宁夏生态移民家庭碳足迹调查与影响因素研究
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摘要
基于生命周期评估方法,以农户调研数据为基础,从能源消耗、房屋建设、家庭洗涤剂使用、交通运输、畜禽肉类饮食消费、衣着服饰6方面对宁夏不同安置方式下生态移民家庭碳足迹进行了测算,采用方差分析和相关分析对移民家庭碳足迹特点及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:(1)移民迁移前碳足迹总量为190 657.46kg CO_2,迁移后碳足迹总量为153 132.47kg CO_2,不同安置方式下移民搬迁后的碳足迹总量均明显小于移民之前。(2)适度集中就近安置移民人均碳足迹为1.46×103 kg CO_2,此类安置方式下的人均碳足迹最大。(3)移民家庭消费碳足迹的主要来源是能源消耗,其次为房屋建设和交通运输,家庭洗涤剂、畜禽肉类饮食消费、衣着服饰类的碳足迹所占比例较小。(4)人口数量、收入水平、消费水平、非农化程度是其重要影响因子。
Based on household survey data,we calculated the carbon footprint of ecological migration family under different resettlement in Ningxia from energy consumption,housing construction,household detergents,transportation,consumption of poultry meat diet,dress and other aspects using the method of life cycle assessment.We analyzed the characteristics and influence factors of carbon footprint of immigrant family by using variance analysis and correlation analysis.Results show that:(1)the migration families′total carbon footprint is 153 132.47 kg CO_2 after migration and now it is 190 657.46 kg CO_2,different resettlement modes after the relocation of the total carbon footprint are much less than before immigration;(2)per capita carbon footprint is 1.46×103 kg CO_2 of moderately centralized resettlement which is the largest;(3)the main source of the carbon footprint of immigrant families results from energy consumption followed by housing construction and transportation.Family detergents,meat food consumption,and clothing account for the less proportion;(4)the important influence factors are population,income level,consumption level and the degree of nonagriculture.
Based on household survey data,we calculated the carbon footprint of ecological migration family under different resettlement in Ningxia from energy consumption,housing construction,household detergents,transportation,consumption of poultry meat diet,dress and other aspects using the method of life cycle assessment.We analyzed the characteristics and influence factors of carbon footprint of immigrant family by using variance analysis and correlation analysis.Results show that:(1)the migration families′total carbon footprint is 153 132.47 kg CO_2 after migration and now it is 190 657.46 kg CO_2,different resettlement modes after the relocation of the total carbon footprint are much less than before immigration;(2)per capita carbon footprint is 1.46×103 kg CO_2 of moderately centralized resettlement which is the largest;(3)the main source of the carbon footprint of immigrant families results from energy consumption followed by housing construction and transportation.Family detergents,meat food consumption,and clothing account for the less proportion;(4)the important influence factors are population,income level,consumption level and the degree of nonagriculture.
引文
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[18]张虎彪.关于我国居民消费碳排放影响的研究综述[J].成都理工大学学报:社会科学版,2014,22(1):48-54.
[19]牛潇,李晖,张亚兵,等.粗磨粉碎对秸秆厌氧发酵产沼气的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(5):73-76.
[20]马洪儒,张运真.生物质秸秆发电技术研究进展与分析[J].水利电力机械,2006,28(12):9-13.
[21]龚志起,张智慧.建筑材料物化环境状况的定量评价[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2004,44(9):1209-1213.
[22]朱重阳.苏州地区住宅全生命周期碳足迹核算[J].中国建材科技,2012(5):72-74.
[23]汪澜.水泥生产企业CO2排放量的计算[J].中国水泥,2009(11):21-22.
[24]汪静.中国城市住区生命周期CO2排放量计算与分析[D].北京:清华大学,2009.
[25]侯彩霞,赵雪雁,文岩,等.不同生计方式农户的碳足迹研究:以黑河流域中游张掖市为例[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(4):587-597.
[2]Wackernagel M,Rees W E,Testemale P.Our ecological footprint:reducing human impact on the earth[J].Population&Environment,1996,1(3):171-174.
[3]冯玲,吝涛,赵千钧.城镇居民生活能耗与碳排放动态特征分析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(5):93-100.
[4]Druckman A,Jackson T.The Carbon Footprint of UK Households 1990—2004:A Socio-economically Disaggregated,Quasi-multi-regional Input-output Model[J].Ecological Economics,2009,68(7):2066-2077.
[5]Roy J,Pal S.Lifestyles and climate change:link awaiting activation[J].Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2009,1(2):192-200.
[6]Lenzen M.The energy and greenhouse gas cost of living for Australia during 1993—1994[J].Energy Policy,1998,23(6):497-516.
[7]Lenzen M.Primary energy and greenhouse gases embodied in Australian final consumption:An input-output analysis[J].Energy Policy,1998,26(6):495-506.
[8]Cohen L,Alonson D.A detail analysis about Income and Direct and Indirect enery consumption[J].Journal of Developmental Economics,2005,16(3):1563-1599.
[9]冯玲,吝涛,赵千钧.家庭能耗与碳足迹研究进展[J].生态科学,2010,29(2):161-170.
[10]杨瑞华,葛幼松,曾红鹰.基于CLA模型的城市微观家庭碳排放特征研究:以全国9个城市家庭碳排放问卷调查为例[J].山西大学学报:自然科学版,2011,34(4):655-661.
[11]郑凯.典型农村社区碳足迹计量方法研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[12]陈琦,郑一新,陈云波,等.昆明市城镇家庭消费碳排放特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学导刊,2010,29(5):14-17.
[13]樊静丽,梁晓捷,廖华,等.典型国家居民部门能源消费特征研究[C]∥中国科学技术协会、天津市人民政府.第十三届中国科协年会第7分会场—实现“2020年单位GDP二氧化碳排放强度下降40%~45%”的途径研讨会论文集.天津:中国科学技术协会,天津市人民政府,2011.
[14]曹淑艳,霍婷婷,王璐,等.农村家庭能源消费碳中和能力评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(11):301-303.
[15]罗芬,王怀採,钟永德.旅游者交通碳足迹空间分布研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(2):38-46.
[16]吴燕,王效科,逯非.北京市居民食物消费碳足迹[J].生态学报,2012,32(5):1570-1577.
[17]戴波,朱宝生.中国城镇居民家庭消费碳足迹与生态文明的生活方式[J].云南地理环境研究,2013,25(1):53-58.
[18]张虎彪.关于我国居民消费碳排放影响的研究综述[J].成都理工大学学报:社会科学版,2014,22(1):48-54.
[19]牛潇,李晖,张亚兵,等.粗磨粉碎对秸秆厌氧发酵产沼气的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(5):73-76.
[20]马洪儒,张运真.生物质秸秆发电技术研究进展与分析[J].水利电力机械,2006,28(12):9-13.
[21]龚志起,张智慧.建筑材料物化环境状况的定量评价[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2004,44(9):1209-1213.
[22]朱重阳.苏州地区住宅全生命周期碳足迹核算[J].中国建材科技,2012(5):72-74.
[23]汪澜.水泥生产企业CO2排放量的计算[J].中国水泥,2009(11):21-22.
[24]汪静.中国城市住区生命周期CO2排放量计算与分析[D].北京:清华大学,2009.
[25]侯彩霞,赵雪雁,文岩,等.不同生计方式农户的碳足迹研究:以黑河流域中游张掖市为例[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(4):587-597.