天然气井绒囊流体活塞技术不降压压井工艺
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摘要
较之于机械手段,采用流体手段压井具有工艺简单、安全性高、成本可控等优势,已逐渐成为气井修井作业常用的压井手段,但目前对其尚缺乏系统的施工工艺技术研究。为此,在分析总结国内修井作业中压井技术研究成果的基础上,提出了绒囊流体活塞技术不降压压井修井作业的技术思路,开展了气井绒囊流体用量计算、泵入方式选择、泵入流程设计以及返排方式选择等方面的研究,并结合现场应用实例进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)根据平衡井筒气泡最大浮力所需内部结构力,计算出绒囊流体活塞的高度和低剪切速率下的黏度,据此确定现场配制流体的性能;(2)根据平衡地层压力要求计算井筒内静液柱压力所需绒囊流体体积,并附加3~5 MPa的安全压力值;(3)作业时,泵入液柱高度为500 m的清水前置液,润湿管柱、井壁以提高泵入效率,并与绒囊流体形成低黏度、低内部结构力混浆段提高返排效率;(4)根据气井管柱连通状态及管柱承压能力选择正反循环泵入方式;(5)修井结束后,根据气井地层能量衰竭程度选择直接气举或破胶气举返排实现复产。现场应用于我国西北、西南地区的3口气井,其中2口井连续气举作业2~3 d,气井产量便恢复至作业前等产量点。结论认为,该项工艺较好地解决了常规降压过程导致安全性差、产能浪费等问题,缩短了气井压井作业周期。
Compared with mechanical well killing technologies, the fluid based well killing technology is more advantageous with a simple process, high safety and controllable costs so it has gradually become a common well killing technology for the workover of gas wells. So far, however, its construction technologies have not been researched systematically. In this paper, a technical idea of well killing and workover operation without pressure release based on the fuzzy-ball fluid piston technology was proposed after the research results of well killing technologies used in domestic workover operation were analyzed and summarized. Then, a series of studies were conducted from the aspects of dosage calculation, pumping mode selection, pumping process design and flowback pattern selection of fuzzy-ball fluid in gas wells. Finally, comparative analysis was carried out based on field application. And the following research results were obtained. First, calculate the height of fuzzy-ball fluid piston and its viscosity at a low shear rate based on the internal structure force required to balance the maximum buoyancy of the bubble in the wellbore, and accordingly determine the properties of the fluid that is prepared on site. Second, calculate the volume of fuzzy-ball fluid to keep the hydrostatic column pressure in the wellbore according to the demand for formation pressure balance, with an additional pressure value of 3–5 MPa for safety. Third, pump the water pad fluid with a liquid column height of 500 m, improve the pumping efficiency by wetting string and borehole wall, and increase the flowback efficiency through the formation of a slurry mixture section of low-viscosity and low internal structure force with the fuzzy-ball fluid. Fourth, select the pumping mode of positive/reverse circulation according to the connection state and resistance to pressure of strings. Fifth, after the workover, select direct gas lift or gel-breaking gas lift for production recovery according to the depletion degree of formation energy in a gas well. This technological process was practically applied to three gas wells in NW and SW China. Among them, two wells recover to the previous production rate after continuous gas lift for 2–3 days. It is concluded that this technology can well solve the problems in the process of conventional pressure release, such as poor safety and productivity waste, and shorten the operation cycle of gas well killing.
Compared with mechanical well killing technologies, the fluid based well killing technology is more advantageous with a simple process, high safety and controllable costs so it has gradually become a common well killing technology for the workover of gas wells. So far, however, its construction technologies have not been researched systematically. In this paper, a technical idea of well killing and workover operation without pressure release based on the fuzzy-ball fluid piston technology was proposed after the research results of well killing technologies used in domestic workover operation were analyzed and summarized. Then, a series of studies were conducted from the aspects of dosage calculation, pumping mode selection, pumping process design and flowback pattern selection of fuzzy-ball fluid in gas wells. Finally, comparative analysis was carried out based on field application. And the following research results were obtained. First, calculate the height of fuzzy-ball fluid piston and its viscosity at a low shear rate based on the internal structure force required to balance the maximum buoyancy of the bubble in the wellbore, and accordingly determine the properties of the fluid that is prepared on site. Second, calculate the volume of fuzzy-ball fluid to keep the hydrostatic column pressure in the wellbore according to the demand for formation pressure balance, with an additional pressure value of 3–5 MPa for safety. Third, pump the water pad fluid with a liquid column height of 500 m, improve the pumping efficiency by wetting string and borehole wall, and increase the flowback efficiency through the formation of a slurry mixture section of low-viscosity and low internal structure force with the fuzzy-ball fluid. Fourth, select the pumping mode of positive/reverse circulation according to the connection state and resistance to pressure of strings. Fifth, after the workover, select direct gas lift or gel-breaking gas lift for production recovery according to the depletion degree of formation energy in a gas well. This technological process was practically applied to three gas wells in NW and SW China. Among them, two wells recover to the previous production rate after continuous gas lift for 2–3 days. It is concluded that this technology can well solve the problems in the process of conventional pressure release, such as poor safety and productivity waste, and shorten the operation cycle of gas well killing.
引文
[1]曹成寿,田建峰,刘蕾,胡子见,张军祥.气井带压修井技术应用及前景探讨[J].石油化工应用,2015,34(10):62-65.Cao Chengshou,Tian Jianfeng,Liu Lei,Hu Zijian&Zhang Junxiang.Application of workover with pressure technology&prospect discussion[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2015,34(10):62-65.
[2]林盛旺.川东低压气井修井技术研究与应用[D].成都:西南石油大学,2005.Lin Shengwang.Research and application of low pressure gas well workover in Chuandong-gas field[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2005.
[3]郑力会,魏攀峰,张峥,聂帅帅,楼宣庆,崔可心,等.联探并采:非常规油气资源勘探开发持续发展自我救赎之路[J].天然气工业,2017,37(5):126-140.Zheng Lihui,Wei Panfeng,Zhang Zheng,Nie Shuaishuai,Lou Xuanqing,Cui Kexin,et al.Joint exploration and development:Aself-salvation road to sustainable development of unconventional oil and gas resources[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(5):126-140.
[4]王喜峰,李建阁,陈芳,雷达.QY气井压井液的研制与应用[J].油田化学,2003,20(3):205-207.Wang Xifeng,Li Jiange,Chen Fang&Lei Da.Preparation and uses of load fluid QY for gas well control[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2003,20(3):205-207.
[5]邬国栋,王玉斌,钟志英,李泌,张栌丹.GCP-2型低伤害气井压井液的评价[J].断块油气田,2010,17(3):376-378.Wu Guodong,Wang Yubin,Zhong Zhiying,Li Mi&Zhang Ludan.Evaluation of GCP-2 type gas well killing fluid with low damage[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2010,17(3):376-378.
[6]贾虎,杨宪民.固化水工作液在压井修井过程中的成功应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2007,24(增刊1):115-117.Jia Hu&Yang Xianmin.The successful use of solidified water work fluid as kill and workover fluids[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2007,24(S1):115-117.
[7]卢宏伟,唐瑜,张宏,薛伟,张丽佳.低伤害暂堵压井液体系在储气库老井修井中的应用分析[J].石油化工应用,2016,35(6):106-108.Lu Hongwei,Tang Yu,Zhang Hong,Xue Wei&Zhang Lijia.Low damage temporary blocking killing fluid system application results in gas storage in old wells workover analysis[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2016,35(6):106-108.
[8]郑力会,张明伟.封堵技术基础理论回顾与展望[J].石油钻采工艺,2012,34(5):1-9.Zheng Lihui&Zhang Mingwei.Review of basic theory for lost circulation control[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2012,34(5):1-9.
[9]胡永东,赵俊生,陈家明,厉元明,卜红彬.磨80-C1侧钻水平井绒囊钻井液实践[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(1):110-113.Hu Yongdong,Zhao Junsheng,Chen Jiaming,Li Yuanming&Bu Hongbin.Mo 80-C1 sidetracking horizontal wells fracturing drilling practice[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2013,36(1):110-113.
[10]Li Zuochen.Practice of fuzzy ball cementing pad fluid in leakage zone of Naiman Well N-X-Y[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,773:714-719.
[11]王珊,曹砚峰,姜文卷,周定照,靳勇,刘尧.渤海某油田绒囊暂堵流体修井工艺[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(3):114-117.Wang Shan,Cao Yanfeng,Jiang Wenjuan,Zhou Dingzhao,Jin Yong&Liu Yao.Workover technology using fuzzy-ball temporary plugging fluid in Bohai Oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(3):114-117.
[12]郑力会,翁定为.绒囊暂堵液原缝无损重复压裂技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2015,32(3):76-78.Zheng Lihui&Weng Dingwei.Study on repeating fracturing while causing no damage to original fractures[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2015,32(3):76-78.
[13]温哲豪,薛亚斐,白建文,何平,张家富.GX-3井绒囊流体暂堵重复酸化技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(5):85-88.Wen Zhehao,Xue Yafei,Bai Jianwen,He Ping&Zhang Jiafu.Technology of re-acidizing Well GX-3 by temporary plugging with fuzzy-ball fluid[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(5):85-88.
[14]朱立国,黄波,陈维余,孙亮,廖迪,姜梦奇,等.适于高矿化度地层水地层的稳油控水绒囊流体[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(2):216-220.Zhu Liguo,Huang Bo,Chen Weiyu,Sun Liang,Liao Di,Jiang Mengqi,et al.Fuzzy-ball fluid for stabilizing oil production and water control in formations with high-salinity water[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(2):216-220.
[15]郑力会,崔金榜,聂帅帅,刘斌,付毓伟,李宗源.郑X井重复压裂非产水煤层绒囊流体暂堵转向试验[J].钻井液与完井液,2016,33(5):103-108.Zheng Lihui,Cui Jinbang,Nie Shuaishuai,Liu Bin,Fu Yuwei&Li Zongyuan.Temporary plugging diverting test with fuzzy ball fluids in non-water producing coal beds in re-fracturing Well Zheng-X[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2016,33(5):103-108.
[16]郑力会,陈必武,张峥,汤继丹,孙昊.煤层气绒囊钻井流体的防塌机理[J].天然气工业,2016,36(2):72-77.Zheng Lihui,Chen Biwu,Zhang Zheng,Tang Jidan&Sun Hao.Anti-collapse mechanism of the CAM fuzzy-ball drilling fluid[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(2):72-77.
[17]王金凤,郑力会,张耀刚,邓金根,张儒鑫.天然气井的绒囊流体活塞修井技术[J].天然气工业,2015,35(12):53-57.Wang Jinfeng,Zheng Lihui,Zhang Yaogang,Deng Jingen&Zhang Ruxin.Fuzzy-ball fluid piston workover technology for natural gas wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(12):53-57.
[18]中国石油天然气集团公司.井下作业井控技术规范:Q/SY1553-2012[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.CNPC.Specification for well control technology of downhole operation:Q/SY 1553-2012[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.
[19]崔洁.正反双循环洗井式分注工艺管柱的研制[J]石油机械,2015,43(6):84-87.Cui Jie.Development of tubing string for separate layer injection with the technology of reverse circulation well flushing[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(6):84-87.
[20]宋胜利.普光气田永久式封隔器生产管柱打捞技术研究[J].石油机械,2016,44(12):87-89.Song Shengli.Fishing technology of production string with permanent packer in Puguang Gas Field[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(12):87-89.
[21]郝俊芳,唐林,伍贤柱.反循环压井方法[J].西南石油学院学报,1995,17(2):65-70.Hao Junfang,Tang Lin&Wu Xianzhu.Reverse circulation kill method[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,1995,17(2):65-70.
[22]吴华.反循环堵漏压井工艺[J].天然气工业,1990,10(2):35-38.Wu Hua.Mud loss-circulation and well killing technology by reverse circulation[J].Natural Gas Industry,1990,10(2):35-38.
[23]王尚卫,梁万银,张雄涛,涂学万.水平井正反水力连续循环作业装置的研制[J].石油机械,2016,44(6):92-95.Wang Shangwei,Liang Wanyin,Zhang Xiongtao&Tu Xuewan.Study on continuous hydraulic circulating operation in horizontal wells[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(6):92-95.
[24]赵崇镇.基于射流泵原理的修井液正反循环换向钻具[J].石油机械,2016,44(12):97-100.Zhao Chongzhen.Jet pump principle-based workover fluid direct-reversed circulation reversing drilling tool[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(12):97-100.
[2]林盛旺.川东低压气井修井技术研究与应用[D].成都:西南石油大学,2005.Lin Shengwang.Research and application of low pressure gas well workover in Chuandong-gas field[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2005.
[3]郑力会,魏攀峰,张峥,聂帅帅,楼宣庆,崔可心,等.联探并采:非常规油气资源勘探开发持续发展自我救赎之路[J].天然气工业,2017,37(5):126-140.Zheng Lihui,Wei Panfeng,Zhang Zheng,Nie Shuaishuai,Lou Xuanqing,Cui Kexin,et al.Joint exploration and development:Aself-salvation road to sustainable development of unconventional oil and gas resources[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(5):126-140.
[4]王喜峰,李建阁,陈芳,雷达.QY气井压井液的研制与应用[J].油田化学,2003,20(3):205-207.Wang Xifeng,Li Jiange,Chen Fang&Lei Da.Preparation and uses of load fluid QY for gas well control[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2003,20(3):205-207.
[5]邬国栋,王玉斌,钟志英,李泌,张栌丹.GCP-2型低伤害气井压井液的评价[J].断块油气田,2010,17(3):376-378.Wu Guodong,Wang Yubin,Zhong Zhiying,Li Mi&Zhang Ludan.Evaluation of GCP-2 type gas well killing fluid with low damage[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2010,17(3):376-378.
[6]贾虎,杨宪民.固化水工作液在压井修井过程中的成功应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2007,24(增刊1):115-117.Jia Hu&Yang Xianmin.The successful use of solidified water work fluid as kill and workover fluids[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2007,24(S1):115-117.
[7]卢宏伟,唐瑜,张宏,薛伟,张丽佳.低伤害暂堵压井液体系在储气库老井修井中的应用分析[J].石油化工应用,2016,35(6):106-108.Lu Hongwei,Tang Yu,Zhang Hong,Xue Wei&Zhang Lijia.Low damage temporary blocking killing fluid system application results in gas storage in old wells workover analysis[J].Petrochemical Industry Application,2016,35(6):106-108.
[8]郑力会,张明伟.封堵技术基础理论回顾与展望[J].石油钻采工艺,2012,34(5):1-9.Zheng Lihui&Zhang Mingwei.Review of basic theory for lost circulation control[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2012,34(5):1-9.
[9]胡永东,赵俊生,陈家明,厉元明,卜红彬.磨80-C1侧钻水平井绒囊钻井液实践[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(1):110-113.Hu Yongdong,Zhao Junsheng,Chen Jiaming,Li Yuanming&Bu Hongbin.Mo 80-C1 sidetracking horizontal wells fracturing drilling practice[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2013,36(1):110-113.
[10]Li Zuochen.Practice of fuzzy ball cementing pad fluid in leakage zone of Naiman Well N-X-Y[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,773:714-719.
[11]王珊,曹砚峰,姜文卷,周定照,靳勇,刘尧.渤海某油田绒囊暂堵流体修井工艺[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(3):114-117.Wang Shan,Cao Yanfeng,Jiang Wenjuan,Zhou Dingzhao,Jin Yong&Liu Yao.Workover technology using fuzzy-ball temporary plugging fluid in Bohai Oilfield[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(3):114-117.
[12]郑力会,翁定为.绒囊暂堵液原缝无损重复压裂技术[J].钻井液与完井液,2015,32(3):76-78.Zheng Lihui&Weng Dingwei.Study on repeating fracturing while causing no damage to original fractures[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2015,32(3):76-78.
[13]温哲豪,薛亚斐,白建文,何平,张家富.GX-3井绒囊流体暂堵重复酸化技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2015,37(5):85-88.Wen Zhehao,Xue Yafei,Bai Jianwen,He Ping&Zhang Jiafu.Technology of re-acidizing Well GX-3 by temporary plugging with fuzzy-ball fluid[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2015,37(5):85-88.
[14]朱立国,黄波,陈维余,孙亮,廖迪,姜梦奇,等.适于高矿化度地层水地层的稳油控水绒囊流体[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(2):216-220.Zhu Liguo,Huang Bo,Chen Weiyu,Sun Liang,Liao Di,Jiang Mengqi,et al.Fuzzy-ball fluid for stabilizing oil production and water control in formations with high-salinity water[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(2):216-220.
[15]郑力会,崔金榜,聂帅帅,刘斌,付毓伟,李宗源.郑X井重复压裂非产水煤层绒囊流体暂堵转向试验[J].钻井液与完井液,2016,33(5):103-108.Zheng Lihui,Cui Jinbang,Nie Shuaishuai,Liu Bin,Fu Yuwei&Li Zongyuan.Temporary plugging diverting test with fuzzy ball fluids in non-water producing coal beds in re-fracturing Well Zheng-X[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2016,33(5):103-108.
[16]郑力会,陈必武,张峥,汤继丹,孙昊.煤层气绒囊钻井流体的防塌机理[J].天然气工业,2016,36(2):72-77.Zheng Lihui,Chen Biwu,Zhang Zheng,Tang Jidan&Sun Hao.Anti-collapse mechanism of the CAM fuzzy-ball drilling fluid[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(2):72-77.
[17]王金凤,郑力会,张耀刚,邓金根,张儒鑫.天然气井的绒囊流体活塞修井技术[J].天然气工业,2015,35(12):53-57.Wang Jinfeng,Zheng Lihui,Zhang Yaogang,Deng Jingen&Zhang Ruxin.Fuzzy-ball fluid piston workover technology for natural gas wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(12):53-57.
[18]中国石油天然气集团公司.井下作业井控技术规范:Q/SY1553-2012[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2012.CNPC.Specification for well control technology of downhole operation:Q/SY 1553-2012[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.
[19]崔洁.正反双循环洗井式分注工艺管柱的研制[J]石油机械,2015,43(6):84-87.Cui Jie.Development of tubing string for separate layer injection with the technology of reverse circulation well flushing[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(6):84-87.
[20]宋胜利.普光气田永久式封隔器生产管柱打捞技术研究[J].石油机械,2016,44(12):87-89.Song Shengli.Fishing technology of production string with permanent packer in Puguang Gas Field[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(12):87-89.
[21]郝俊芳,唐林,伍贤柱.反循环压井方法[J].西南石油学院学报,1995,17(2):65-70.Hao Junfang,Tang Lin&Wu Xianzhu.Reverse circulation kill method[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,1995,17(2):65-70.
[22]吴华.反循环堵漏压井工艺[J].天然气工业,1990,10(2):35-38.Wu Hua.Mud loss-circulation and well killing technology by reverse circulation[J].Natural Gas Industry,1990,10(2):35-38.
[23]王尚卫,梁万银,张雄涛,涂学万.水平井正反水力连续循环作业装置的研制[J].石油机械,2016,44(6):92-95.Wang Shangwei,Liang Wanyin,Zhang Xiongtao&Tu Xuewan.Study on continuous hydraulic circulating operation in horizontal wells[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(6):92-95.
[24]赵崇镇.基于射流泵原理的修井液正反循环换向钻具[J].石油机械,2016,44(12):97-100.Zhao Chongzhen.Jet pump principle-based workover fluid direct-reversed circulation reversing drilling tool[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(12):97-100.
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