The Ordovician strike slip fault in the Tarim Basin is a type of small strike slip fault developed in the internal stable area of a craton.It plays an important role in controlling the formation and enrichment of deep oil and gas reservoirs.In this work,we collected 3-D seismic data covering 4140 km2 of the HalahatangYueman area,from which we extracted high resolution coherence slice and performed fine seismic interpretation to characterize the segmentation of the Ordovician strike slip fault.We also discussed segmentation control on reservoir development and oil and gas enrichment.Our findings are as following:(1)The Halahatang-Yueman Ordovician fault is a conjugate strike slip fault with regional boundaries:the north is of NE-and NW-trending while the south developed only NE-trending faults.The two fault branches have Riedel type structures and mainly developed around the main fault.(2)Segmentation development model of small strike slip fault can be established according to structural style and stress state in different parts of the strike slip fault:the stress divergence area at the termination of the strike slip fault has mostly extensional and contractional horsetail structures,while the interior of the strike slip fault is made of translational,overlapping,branch fault and braided structural sections.The translational section is a linear extension of the fault plane with isolated high and steep vertical fault profile.The overlapping section may contain extensional or contractional structural segments depending on its rotational direction relative to the step.The branch fault structure is mostly oblique-compression style with lesser development of feather fault.Finally,the braided section contains interlocking extensional and transtensional structural segments.(3)Reservoir development differs according to segment types:reservoirs of horsetail and braided sections are most developed,followed by that of branch fault section.Reservoirs of translational section are relatively undeveloped.(4)Six hydrocarbon accumulation patterns associated with strike slip faults are delineated.Among them,the"clamping site"intercepting R shear fault and main fault,the transtensional segment,andthe horsetail section represent three enrichment model areas for Ordovician fracture-cavity reservoirs in the northern buried hill-bedding karst area.The transpressional segment and the transtensial segment are more oil and gas enriched locations in the southern fault-controlled karst area.The results of this paper have important theoretical significance for improving the segmentation rule of small strike slip fault in the stable area of cratonic basin,and may provide guidance for developing and prospecting strike slip fault controlled karst fractured vuggy reservoirs.
The Ordovician strike slip fault in the Tarim Basin is a type of small strike slip fault developed in the internal stable area of a craton.It plays an important role in controlling the formation and enrichment of deep oil and gas reservoirs.In this work,we collected 3-D seismic data covering 4140 km2 of the HalahatangYueman area,from which we extracted high resolution coherence slice and performed fine seismic interpretation to characterize the segmentation of the Ordovician strike slip fault.We also discussed segmentation control on reservoir development and oil and gas enrichment.Our findings are as following:(1)The Halahatang-Yueman Ordovician fault is a conjugate strike slip fault with regional boundaries:the north is of NE-and NW-trending while the south developed only NE-trending faults.The two fault branches have Riedel type structures and mainly developed around the main fault.(2)Segmentation development model of small strike slip fault can be established according to structural style and stress state in different parts of the strike slip fault:the stress divergence area at the termination of the strike slip fault has mostly extensional and contractional horsetail structures,while the interior of the strike slip fault is made of translational,overlapping,branch fault and braided structural sections.The translational section is a linear extension of the fault plane with isolated high and steep vertical fault profile.The overlapping section may contain extensional or contractional structural segments depending on its rotational direction relative to the step.The branch fault structure is mostly oblique-compression style with lesser development of feather fault.Finally,the braided section contains interlocking extensional and transtensional structural segments.(3)Reservoir development differs according to segment types:reservoirs of horsetail and braided sections are most developed,followed by that of branch fault section.Reservoirs of translational section are relatively undeveloped.(4)Six hydrocarbon accumulation patterns associated with strike slip faults are delineated.Among them,the"clamping site"intercepting R shear fault and main fault,the transtensional segment,andthe horsetail section represent three enrichment model areas for Ordovician fracture-cavity reservoirs in the northern buried hill-bedding karst area.The transpressional segment and the transtensial segment are more oil and gas enriched locations in the southern fault-controlled karst area.The results of this paper have important theoretical significance for improving the segmentation rule of small strike slip fault in the stable area of cratonic basin,and may provide guidance for developing and prospecting strike slip fault controlled karst fractured vuggy reservoirs.
引文
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