陆相湖盆细粒岩油气的概念、特征及勘探意义:以渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔二段为例
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摘要
陆相湖盆致密油气与传统致密油气和页岩油气有相关性,也体现出较大的差异性.通过对渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔店组二段(孔二段)优质"生油岩"开展岩性、物性、生烃特性、含油性、脆性综合分析及勘探实践,发现了一种赋存于陆相湖盆细粒沉积岩(粒径小于62.5μm)之中的油气,并提出了细粒岩油气的概念.细粒岩油气不同于传统的致密油气和页岩油气,具有以细粒沉积为主,主要发育碳酸盐岩、细粒长英沉积岩、细粒混合沉积岩3种岩类;纵向上表现为纹层状或块状沉积,平面上稳定分布; 3种岩性均具备良好的生烃条件,均具有一定的储集空间,均有明显的含油气特征,脆性矿物含量均较高,具有较好的可压裂性.该类油气藏在空间上连续稳定分布,整体含油气,甜点段富集高产,通过分段分簇大型压裂改造,具备长期稳产的有利条件,是陆相湖盆非常规油气勘探的重点领域.
The tight oil and gas in terrestrial lacustrine basin shows great differences from the traditional tight/shale oil and gas. The second Member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation is an important souce rock of Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,based on the comprehensive analysis of lithology,physical properties,hydrocarbon generation characteristics,oiliness,brittleness and exploration practice,an new oil gas reservoir was discovered in fine-grained sedimentary rocks in terrestrial lake basin,the concept of fine-grained sedimentary oil reservoir was proposed which is different from traditional tight oil gas and shale oil gas. Fine-grained sedimentary rock is mainly composed of carbonate rock,fine-grained feldspar-quartzose sedimentary rock and fine-grained mixed sedimentary rock and has the characteristic of vertically thin interbed deposits,stable plane distribution,fine hydrocarbon generation conditions,certain reservoir space,obvious hydrocarbon characteristics,high content of brittle minerals and good fracturability. These reservoirs are continuouslyand stably distributed in space,containing oil gas as a whole,and the dessert section is enriched,featuring high-yield. With favorable long-term stable production conditions through segmented clumps and fracturing reconstruction,it is the key areas for unconventional oil and gas exploration in terrestrial lake basin.
The tight oil and gas in terrestrial lacustrine basin shows great differences from the traditional tight/shale oil and gas. The second Member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation is an important souce rock of Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,based on the comprehensive analysis of lithology,physical properties,hydrocarbon generation characteristics,oiliness,brittleness and exploration practice,an new oil gas reservoir was discovered in fine-grained sedimentary rocks in terrestrial lake basin,the concept of fine-grained sedimentary oil reservoir was proposed which is different from traditional tight oil gas and shale oil gas. Fine-grained sedimentary rock is mainly composed of carbonate rock,fine-grained feldspar-quartzose sedimentary rock and fine-grained mixed sedimentary rock and has the characteristic of vertically thin interbed deposits,stable plane distribution,fine hydrocarbon generation conditions,certain reservoir space,obvious hydrocarbon characteristics,high content of brittle minerals and good fracturability. These reservoirs are continuouslyand stably distributed in space,containing oil gas as a whole,and the dessert section is enriched,featuring high-yield. With favorable long-term stable production conditions through segmented clumps and fracturing reconstruction,it is the key areas for unconventional oil and gas exploration in terrestrial lake basin.
引文
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Zhang,X.,Zhuang,X.G.,Tu,Q.J.,et al.,2018.Depositional Process and Mechanism of Orgainic Matter Accumulation of Lucaogou Shale in Southern Junggar Basin,Norhwest China.Earth Science,43(2):538-550(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.603
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Zhou,L.H.,Pu,X.G.,Deng,Y.,et al.,2016.Several Issues in Studies on Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks.Lithologic Reservoirs,28(1):6-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈长伟,薛林福,徐兴科,等,2007.黄骅坳陷孔南地区孔二段湖盆结构恢复.沉积学报,25(4):511-517.
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Chen,S.Y.,Zhang,S.,Liu,H.M.,et al.,2017.Discussion on Mixing of Fine-Grained Sediments in Lacustrine Deep Water.Journal of Palaeogeography,19(2):271-284(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dong,Q.Y.,Liu,X.P.,Li,H.X.,et al.,2013.Formation Conditions of Shale Oil Roservoir in the Second Member of Kongdian Formation in Southern Kongdian Area,Huanghua Depression.Natural Gas Geoscience,24(1):188-198(in Chinese with English abstract).
Du,J.H.,He,H.Q.,Yang,T.,et al.,2014.Progress in China's Tight Oil Exploration and Challenges.China Petroleum Exploration,19(1):1-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Guo,T.L.,Zhang,H.R.,2014.Formation and Enrichment Mode of Jiaoshiba Shale Gas Field,Sichuan Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,41(1):28-36(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jia,C.Z.,Zheng,M.,Zhang,Y.F.,2012.Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources in China and the Prospect of Exploration and Development.Petroleum Exploration and Development,39(2):129-136(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang,Z.X.,Liang,C.,Wu,J.,et al.,2013.Several Issues in Sedmentological Studies on Hydrocarbon-Bearing Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks.Acta Petrolei Sinica,34(6):1031-1039(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang,Z.X.,Zhang,W.Z.,Liang,C.,et al.,2014.Characteristics and Evaluation Elements of Shale Oil Reservoir.Acta Petrolei Sinica,35(1):184-196(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin,X.C.,Shah,S.N.,Roegiers,J.C.,et al.,2014.Fracability E-valuation in Shale Reservoirs:An Integrated Petrophysics and Geomechanics Approach.SPE Journal,20(3):518-526.https://doi.org/10.2118/168589-MS
Li,J.J.,Shi,Y.L.,Zhang,X.W.,et al.,2014.Control Factors of Enrichment and Producibility of Shale Oil:A Case Study of Biyang Depression.Earth Science,39(7):848-857(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2014.079
Li,Z.M.,Zheng,L.J.,Jiang,Q.G.,et al.,2018.Simulation of Hydrocarbon Generation and Explusion for Lacustrine Organic-Rich Argillaceous Dolomite and Its Implications for Shale Oil Exploration.Earth Science,43(2):566-576(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2018.025
Liu,Y.H.,Zhu,X.M.,Zhu,M,et al.,2014.Characteristics of Tight Oil Reservoirs of the Permian Fengcheng Formation in Wu-Xia Area,Junggar Basin.Lithologic Reservoirs,26(4):66-72(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu,J.M.,Michler,P.J.,Choi,W.,et al.,2017.Geochemical Interactions of Shale and Brine in Autoclave Experiments:Understanding Mineral Reactions during Hydraulic Fracturing of Marcellus and Eagle Ford Shales.AAPG Bulletin,101(10):1567-1597.
Ma,X.H.,Xie,J.,2018.The Progress and Prospects of Shale Gas Exploration and Development in Southern Sichuan Basin,SW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,45(1):161-169(in Chinese with English abstract).
Nordeng,S.H.,2009.The Bakken Petroleum System:An Example of a Continuous Petroleum Accumulation.DMR Newsletter,36(1):21-24.
Pu,X.G.,Zhou,L.H.,Han,W.Z.,et al.,2016.Geologic Features of Fine-Grained Facies Sedimentation and Tight Oil Exploration:A Case from the Second Member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation of Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,43(1):24-33(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qin,J.Z.,Shen,B.J.,Tao,G.L.,et al.,2014.Hydrocarbon-Forming Organisms and Dynamic Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Generation Capacity in Excellent Source Rocks.Petroleum Geology and Experiment,36(4):465-472(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qiu,Z.,Shi,Z.S.,Dong,D.Z.,et al.,2016.Geological Characteristics of Source Rock and Reservoir of Tight Oil and Its Accumulation Mechanism:A Case Study of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar Sag,Junggar Basin.Petroleum Exploration and Development,43(6):928-939(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ren,Z.L.,Li,W.H.,Liang,Y.,et al.,2014.Tight Oil Reservoir Formation Conditions and Main Controlling Factors of Yanchang Formation in Southeastern Ordos Basin.Oil and Gas Geology,35(2):190-198(in Chinese with English abstract).
Richard,M.P.,Daniel,M.J.,Ronald,J.H.,et al.,2007.Geologic Framework of the Mississippian Barnett Shale,BarnettPaleozoic Total Petroleum System,Bend Arch-Fort Worth Basin,Texas.AAPG Bulletin,91(4):405-436.
Rickman,R.,Mullen,M.J.,Petre,J.E.,et al.,2008.A Practical Use of Shale Petrophysics for Simulation Design Optimization:All Shale Plays are not Clones of the Barnett Shale.SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition,Denver.
Sun,S.Y.,Liu,H.M.,Cao,Y.C.,et al.,2017.Milankovitch Cycle of Lacustrine Deepwater Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks and Its Significance to Shale Oil:A Case Study of the Upper Es4Member of Well NY1 in Dongying Sag.Journal of China U-niversity of Mining and Technology,46(4):846-857(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang,Y.,Xing,Y.,Li,L.Z.,et al.,2012.Influence Factors and Evaluation Methods of the Gas Shale Fracability.Earth Science Frontiers,19(5):356-363(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang,W.G.,Lin,C.Y.,Zheng,M.,et al.,2018.Enrichment Patterns and Resources Prospects of Tight Oil and Shale Oil:A Case Study of the Second Member of Kongdian Formation in the Cangdong Sag,Huanghua Depression.Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,47(2):332-344(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yao,Y.,Wang,G.,Li,L.,et al.,2017.The Reservoir Heterogeneity Characteristics and Affecting Factors of Tight Lacustrine Dolomite Reservoirs.Earth Science,42(12):2327-2335(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.145
Yuan,X.J.,Lin,S.H.,Liu,Q.,et al.,2015.Lacustrine FineGrained Sedimentary Features and Organicrich Shale Distribution Pattern:A Case Study of Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin,NW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,42(1):34-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang,X.,Zhuang,X.G.,Tu,Q.J.,et al.,2018.Depositional Process and Mechanism of Orgainic Matter Accumulation of Lucaogou Shale in Southern Junggar Basin,Norhwest China.Earth Science,43(2):538-550(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.603
Zhang,Y.,Chen,S.Y.,Meng,Q.A.,et al.,2015.The Discovery of Analcite in Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks of the Second Member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag,Huanghua Depression:Implications for Early Digenetic Environment.China Petroleum Exploration,20(4):37-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou,L.H.,Pu,X.G.,Deng,Y.,et al.,2016.Several Issues in Studies on Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks.Lithologic Reservoirs,28(1):6-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈长伟,薛林福,徐兴科,等,2007.黄骅坳陷孔南地区孔二段湖盆结构恢复.沉积学报,25(4):511-517.
陈世加,张焕旭,路俊刚,等,2015.四川盆地中部侏罗系大安寨段致密油富集高产控制因素.石油勘探与开发,42(2):186-193.
陈世悦,张顺,刘惠民,等,2017.湖相深水细粒物质的混合沉积作用探讨.古地理学报,19(2):271-284.
董清源,刘小平,李洪香,等,2013.黄骅坳陷孔南地区孔二段页岩油藏形成条件分析.天然气地球科学,24(1):188-198.
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