家禽肠道微生态与免疫的关系
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摘要
家禽肠道微生物菌群是一个复杂、庞大的微生物生态系统,在宿主代谢、免疫等方面发挥着重要作用。微生物菌群可以发酵特定组分,产生代谢产物,刺激免疫细胞分化。免疫系统的进化也需要与肠道菌群保持恒定关系。菌群失调影响免疫器官的正常发育,削弱繁殖力,抑制家禽生长甚至引发疾病,因此正常的肠道微生物群对于维持动物健康有重要意义。本文主要阐述肠道微生态的平衡与失调及其与家禽肠道免疫的互作机制。
The intestinal microflora of poultry is a complex and huge microbial ecosystem, which plays an important role in host metabolism and immunity. The microbial flora can ferment specific components to produce metabolites, and stimulate the differentiation of immune cells. The evolution of the immune system requires a constant relationship with the intestinal flora. The disorder of microflora affects the normal development of immune organs, weakens fecundity,inhibits the growth of poultry and even causes diseases. Therefore, normal intestinal microflora is of great significance for maintaining animal health. This article mainly describes the balance and imbalance of intestinal microecology and the interaction mechanism with intestinal immunity of poultry.
The intestinal microflora of poultry is a complex and huge microbial ecosystem, which plays an important role in host metabolism and immunity. The microbial flora can ferment specific components to produce metabolites, and stimulate the differentiation of immune cells. The evolution of the immune system requires a constant relationship with the intestinal flora. The disorder of microflora affects the normal development of immune organs, weakens fecundity,inhibits the growth of poultry and even causes diseases. Therefore, normal intestinal microflora is of great significance for maintaining animal health. This article mainly describes the balance and imbalance of intestinal microecology and the interaction mechanism with intestinal immunity of poultry.
引文
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[17] PETERSON D A, MCNULTYN P, GURUGE J L, et al.IgA response to symbiotic bacteria as a mediator of gut homeostasis[J]. Cell Host Microbe, 2007(2):328-339.
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[23] IVANOV I I, ATARASHI K, MANEL N, et al. Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria[J]. Cell, 2009, 139(3):485-498.
[24] AUJLA S J, DUBIN P J, KOLLS J K. Th17 cells and mucosal host defense[J]. Seminars in Immunology, 2007,19(6):377-382.
[25] ATARASHI K, NISHIMURA J, SHIMA T, et al. ATP drives lamina propria T(H)17 cell differentiation[J]. Nature, 2008, 455(7214):808-812.
[26] LEVY M, THAISS C A, ZEEVI D, et al. Microbiota-modulated metabolites shape the intestinal microenvironment by regulating NLRP6 inflammasome signaling[J]. Cell,2015, 163(6):1428-1443.
[27] LOUIS P, FLINT H. Diversity, metabolism and microbial ecology of butyrate-producing bacteria from the human large intestine[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2009, 294(1):1-8.
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[29]邹江冰,陈良云,蒋琳兰.短链脂肪酸调节炎症反应的研究进展[J].西南国防医药,2013,23(11):1264-1266.
[30] ARPAIA N, RUDENSKY A Y. Microbial metabolites control gut inflammatory responses[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014, 111(6):2058.
[31] ASARAT M, APOSTOLOPOULOS V, VASILJEVIC T, et al. Short-chain fatty acids regulate cytokines and Th17/treg cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro[J].Immunological Investigations, 2016, 45(3):205-222.
[32] SEGAIN J P, RAINGEARD DE LA BLéTIèRE D, BOURREILLE A, et al. Butyrate inhibits inflammatory responses through NFkappa B inhibition:Implications for Crohn's disease[J]. Gut, 2000, 47(3):397-403.
[33] HOOPER L V, LITTMAN D R, MACPHERSON A J.Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system[J].Science, 2012, 336(6086):1268-1273.
[34] CERF-BENSUSSAN N, GABORIAU-ROUTHIAU V. The immune system and the gut microbiota:Friends or foes[J].Immunology, 2010, 10(10):735-744.
[2]王姝妹,卢立志.家禽肠道微生物稳定性影响因素及其生理功能研究进展[J].中国家禽,2017,39(15):44-49.
[3]夏耀耀,任文凯,黄瑞林,等.仔猪肠道微生物研究进展[J].中国实验动物学报,2017,25(6):681-688.
[4]孟和.动物宿主遗传背景与肠道微生物关系研究进展[J].中国家禽,2017,39(22):1-4.
[5]沈定树,陈素云.肠道微生态与定植抗力[J].中国微生态学杂志,2012,24(12):1150-1152.
[6]范永纯.人和动物肠道的定植抗力[J].大连医学院学报,1984,6(1):127-128.
[7] CRHANOVA M, HRADECKA H, FALDYNOVA M, et al.Immune response of chicken gut to natural colonization by gut microflora and to Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection[J]. Infection and Immunity, 2011, 79(7):2755-2763.
[8] STECHER B, MACPHERSON A J, HAPFELMEIER S, et al.Comparison of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colitis in germfree mice and mice pretreated with streptomycin[J]. Infection and Immunity, 2005, 73(6):3228-3241.
[9] MA N, GUO P T, ZHANG J, et al. Nutrients mediate intestinal bacteria-mucosal immune crosstalk[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2018, 9(5):1-16.
[10] ROOKS M G, GARRETT W S. Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity[J]. Nature Reviews Immunology,2016, 16(6):341-352.
[11] THOMA-USZYNSKI S, STENGER S, TAKEUCHIO, et al.Induction of direct antimicrobial activity through mammalian toll-like receptors[J]. Science, 2001, 291(5508):1544-1547.
[12]杨利娜,边高瑞,朱伟云.单胃动物肠道微生物菌群与肠道免疫功能的相互作用[J].微生物学报,2014,54(5):480-486.
[13] MEYLAN E, TSCHOPP J, KARIN M. Intracellular pattern recognition receptors in the host response[J]. Nature,2006, 442(7098):39-44.
[14] FRITZ J H, FERRERO R L, PHILPOTT D J, et al. Nodlike proteins in immunity, inflammation and disease[J].Nature Immunology, 2006, 7(12):1250-1257.
[15] BEVINS C L, SALZMAN N H. Paneth cells, antimicrobial peptides and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2011, 9(5):356-368.
[16] VAISHNAVA S, BEHRENDT C L, ISMAI A S, et al. Paneth cells directly sense gut commensals and maintain homeostasis at the intestinal host-microbial interface[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2008, 105(52):20858-20863.
[17] PETERSON D A, MCNULTYN P, GURUGE J L, et al.IgA response to symbiotic bacteria as a mediator of gut homeostasis[J]. Cell Host Microbe, 2007(2):328-339.
[18] MACPHERSON A J, UHR T.Induction of protective IgA by intestinal dendritic cells carrying commensal bacteria[J].Science, 2004, 303(5664):1662-1665.
[19] GUY-GRAND D, GRISCELLI C, VASSALLI P. The gutassociated lymphoid system:Nature and properties of the large dividing cells[J]. European Journal of Immunology,1974, 4(6):435-443.
[20] LAURENT D, TRAN H Q, ETIENNE-MESMIN L, et al.Policing of gut microbiota by the adaptive immune system[J].BMC Medicine, 2016, 14(27):1-4.
[21] GABORIAU-ROUTHIAU V, RAKOTOBE S, LéCUYER E, et al. The key role of segmented filamentous bacteria in the coordinated maturation of gut helper T Cell responses[J]. Immunity, 2009, 31(4):677-689.
[22] KORN T, BETTELLI E, OUKKA M, et al. IL-17 and Th17Cells[J]. Annual Review of Immunology, 2009, 8(1):485-517.
[23] IVANOV I I, ATARASHI K, MANEL N, et al. Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria[J]. Cell, 2009, 139(3):485-498.
[24] AUJLA S J, DUBIN P J, KOLLS J K. Th17 cells and mucosal host defense[J]. Seminars in Immunology, 2007,19(6):377-382.
[25] ATARASHI K, NISHIMURA J, SHIMA T, et al. ATP drives lamina propria T(H)17 cell differentiation[J]. Nature, 2008, 455(7214):808-812.
[26] LEVY M, THAISS C A, ZEEVI D, et al. Microbiota-modulated metabolites shape the intestinal microenvironment by regulating NLRP6 inflammasome signaling[J]. Cell,2015, 163(6):1428-1443.
[27] LOUIS P, FLINT H. Diversity, metabolism and microbial ecology of butyrate-producing bacteria from the human large intestine[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2009, 294(1):1-8.
[28] BROWN A J, GOLDSWORTHY S M, BARNES A A, et al. The orphan G protein-coupled receptors gpr41 and gpr43 are activated by propionate and other short chain carboxylic acids[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2003,278(13):11312-11319.
[29]邹江冰,陈良云,蒋琳兰.短链脂肪酸调节炎症反应的研究进展[J].西南国防医药,2013,23(11):1264-1266.
[30] ARPAIA N, RUDENSKY A Y. Microbial metabolites control gut inflammatory responses[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014, 111(6):2058.
[31] ASARAT M, APOSTOLOPOULOS V, VASILJEVIC T, et al. Short-chain fatty acids regulate cytokines and Th17/treg cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro[J].Immunological Investigations, 2016, 45(3):205-222.
[32] SEGAIN J P, RAINGEARD DE LA BLéTIèRE D, BOURREILLE A, et al. Butyrate inhibits inflammatory responses through NFkappa B inhibition:Implications for Crohn's disease[J]. Gut, 2000, 47(3):397-403.
[33] HOOPER L V, LITTMAN D R, MACPHERSON A J.Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system[J].Science, 2012, 336(6086):1268-1273.
[34] CERF-BENSUSSAN N, GABORIAU-ROUTHIAU V. The immune system and the gut microbiota:Friends or foes[J].Immunology, 2010, 10(10):735-744.