太行山生物多样性保护优先区(北京区域)急需保护物种的空间分布、热点识别及保护成效评价
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摘要
随着人类活动影响加剧,生物多样性急剧丧失。识别急需保护物种集聚分布的热点地区,从而分配更多资源予以保护,是提高生物多样性保护效率的有效途径。以太行山生物多样性保护优先区北京区域为案例区,提取待保护目标物种的分布范围,识别目标物种集聚的热点区域和空缺区。研究发现热点区主要分布于北京与河北交界的门头沟区百花山和东灵山区域、延庆区的松山区域、怀柔区的喇叭沟门区域以及密云区的雾灵山区域。除十字兰和刺楸外的其余46种目标物种已受到不同程度保护,但保护效率仍有待提升。此外,研究还识别出急需保护但尚未划入自然保护区的空缺区域约339 km2。建议针对实际情况,通过新建、扩建保护区以及保护小区或生态保护红线等不同方式提升现有保护效果。研究成果有助于优化现有保护网络体系,提升自然保护区的保护效果。
Biodiversity is rapidly losing due to human activities. In this context,allocating more resources to protect the hot spot areas,where the species in urgent need of conservation are clustered,is an effective way to increase the efficiency of biodiversity conservation. Took Beijing as the priority area for biodiversity conservation in Taihang Mountain for a case study,the spatial distribution,hot spots and gap areas of the target species to be protected were identified. The results show that the hotspots were mainly distributed in the areas adjacent to Hebei Province,including Baihuashan area and Donglingshan area in Mentougou District,Songshan area in Yanqing District,Labagoumen area in Huairou District and Wulingshan area in Miyun District. Meanwhile,except for Habenaria schindleri and Kalopanax septemlobus,the remaining 46 target species had been protected to varying degrees,but the conservation efficiency needs to be improved. In addition,about 339 km2 of gap areas that were in urgent need of protection have not yet been designated as nature reserves. Different methods were proposed for the improvement of the protection efficiency,including the construction or expansion of nature reserves,small-reserves and ecological protection redlines. The results will be helpful to the optimization of the existing protection network system and the enhancement of the protection effect of nature reserves.
Biodiversity is rapidly losing due to human activities. In this context,allocating more resources to protect the hot spot areas,where the species in urgent need of conservation are clustered,is an effective way to increase the efficiency of biodiversity conservation. Took Beijing as the priority area for biodiversity conservation in Taihang Mountain for a case study,the spatial distribution,hot spots and gap areas of the target species to be protected were identified. The results show that the hotspots were mainly distributed in the areas adjacent to Hebei Province,including Baihuashan area and Donglingshan area in Mentougou District,Songshan area in Yanqing District,Labagoumen area in Huairou District and Wulingshan area in Miyun District. Meanwhile,except for Habenaria schindleri and Kalopanax septemlobus,the remaining 46 target species had been protected to varying degrees,but the conservation efficiency needs to be improved. In addition,about 339 km2 of gap areas that were in urgent need of protection have not yet been designated as nature reserves. Different methods were proposed for the improvement of the protection efficiency,including the construction or expansion of nature reserves,small-reserves and ecological protection redlines. The results will be helpful to the optimization of the existing protection network system and the enhancement of the protection effect of nature reserves.
引文
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[22]王蓓,赵军,胡秀芳.基于InVEST模型的黑河流域生态系统服务空间格局分析[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2783-2792.[WANG Bei,ZHAO Jun,HU Xiu-fang. Spatial Pattern Analysis of Ecosystem Services Based on InVEST in Heihe River Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(10):2783-2792.]
[23]杨兴柱,蒋锴,陆林.南京市游客路径轨迹空间特征研究:以地理标记照片为例[J].经济地理,2014,34(1):181-187.[YANG Xing-zhu,JIANG Kai,LU Lin. Urban Tourist Path Trajectory Spatial Characteristics:An Empirical Analysis of Geotagged Photos[J]. Economic Geography, 2014, 34(1):181-187.]
[24] GETIS A,ORD J K. The Analysis of Spatial Association by Use of Distance Statistics[J]. Geographical Analysis,1992,24(3):189-206.
[25] LI Y J,ZHANG L W,YAN J P,et al. Mapping the Hotspots and Coldspots of Ecosystem Services in Conservation Priority Setting[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2017,27(6):681-696.
[26]张松林,张昆.空间自相关局部指标Moran指数和G系数研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(3):31-34.[ZHANG Song-lin,ZHANG Kun. Contrast Study on Moran and Getis-Ord Indexes of Local Spatial Autocorrelation Indices[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2007,27(3):31-34.]
[2]徐海根,丁晖,吴军,等. 2020年全球生物多样性目标解读及其评估指标探讨[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(1):1-9.[XU Hai-gen,DING Hui,WU Jun,et al. Interpretation of the 2020 Global Biodiversity Targets and Its Assessment Indicators[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2012,28(1):1-9.]
[3]曹铭昌,乐志芳,雷军成,等.全球生物多样性评估方法及研究进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(1):8-16.[CAO Ming-chang,LE Zhi-fang,LEI Jun-cheng,et al. Approaches to Assessment of Global Biodiversity and Advancements in Their Researches[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2013,29(1):8-16.]
[4]马克平.生物多样性科学的热点问题[J].生物多样性,2016,24(1):1-2.[MA Ke-ping. Hot Topics for Biodiversity Science[J]. Biodiversity Science,2016,24(1):1-2.]
[5] CHAPE S,HARRISON J,SPALDING M,et al. Measuring the Extent and Effectiveness of Protected Areas as an Indicator for Meeting Global Biodiversity Targets[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London(Series B):Biological Sciences,2005,360(1454):443-455.
[6]唐小平.中国自然保护区网络现状分析与优化设想[J].生物多样性,2005,13(1):81-88.[TANG Xiao-ping. Analysis of the Current Situation of China′s Nature Reserve Network and a Draft Plan for Its Optimization[J]. Biodiversity Science,2005,13(1):81-88.]
[7]马建章,戎可,程鲲.中国生物多样性就地保护的研究与实践[J].生物多样性,2012,20(5):551-558.[MA Jian-zhang,RONG Ke,CHENG Kun. Research and Practice on Biodiversity in situ Conservation in China:Progress and Prospect[J]. Biodiversity Science,2012,20(5):551-558.]
[8]徐卫华,罗翀,欧阳志云,等.区域自然保护区群规划:以秦岭山系为例[J].生态学报,2010,30(6):1648-1654.[XU Wei-hua,LUO Chong,OUYANG Zhi-yun,et al. Designing Regional Nature Reserves Group:The Case Study of Qinling Mountain Range,China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(6):1648-1654.]
[9]郭子良,李霄宇,崔国发.自然保护区体系构建方法研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(8):2220-2228.[GUO Zi-liang,LI Xiao-yu,CUI Guo-fa. Construction Methods of Nature Reserve System:Research Progress[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(8):2220-2228.]
[10]晏玉莹,邓娇,张志强,等.野生动物类型自然保护区保护成效评估研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(4):1128-1134.[YAN Yu-ying,DENG Jiao,ZHANG Zhi-qiang,et al. Research Progress in the Protection Efficacy Evaluation of Wildlife Nature Reserves[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(4):1128-1134.]
[11] RAYN D,SUTHERLAND W J. Impact of Nature Reserve Establishment on Deforestation:A Test[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation,2011,20(8):1625-1633.
[12]环境保护部.中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2011—2030年)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011:8-12.[Ministry of Environmental Protection. China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030)[M]. Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2011:8-12.]
[13]刘慧明,高吉喜,张海燕,等. 2010—2015年中国生物多样性保护优先区域人类干扰程度评估[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(11):1456-1465.[LIU Hui-ming,GAO Ji-xi,ZHANG Hai-yan,et al. Human Disturbance Monitoring and Assessment in the Biodiversity Conservation Priority Area China[J]. Journal of Geo-Information Science,2017,19(11):1456-1465.]
[14]周冰冰,李忠魁.北京市森林资源价值[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000:1-10.[ZHOU Bing-bing,LI Zhong-kui. Value of Forest Resources in Beijing[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2000:1-10.]
[15]宿敏.北京重点保护野生植物的分布特征研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2011.[SU Min. Study on the Characteristic of Key Protected Plants in Beijing[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2011.]
[16]贺士元,刑其华,尹祖堂,等.北京植物志[M].北京:北京出版社,1984:1-1510.[HE Shi-yuan,XING Qi-hua,YIN Zu-tang,et al. Flora of Beijing[M]. Beijing:Beijing Press,1984:1-1510.]
[17]陈卫,高武,傅必谦.北京兽类志[M].北京:北京出版社,2002:1-304.
[18] XU H G,CAO M C,WU Y,et al. Disentangling the Determinants of Species Richness of Vascular Plants and Mammals From National to Regional Scales[J]. Scientific Reports,2016,6:21988. DOI:10. 1038/srep 21988.
[19]李景文,姜英淑,张志翔,等.北京森林植物多样性分布与保护管理[M].北京:科学出版社,2012:33.
[20]沐先运,张志翔,张钢民,等.北京重点保护野生植物[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2014:9-113.[MU Xian-yun,ZHANG Zhi-xiang,ZHANG Gang-min,et al. Protected Plants in Beijing[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2014:9-113.]
[21]杨振山,蔡建明.空间统计学进展及其在经济地理研究中的应用[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(6):757-768.[YANG Zhen-shan,CAI Jian-ming. Progress of Spatial Statistics and Its Application in Economic Geography[J]. Progress in Geography,2010,29(6):757-768.]
[22]王蓓,赵军,胡秀芳.基于InVEST模型的黑河流域生态系统服务空间格局分析[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2783-2792.[WANG Bei,ZHAO Jun,HU Xiu-fang. Spatial Pattern Analysis of Ecosystem Services Based on InVEST in Heihe River Basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(10):2783-2792.]
[23]杨兴柱,蒋锴,陆林.南京市游客路径轨迹空间特征研究:以地理标记照片为例[J].经济地理,2014,34(1):181-187.[YANG Xing-zhu,JIANG Kai,LU Lin. Urban Tourist Path Trajectory Spatial Characteristics:An Empirical Analysis of Geotagged Photos[J]. Economic Geography, 2014, 34(1):181-187.]
[24] GETIS A,ORD J K. The Analysis of Spatial Association by Use of Distance Statistics[J]. Geographical Analysis,1992,24(3):189-206.
[25] LI Y J,ZHANG L W,YAN J P,et al. Mapping the Hotspots and Coldspots of Ecosystem Services in Conservation Priority Setting[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences,2017,27(6):681-696.
[26]张松林,张昆.空间自相关局部指标Moran指数和G系数研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(3):31-34.[ZHANG Song-lin,ZHANG Kun. Contrast Study on Moran and Getis-Ord Indexes of Local Spatial Autocorrelation Indices[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2007,27(3):31-34.]