高寒区栽培措施对燕麦人工草地系统碳氮储量及分配机制的影响
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摘要
为系统评价不同栽培措施下燕麦人工草地系统固碳、固氮潜力,在青藏高原高寒地区采用燕麦品种、施肥水平和箭筈豌豆混播水平的三因素四水平正交试验设计[L_(16)(4~5)],开展不同措施对乳熟期燕麦人工草地土壤层次碳氮储量的影响研究,并讨论不同措施下的燕麦人工草地系统碳、氮储量分配机制。结果表明,品种、施肥和混播均显著影响了土壤C、N储量分配,施肥和混播对C、N储量分配影响较大。尿素+磷酸二铵+有机肥处理下,系统总C、N储量最大,分别达184.45 t·hm~(-2)和12.51 kg·hm~(-2);箭筈豌豆混播75 kg·hm~(-2)处理下,系统总C、N储量最大,分别达182.76 t·hm~(-2)和11.90 kg·hm~(-2)。燕麦乳熟期各土层C、N储量分配模式均依次表现为0~10 cm>10~20 cm>20~30 cm>30~40 cm>40~50 cm;其中,各土层C储量分配为27.35%、24.50%、21.39%、14.38%和11.08%,土壤N储量分配为28.62%、24.43%、17.95%、15.47%和12.49%。0~50 cm土层C、N储量分别占整个系统的98.69%和98.96%,而植物仅占1.31%和1.04%;植物茎、叶、穗和根生物C储量仅占系统的0.58%、0.30%、0.28%和0.15%,N储量仅占系统的0.28%、0.42%、0.29%和0.06%。本研究结果为高寒地区燕麦人工草地系统固碳、固氮方面的研究提供了理论基础。
To reveal the carbon and nitrogen storage allocation mechanism of the oat cultural grassland,the study investigated the effect of the varieties,fertilization level and legume mixture on the carbon and nitrogen storage allocation.Oats varieties,levels of nutrient addition and four legume mixture levels were designed to analysis the carbon and nitrogen stock and allocation characters under different soil depth.As the results showed,the factors of variety,fertilizer and mixture significantly affect the soil carbon and nitrogen storage,the effect of fertilizer and mixture are greater.Under the IM+OM treatment,the system carbon and nitrogen storage are greater than the other fertilizer treatments(184.45 t·hm~(-2)and 12.51 kg·hm~(-2)),the carbon and nitrogen storage under the legume mixture of 75kg·hm~(-2)are much higher than the other mixture levels(182.76 t·hm~(-2)and 11.90 kg·hm~(-2)).The distribution model of soil carbon and nitrogen sequestiation in different soil layers were 0~10 cm>10~20 cm>20~30 cm>30~40 cm>40~50cm at the milk stage of oats.The carbon and nitrogen decreased as the soil depth increased,and the carbon allocation at the different soil layers is 27.35%,24.50%,21.39%,14.38%and 11.08%,and the nitrogen allocation at the different soil layers is 28.62%,24.43%,17.95%,15.47%and 12.49%,respectively.The carbon and nitrogen storage at the 0~50 cm soil layer took up 98.69%and 98.96%,while the plant only took up 1.31%and 1.04%,especially for plant stem,leaf,ear and root on take up 0.58%,0.30%,0.28%and 0.15%of carbon,and 0.28%,0.42%,0.29%and 0.06%of nitrogen,respectively.This finding provides a theoretical basis for studying the carbon and nitrogen storage allocation of the cultural grassland on Alpine Meodow.
To reveal the carbon and nitrogen storage allocation mechanism of the oat cultural grassland,the study investigated the effect of the varieties,fertilization level and legume mixture on the carbon and nitrogen storage allocation.Oats varieties,levels of nutrient addition and four legume mixture levels were designed to analysis the carbon and nitrogen stock and allocation characters under different soil depth.As the results showed,the factors of variety,fertilizer and mixture significantly affect the soil carbon and nitrogen storage,the effect of fertilizer and mixture are greater.Under the IM+OM treatment,the system carbon and nitrogen storage are greater than the other fertilizer treatments(184.45 t·hm~(-2)and 12.51 kg·hm~(-2)),the carbon and nitrogen storage under the legume mixture of 75kg·hm~(-2)are much higher than the other mixture levels(182.76 t·hm~(-2)and 11.90 kg·hm~(-2)).The distribution model of soil carbon and nitrogen sequestiation in different soil layers were 0~10 cm>10~20 cm>20~30 cm>30~40 cm>40~50cm at the milk stage of oats.The carbon and nitrogen decreased as the soil depth increased,and the carbon allocation at the different soil layers is 27.35%,24.50%,21.39%,14.38%and 11.08%,and the nitrogen allocation at the different soil layers is 28.62%,24.43%,17.95%,15.47%and 12.49%,respectively.The carbon and nitrogen storage at the 0~50 cm soil layer took up 98.69%and 98.96%,while the plant only took up 1.31%and 1.04%,especially for plant stem,leaf,ear and root on take up 0.58%,0.30%,0.28%and 0.15%of carbon,and 0.28%,0.42%,0.29%and 0.06%of nitrogen,respectively.This finding provides a theoretical basis for studying the carbon and nitrogen storage allocation of the cultural grassland on Alpine Meodow.
引文
[1]钟杨权威.长期施氮对旱作麦田土壤碳库平衡及其稳定性影响机制[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016
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[3]张宏运,张艳芳,位贺杰,王姝.近20年来陕西省农作物碳截获的时空特征[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(2):65-71
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[5]白秀玲,周云凯,王杰华,李文丽.鄱阳湖湿地灰化苔草生长季氮磷含量与储量的变化[J].生态学报,2018,38(13):1-8
[6]代冬雪,旭日,徐兴良,王迎红.西藏纳木错高寒草原豆科与非豆科优势植物群落碳氮储量及收支的对比研究[J].生态科学,2015,34(5):29-37
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[10]张春华,王宗明,任春颖,宋开山,张柏,刘殿伟.松嫩平原玉米带土壤碳氮储量的空间特征[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(3):631-639
[11]谷家川,查良松.皖江城市带农作物碳储量动态变化研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(12):1507-1513
[12]刘阳.玉米农田生态系统碳储量变化特征研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012
[13]雒明伟,毛亮,李倩倩,赵旭,肖玉,贾婷婷,郭正刚.青藏高原筑路取土迹地恢复植物群落与土壤的碳氮磷化学计量特征研究[J].生态学报,2015,35(23):1-10
[14]余欣超,姚步青,周华坤,金艳霞,杨月娟,王文颖,董世魁,赵新全.青藏高原两种高寒草甸地下生物量及其碳分配对长期增温的响应差异[J].科学通报,2015,60(4):379-388
[15]娜仁图雅.氮肥对燕麦生物固碳量及土壤碳储量的影响研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013
[16]尚辉,孙智广,陈慧杰,海江波,黄亚萍.不同施肥对作物碳储量及土壤碳固定的影响[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(11):65-70
[17]陈娟,马忠明,刘莉莉,吕晓东.不同耕作方式对土壤有机碳、微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(3):667-675
[18]Zhou Z Y,Sun O J,Huang J H,Li L H,Liu P,Han X G.Soil carbon and nitrogen stores and storage potential as affected by landuse in an ag-ro-pastoral ecotone of northern China[J].Biogeochemistry,2007,82(2):127-138
[19]张法伟,李英年,汪诗平,赵新全.青藏高原高寒草甸土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量对不同土地利用格局的响应[J].中国农业气象,2009,30(3):323-326,334
[20]彭阳,白彦锋,姜春前,徐睿,刘秀红.耕地造林和撂荒2种植被恢复方式碳储量差异[J].浙江农林大学学报,2018,35(2):235-242
[21]杜宝红,高翠萍,哈达朝鲁.不同放牧强度对锡林郭勒典型草原生产力及碳储量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):139-146,152
[22]魏猛,张爱君,李洪民,唐忠厚,陈晓光,王会,诸葛玉平,娄燕宏.长期不同施肥对潮土有机碳储量的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(1):233-238
[23]胡莹洁,李月,孔祥斌,段增强,陆明环.1980-2010年北京市农用地碳储量对土地利用变化的响应[J].生态学报,2018,38(13):1-11
[24]石小霞,赵诣,张琳,吴文良,孟凡乔.华北平原不同农田管理措施对于土壤碳库的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):301-308
[25]张瑜.陇中黄土高原雨养农区草地不同利用方式对土壤的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2017
[26]刘文辉,张英俊,师尙礼,孙建,魏小星.高寒地区燕麦(Avena sativa L.)人工草地生物量分配对施肥和混播措施的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):398-407
[27]刘文辉,张英俊,师尚礼,魏小星,张永超.高寒地区燕麦人工草地生物量积累对施肥和箭筈豌豆混播水平的响应[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(2):35-42
[28]张凯,陈年来,顾群英,王小娟,刘斌.不同抗旱性小麦气体交换特性和生物量积累与分配对水氮的响应[J].核农学报,2016,30(4):797-804
[29]张健.呼伦贝尔人工草地碳储量的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012
[30]孔毅明.施肥措施对稻田土壤碳、氮积累的影响[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2012
[31]申晓慧,姜成,李如来,李建东,张华,郑海燕,郭伟,孙力,冯鹏.苜蓿与草地羊茅单混播根系生理变化与抗寒性的关系[J].核农学报,2016,30(10):2065-2071
[32]陈露.黄土高原塬区多年生栽培草地表层土壤碳库组成及其特征[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010
[33]丁晨曦.山东省结缕草暖性草丛生态系统固碳特征及影响因子[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013
[2]张开,罗怀良,王睿.安岳县2008-2012年农田作物植被碳储量及其空间分布[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(8):1860-1866
[3]张宏运,张艳芳,位贺杰,王姝.近20年来陕西省农作物碳截获的时空特征[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(2):65-71
[4]肖春艳,贺玉晓,赵同谦,李少华,焦立恒.退耕湿地典型植被群落土壤氮分布及储量特征[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):139-147
[5]白秀玲,周云凯,王杰华,李文丽.鄱阳湖湿地灰化苔草生长季氮磷含量与储量的变化[J].生态学报,2018,38(13):1-8
[6]代冬雪,旭日,徐兴良,王迎红.西藏纳木错高寒草原豆科与非豆科优势植物群落碳氮储量及收支的对比研究[J].生态科学,2015,34(5):29-37
[7]张恒恒,严昌荣,张燕卿,王健波,何文清,陈保青,刘恩科.北方旱区免耕对农田生态系统固碳与碳平衡的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(4):240-247
[8]Yang X L,Gao W S,Zhang M,Chen Y Q,Sui P.Reducing agricultural carbon footprint through diversified crop rotation systems in the North China Plain[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2014,76(2):131-139
[9]李硕.秸秆还田与减量施氮对土壤固碳、培肥和农田可持续生产的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017
[10]张春华,王宗明,任春颖,宋开山,张柏,刘殿伟.松嫩平原玉米带土壤碳氮储量的空间特征[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(3):631-639
[11]谷家川,查良松.皖江城市带农作物碳储量动态变化研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(12):1507-1513
[12]刘阳.玉米农田生态系统碳储量变化特征研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012
[13]雒明伟,毛亮,李倩倩,赵旭,肖玉,贾婷婷,郭正刚.青藏高原筑路取土迹地恢复植物群落与土壤的碳氮磷化学计量特征研究[J].生态学报,2015,35(23):1-10
[14]余欣超,姚步青,周华坤,金艳霞,杨月娟,王文颖,董世魁,赵新全.青藏高原两种高寒草甸地下生物量及其碳分配对长期增温的响应差异[J].科学通报,2015,60(4):379-388
[15]娜仁图雅.氮肥对燕麦生物固碳量及土壤碳储量的影响研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2013
[16]尚辉,孙智广,陈慧杰,海江波,黄亚萍.不同施肥对作物碳储量及土壤碳固定的影响[J].西北农业学报,2013,22(11):65-70
[17]陈娟,马忠明,刘莉莉,吕晓东.不同耕作方式对土壤有机碳、微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(3):667-675
[18]Zhou Z Y,Sun O J,Huang J H,Li L H,Liu P,Han X G.Soil carbon and nitrogen stores and storage potential as affected by landuse in an ag-ro-pastoral ecotone of northern China[J].Biogeochemistry,2007,82(2):127-138
[19]张法伟,李英年,汪诗平,赵新全.青藏高原高寒草甸土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量对不同土地利用格局的响应[J].中国农业气象,2009,30(3):323-326,334
[20]彭阳,白彦锋,姜春前,徐睿,刘秀红.耕地造林和撂荒2种植被恢复方式碳储量差异[J].浙江农林大学学报,2018,35(2):235-242
[21]杜宝红,高翠萍,哈达朝鲁.不同放牧强度对锡林郭勒典型草原生产力及碳储量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(1):139-146,152
[22]魏猛,张爱君,李洪民,唐忠厚,陈晓光,王会,诸葛玉平,娄燕宏.长期不同施肥对潮土有机碳储量的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(1):233-238
[23]胡莹洁,李月,孔祥斌,段增强,陆明环.1980-2010年北京市农用地碳储量对土地利用变化的响应[J].生态学报,2018,38(13):1-11
[24]石小霞,赵诣,张琳,吴文良,孟凡乔.华北平原不同农田管理措施对于土壤碳库的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):301-308
[25]张瑜.陇中黄土高原雨养农区草地不同利用方式对土壤的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2017
[26]刘文辉,张英俊,师尙礼,孙建,魏小星.高寒地区燕麦(Avena sativa L.)人工草地生物量分配对施肥和混播措施的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):398-407
[27]刘文辉,张英俊,师尚礼,魏小星,张永超.高寒地区燕麦人工草地生物量积累对施肥和箭筈豌豆混播水平的响应[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(2):35-42
[28]张凯,陈年来,顾群英,王小娟,刘斌.不同抗旱性小麦气体交换特性和生物量积累与分配对水氮的响应[J].核农学报,2016,30(4):797-804
[29]张健.呼伦贝尔人工草地碳储量的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012
[30]孔毅明.施肥措施对稻田土壤碳、氮积累的影响[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2012
[31]申晓慧,姜成,李如来,李建东,张华,郑海燕,郭伟,孙力,冯鹏.苜蓿与草地羊茅单混播根系生理变化与抗寒性的关系[J].核农学报,2016,30(10):2065-2071
[32]陈露.黄土高原塬区多年生栽培草地表层土壤碳库组成及其特征[D].兰州:兰州大学,2010
[33]丁晨曦.山东省结缕草暖性草丛生态系统固碳特征及影响因子[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2013