鄂尔多斯盆地东缘马家沟组元素地球化学特征及古沉积环境
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摘要
通过对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘奥陶系马家沟组的岩石类型和原生沉积物的主、微量元素的分布特征进行分析,探讨了马家沟组元素地球化学分布与沉积环境之间的关系。马家沟组主要岩石类型为碳酸盐岩和蒸发岩,主量元素中CaO和MgO含量较高且变化大,SiO_2、Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、K_2O和Ti_2O等主要代表陆源组分氧化物的含量较低,反映马家沟组沉积受陆源物质影响较小,为正常的海相沉积。微量元素中Sr、U的平均含量相对上地壳略富集,Ba、Rb、Zn、Cr等平均含量相对上地壳亏损,指示奥陶纪时期研究区远离陆源碎屑。MgO/CaO、Rb/Sr、Sr/Cu和Sr/Ba等比值综合指示,马家沟组整体沉积时期研究区为咸水介质的沉积环境,主要为干热气候背景下的海相沉积且存在干湿交替的气候演化,在马二段、马四段和马五段沉积的中晚阶段,经历了短暂的干热气候向相对湿润气候转换。
Rock type and the distribution of major and trace elements of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the eastern Ordos Basin were used to elucidate the sedimentary environment and the origin of the sediments. The results showed that the main rock types in the Majiagou Formation are carbonate and evaporite rocks. The CaO and MgO contents are high and vary widely. SiO_2,Al_2O_3,Fe_2O_3,K_2O,Ti_2O and other major representatives of a terrigenous component have low contents,indicating marine facies deposits. The average contents of Sr and U in the trace elements are slightly enriched compared with the upper crust,and the average contents of Ba,Rb,Zn,and Cr are lower than those in the upper crust,indicating a poor terrigenous supply. The distribution curves of Mgo/Cao,Rb/Sr,Sr/Cu and Sr/Ba ratios indicated that the Majiagou Formation was deposited in a marine environment under a dry and warm climate accompanying a dry-wet climate evolution. During the O_2m_2,O_2m_4 and O_2m_5 stages,there was a brief transition from dry-hot climate to relatively humid climate.
Rock type and the distribution of major and trace elements of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the eastern Ordos Basin were used to elucidate the sedimentary environment and the origin of the sediments. The results showed that the main rock types in the Majiagou Formation are carbonate and evaporite rocks. The CaO and MgO contents are high and vary widely. SiO_2,Al_2O_3,Fe_2O_3,K_2O,Ti_2O and other major representatives of a terrigenous component have low contents,indicating marine facies deposits. The average contents of Sr and U in the trace elements are slightly enriched compared with the upper crust,and the average contents of Ba,Rb,Zn,and Cr are lower than those in the upper crust,indicating a poor terrigenous supply. The distribution curves of Mgo/Cao,Rb/Sr,Sr/Cu and Sr/Ba ratios indicated that the Majiagou Formation was deposited in a marine environment under a dry and warm climate accompanying a dry-wet climate evolution. During the O_2m_2,O_2m_4 and O_2m_5 stages,there was a brief transition from dry-hot climate to relatively humid climate.
引文
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[2]付金华,白海峰,孙六一,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集体类型及特征[J].石油学报,2012,33(S2):110-117.FU Jinhua,BAI Haifeng,SUN Liuyi,et al.Types and characteristics of the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Ordos Basin,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S2):110-117.
[3]张永生,郑绵平,包洪平,等.陕北盐盆马家沟组五段六亚段沉积期构造分异对成钾凹陷的控制[J].地质学报,2013,87(1):101-109.ZHANG Yongsheng,ZHENG Mianping,BAO Hongping,et al.Tectonic differentiation of O2m65deposition stage in Salt Basin,northern Shaanxi,and its control over the formation of potassium sags[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2013,87(1):101-109.
[4]刘成林,吴驰华,王立成,等.中国陆块海相盆地成钾条件与预测研究进展综述[J].地球学报,2016,37(5):581-606.LIU Chenglin,WU Chihua,WANG Licheng,et al.Advance in the study of forming condition and prediction of potash deposits of marine basins in China’s small blocks:review[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2016,37(5):581-606.
[5]PARRISH J T.Lakes:chemistry,geology,physics[J].Journal of Geology,1980,88(2):249-250.
[6]刘英俊,曹励明,李兆麟,等.元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.LIU Yingjun,CAO Liming,LI Zhaolin,et al.Elemental geochemistry[M].Beijing:Science and Technology Publishers,1984.
[7]HATCH J R,LEVENTHAL J S.Relationship between inferred redox potential of the depositional environment and geochemistry of the Upper Pennsylvanian(Missourian)stark shale member of the Dennis limestone,Wabaunsee County,Kansas,U.S.A[J].Chemical Geology,1992,99(1/3):65-82.
[8]JONES B,MANNING D A.Comparison of geochemical indices used for the interpretation of palaeoredox conditions in ancient mudstones[J].Chemical Geology,1994,111(1/4):111-129.
[9]TWITCHETT R J,WIGNALL P B.Trace fossils and the aftermath of the Permo-Triassic mass extinction:evidence from northern Italy[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1996,124(1/2):137-151.
[10]KIMURA H,WATANABE Y.Oceanic anoxia at the Pre CambrianCambrian boundary[J].Geology,2001,29(11):995-998.
[11]黄思静,石和,毛晓冬,等.早古生代海相碳酸盐的成岩蚀变性及其对海水信息的保存性[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(1):9-18.HUANG Sijing,SHI He,MAO Xiaodong,et al.Diagenetic alteration of earlier Palaeozoic marine carbonate and preservation for the information of sea water[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science Technology Edition),2003,30(1):9-18.
[12]RIMMER S M.Geochemical paleoredox indicators in DevonianMississippian black shales,Central Appalachian Basin(USA)[J].Chemical Geology,2004,206(3/4):373-391.
[13]TRIBOVILLARD N,ALGEO T J,LYONS T,et al.Trace metals as paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies:an update[J].Chemical Geology,2006,232(1/2):12-32.
[14]TROTTER J A,WILLIAMS I S,BARNES C R,et al.Did cooling oceans trigger Ordovician biodiversification?Evidence from conodont thermometry[J].Science,2008,321(5888):550-554.
[15]倪春华,周小进,王果寿,等.鄂尔多斯盆地南缘平凉组烃源岩沉积环境与地球化学特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(1):38-46.NI Chunhua,ZHOU Xiaojin,WANG Guoshou,et al.Sedimentary environment and geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks in the Pingliang Formation,southern margin of the Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(1):38-46.
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[19]JACOBSEN S B,KAUFMAN A J.The Sr,C and O isotopic evolution of Neoproterozoic seawater[J].Chemical Geology,1999,161(1/3):37-57.
[20]杨振宇,沈渭洲,郑连弟.广西来宾蓬莱滩二叠纪瓜德鲁普统—乐平统界线剖面元素和同位素地球化学研究及地质意义[J].地质学报,2009,83(1):1-15.YANG Zhenyu,SHEN Weizhou,ZHENG Liandi.Elements and isotopic geochemistry of Guadalupian-Lopingian boundary profile at the Penglaitan section of Laibin,Guangxi province,and its geological implications[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(1):1-15.
[21]孟昊,任影,钟大康,等.四川盆地东部寒武系龙王庙组地球化学特征及其古环境意义[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(7):1299-1311.MENG Hao,REN Ying,ZHONG Dakang,et al.Geochemical characteristic and its paleoenvironmental implication of Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in eastern Slichuan Basin,China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(7):1299-1311.
[22]郑荣才,柳梅青.鄂尔多斯盆地长6油层组古盐度研究[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(1):20-25.ZHENG Rongcai,LIU Meiqing.Study on palaeosalinity of Chang-6oil reservoir set in Ordos Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1999,20(1):20-25.
[23]宋立军,刘池阳,赵红格,等.鄂尔多斯地区黄旗口组地球化学特征及其沉积环境与构造背景[J].地球科学,2016,41(8):1295-1308.SONG Lijun,LIU Chiyang,ZHAO Hongge,et al.Geochemical characteristics,sedimentary environment and tectonic setting of Huangqikou Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science,2016,41(8):1295-1308.