异(口恶)唑草酮在土壤表面光解及在土壤中的降解和淋溶特性
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摘要
为合理评估除草剂异(口恶)唑草酮的环境风险,在实验室模拟条件下,研究了异(口恶)唑草酮在土壤(红壤土)表面光解以及在不同质地土壤(潮土、水稻土和红壤土)中的降解和淋溶特性。结果表明:异(口恶)唑草酮在土壤表面的光解遵循一级反应动力学方程c_t=4.23e~(–0.008t) (r=0.937),半衰期为82.5 h;其在潮土、水稻土和红壤土中的降解均符合一级动力学方程,好氧条件下,异(口恶)唑草酮在3种土壤中的降解半衰期分别为10.5、43.3和139 h,厌氧条件下的降解半衰期分别为19.4、18.4和158 h;其在潮土、水稻土和红壤土中的淋溶系数(R_f)分别为0.417 0、0.083 3和0.083 3。研究表明:异(口恶)唑草酮在土壤表面光解速率较慢,而在土壤中好氧及厌氧条件下降解速率均较快,残留期短;其在土壤中淋溶性较弱,不易对周围环境及地下水造成污染风险。
To assess the environmental risk of isoxaflutole, the laboratory microcosm studies were conducted to investigate the photolytic properties of isoxaflutole on the red soil surface and its degradation, leaching properties in three contrasting soils(moisture soil, paddy soil and red soil). The results demonstrated that photodegradation of isoxaflutole on the surface of red soil followed the firstorder kinetics model, and the equation was as follows: c_t = 4.23e~(–0.008)t(r = 0.937) with a half-life of 82.5 h.The degradation in three soils(moisture soil, paddy soil and red soil) also followed the first-order kinetics model. The aerobic degradation half-lives in three soils were 10.5, 43.3 and 139 h, respectively,and the anaerobic degradation half-lives were 19.4, 18.4 and 158 h, respectively. The leaching coefficients(R_f) in moisture soil, paddy soil and red soil were 0.417 0, 0.083 3 and 0.083 3,respectively. The results showed that the photodegradation rate of isoxaflutole on the surface of soil was slow. But its degradation rate in soils was fast under aerobic or anaerobic conditions which led to short residue period. The results indicated that it's not easy for isoxaflutole to cause pollution risk to the surrounding environment and groundwater.
To assess the environmental risk of isoxaflutole, the laboratory microcosm studies were conducted to investigate the photolytic properties of isoxaflutole on the red soil surface and its degradation, leaching properties in three contrasting soils(moisture soil, paddy soil and red soil). The results demonstrated that photodegradation of isoxaflutole on the surface of red soil followed the firstorder kinetics model, and the equation was as follows: c_t = 4.23e~(–0.008)t(r = 0.937) with a half-life of 82.5 h.The degradation in three soils(moisture soil, paddy soil and red soil) also followed the first-order kinetics model. The aerobic degradation half-lives in three soils were 10.5, 43.3 and 139 h, respectively,and the anaerobic degradation half-lives were 19.4, 18.4 and 158 h, respectively. The leaching coefficients(R_f) in moisture soil, paddy soil and red soil were 0.417 0, 0.083 3 and 0.083 3,respectively. The results showed that the photodegradation rate of isoxaflutole on the surface of soil was slow. But its degradation rate in soils was fast under aerobic or anaerobic conditions which led to short residue period. The results indicated that it's not easy for isoxaflutole to cause pollution risk to the surrounding environment and groundwater.
引文
[1]PALLETT K E, CRAMP S M, LITTLE J P, et al. Isoxaflutole:the background to its discovery and the basis of its herbicidal properties[J]. Pest Manag Sci, 2001, 57(2):133-142.
[2]华乃震. HPPD抑制剂除草剂的研究进展及应用述评[J].农药市场信息, 2017, 15/30(总594期):28-30.HUA N Z. Review on research progress and application of herbicide HPPD inhibitor[J]. Pesticide Market Information, 2017, 15/30(Total594):28-30.
[3]PALLETT K E, LITTLE J P, SHEEKEY M, et al. The mode of action of isoxaflutole:I. Physiological effects, metabolism, and selectivity[J]. Pestic Biochem Physiol, 1998, 62(2):113-124.
[4]Pesticide properties database[EB/OL].[2018-08-02].http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/ppdb/en/Reports/412.htm.
[5]苏少泉.异(口恶)唑草酮的开发、使用与除草剂新品种筛选的思考[J].农药研究与应用, 2008, 12(1):1-6.SU S Q. The development and application of isoxaflutole and thinking about screening of new herbicides[J]. Agrochem Res Appl,2008, 12(1):1-6.
[6]高兴祥,孙作文,李美,等.异(口恶)唑草酮防除玉米田杂草及玉米安全性效果测定[J].玉米科学, 2016, 24(5):157-160.GAO X X, SUN Z W, LI M, et al. Weed control effect of isoxaflutole and its safety to maize in glasshouse and field[J]. J Maize Sci, 2016,24(5):157-160.
[7]卢宗志,祝彦海,李洪鑫,等.异(口恶)唑草酮单用及混用对玉米田杂草的防治效果[J].农药, 2017, 56(11):840-843.LU Z Z, ZHU Y H, LI H X, et al. Effect experiments of isoxaflutole and its mixture with other herbicides for control weed in corn field[J].Pesticides, 2017, 56(11):840-843.
[8]杨长志,王传松,程阳,等. HPLC-MS/MS测定玉米中异(口恶)唑草酮及代谢物残留量[J].食品科学, 2011, 32(22):280-284.YANG C Z, WANG C S, CHENG Y, et al. Determination of isoxaflutole and its metabolite residues in maize by HPLC-MS/MS[J].Food Sci, 2011, 32(22):280-284.
[9]罗佳,沈睿至,杨长志.液相色谱-串质谱法测定大米中异(口恶)唑草酮及代谢物残留量[J].食品安全质量检测学报, 2015, 6(7):2863-2868.LUO J, SHEN R Z, YANG C Z. Determination of isoxaflutole and its metabolites residues in rice by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry[J]. J Food Saf Qual, 2015, 6(7):2863-2868.
[10]王东,闫思月,贾春虹,等.分散固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆-异(口恶)唑草酮及其代谢物残留[J].分析测试学报, 2017, 36(3):355-360.WANG D, YAN S Y, JIA C H, et al. Determination of thiencarbazone-methyl, isoxaflutole and their metabolites residues in corn and soil by dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. J Instrum Anal, 2017, 36(3):355-360.
[11]LIN C H, LERCH R N, THURMAN E M, et al. Determination of isoxaflutole(balance)and its metabolites in water using solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or mass spectrometry[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2002,50(21):5816-5824.
[12]LIN C H, LERCH R N, GARRETT H E, et al. Improved HPLCMS/MS method for determination of isoxaflutole(balance)and its metabolites in soils and forage plants[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2007,55(10):3805-3815.
[13]ALLETTO L, BENOIT P, BERGHEAUD V, et al. Variability of retention process of isoxaflutole and its diketonitrile metabolite in soil under conventional and conservation tillage[J]. Pest Manag Sci, 2012,68(4):610-617.
[14]RAMANARAYANAN T, NARASIMHAN B, SRINIVASAN R.Characterization of fate and transport of isoxaflutole, a soil-applied corn herbicide, in surface water using a watershed model[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2005, 53(22):8848-8858.
[15]DOLL T E, FRIMMEL F H. Fate of pharmaceuticals––photodegradation by simulated solar UV-light[J]. Chemosphere, 2003, 52(10):1757-1769.
[16]叶凤娇,孔德洋,单正军,等.苯氧羧酸类除草剂土壤降解特性研究[J].环境化学, 2010, 29(6):1147-1151.YE F J, KONG D Y, SHAN Z J, et al. Degradation of phenoxy acid herbicides in soils[J]. Environ Chem, 2010, 29(6):1147-1151.
[17]程冰峰,杨倩文,周自豪,等.叶菌唑的光解和土壤降解特性[J].环境化学, 2018, 37(10):2230-2236.CHENG B F, YANG Q W, ZHOU Z H, et al. Photolysis and soil degradation of metconazole[J]. Environ Chem, 2018, 37(10):2230-2236.
[18]李璇,冯岩,王娇,等.氨唑草酮在土壤中的降解、吸附与淋溶特性[J].农药, 2017, 56(10):757-759.LI X, FENG Y, WANG J, et al. Degradation, adsorption and leaching of amicarbazone in soil[J]. Agrochemicals, 2017, 56(10):757-759.
[19]化学农药环境安全评价试验准则:GB/T 31270—2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2015.Test guidelines on environmental safety assessment for chemical pesticides:GB/T 31270—2014[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2015.
[20]农作物中农药残留试验准则:NY/T 788—2018[S].中华人民共和国农业行业标准, 2018-07-27.Guideline for the testing of pesticide residues in crops:NY/T788—2018[S]. Agricultural industry standard of the People's Republic of China, 2018-07-27.
[21]FAO. List of pesticide evaluated by JMPR and JMPS. JMPR No.(268). 2013(T, R)Evaluation.Isoxaflutole(268)[R/OL].[2018-12-20]. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/documents/Pests_Pesticides/JMPR/Evaluation13/Isoxaflutole.pdf.
[22]BELTRáN E, FENET H, COOPER J F, et al. Fate of isoxaflutole in soil under controlled conditions[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2003, 51(1):146-151.
[23]TAYLOR-LOVELL S, SIMS G K, WAX L M. Effects of moisture,temperature, and biological activity on the degradation of isoxaflutole in soil[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2002, 50(20):5626-5633.
[24]AHANGAR A G, SMERNIK R J, KOOKANA R S, et al. The effect of solvent-conditioning on soil organic matter sorption affinity for diuron and phenanthrene[J]. Chemosphere, 2009, 76(8):1062-1066.
[25]ALLETTO L, BENOIT P, JUSTES E, et al. Tillage and fallow period management effects on the fate of the herbicide isoxaflutole in an irrigated continuous-maize field[J]. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2012,153:40-49.
[2]华乃震. HPPD抑制剂除草剂的研究进展及应用述评[J].农药市场信息, 2017, 15/30(总594期):28-30.HUA N Z. Review on research progress and application of herbicide HPPD inhibitor[J]. Pesticide Market Information, 2017, 15/30(Total594):28-30.
[3]PALLETT K E, LITTLE J P, SHEEKEY M, et al. The mode of action of isoxaflutole:I. Physiological effects, metabolism, and selectivity[J]. Pestic Biochem Physiol, 1998, 62(2):113-124.
[4]Pesticide properties database[EB/OL].[2018-08-02].http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/ppdb/en/Reports/412.htm.
[5]苏少泉.异(口恶)唑草酮的开发、使用与除草剂新品种筛选的思考[J].农药研究与应用, 2008, 12(1):1-6.SU S Q. The development and application of isoxaflutole and thinking about screening of new herbicides[J]. Agrochem Res Appl,2008, 12(1):1-6.
[6]高兴祥,孙作文,李美,等.异(口恶)唑草酮防除玉米田杂草及玉米安全性效果测定[J].玉米科学, 2016, 24(5):157-160.GAO X X, SUN Z W, LI M, et al. Weed control effect of isoxaflutole and its safety to maize in glasshouse and field[J]. J Maize Sci, 2016,24(5):157-160.
[7]卢宗志,祝彦海,李洪鑫,等.异(口恶)唑草酮单用及混用对玉米田杂草的防治效果[J].农药, 2017, 56(11):840-843.LU Z Z, ZHU Y H, LI H X, et al. Effect experiments of isoxaflutole and its mixture with other herbicides for control weed in corn field[J].Pesticides, 2017, 56(11):840-843.
[8]杨长志,王传松,程阳,等. HPLC-MS/MS测定玉米中异(口恶)唑草酮及代谢物残留量[J].食品科学, 2011, 32(22):280-284.YANG C Z, WANG C S, CHENG Y, et al. Determination of isoxaflutole and its metabolite residues in maize by HPLC-MS/MS[J].Food Sci, 2011, 32(22):280-284.
[9]罗佳,沈睿至,杨长志.液相色谱-串质谱法测定大米中异(口恶)唑草酮及代谢物残留量[J].食品安全质量检测学报, 2015, 6(7):2863-2868.LUO J, SHEN R Z, YANG C Z. Determination of isoxaflutole and its metabolites residues in rice by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry[J]. J Food Saf Qual, 2015, 6(7):2863-2868.
[10]王东,闫思月,贾春虹,等.分散固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆-异(口恶)唑草酮及其代谢物残留[J].分析测试学报, 2017, 36(3):355-360.WANG D, YAN S Y, JIA C H, et al. Determination of thiencarbazone-methyl, isoxaflutole and their metabolites residues in corn and soil by dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. J Instrum Anal, 2017, 36(3):355-360.
[11]LIN C H, LERCH R N, THURMAN E M, et al. Determination of isoxaflutole(balance)and its metabolites in water using solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or mass spectrometry[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2002,50(21):5816-5824.
[12]LIN C H, LERCH R N, GARRETT H E, et al. Improved HPLCMS/MS method for determination of isoxaflutole(balance)and its metabolites in soils and forage plants[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2007,55(10):3805-3815.
[13]ALLETTO L, BENOIT P, BERGHEAUD V, et al. Variability of retention process of isoxaflutole and its diketonitrile metabolite in soil under conventional and conservation tillage[J]. Pest Manag Sci, 2012,68(4):610-617.
[14]RAMANARAYANAN T, NARASIMHAN B, SRINIVASAN R.Characterization of fate and transport of isoxaflutole, a soil-applied corn herbicide, in surface water using a watershed model[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2005, 53(22):8848-8858.
[15]DOLL T E, FRIMMEL F H. Fate of pharmaceuticals––photodegradation by simulated solar UV-light[J]. Chemosphere, 2003, 52(10):1757-1769.
[16]叶凤娇,孔德洋,单正军,等.苯氧羧酸类除草剂土壤降解特性研究[J].环境化学, 2010, 29(6):1147-1151.YE F J, KONG D Y, SHAN Z J, et al. Degradation of phenoxy acid herbicides in soils[J]. Environ Chem, 2010, 29(6):1147-1151.
[17]程冰峰,杨倩文,周自豪,等.叶菌唑的光解和土壤降解特性[J].环境化学, 2018, 37(10):2230-2236.CHENG B F, YANG Q W, ZHOU Z H, et al. Photolysis and soil degradation of metconazole[J]. Environ Chem, 2018, 37(10):2230-2236.
[18]李璇,冯岩,王娇,等.氨唑草酮在土壤中的降解、吸附与淋溶特性[J].农药, 2017, 56(10):757-759.LI X, FENG Y, WANG J, et al. Degradation, adsorption and leaching of amicarbazone in soil[J]. Agrochemicals, 2017, 56(10):757-759.
[19]化学农药环境安全评价试验准则:GB/T 31270—2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2015.Test guidelines on environmental safety assessment for chemical pesticides:GB/T 31270—2014[S]. Beijing:Standards Press of China,2015.
[20]农作物中农药残留试验准则:NY/T 788—2018[S].中华人民共和国农业行业标准, 2018-07-27.Guideline for the testing of pesticide residues in crops:NY/T788—2018[S]. Agricultural industry standard of the People's Republic of China, 2018-07-27.
[21]FAO. List of pesticide evaluated by JMPR and JMPS. JMPR No.(268). 2013(T, R)Evaluation.Isoxaflutole(268)[R/OL].[2018-12-20]. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/documents/Pests_Pesticides/JMPR/Evaluation13/Isoxaflutole.pdf.
[22]BELTRáN E, FENET H, COOPER J F, et al. Fate of isoxaflutole in soil under controlled conditions[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2003, 51(1):146-151.
[23]TAYLOR-LOVELL S, SIMS G K, WAX L M. Effects of moisture,temperature, and biological activity on the degradation of isoxaflutole in soil[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2002, 50(20):5626-5633.
[24]AHANGAR A G, SMERNIK R J, KOOKANA R S, et al. The effect of solvent-conditioning on soil organic matter sorption affinity for diuron and phenanthrene[J]. Chemosphere, 2009, 76(8):1062-1066.
[25]ALLETTO L, BENOIT P, JUSTES E, et al. Tillage and fallow period management effects on the fate of the herbicide isoxaflutole in an irrigated continuous-maize field[J]. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2012,153:40-49.
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