页岩气水平井多级压裂过程中套管变形研究综述
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摘要
针对页岩气水平井多级压裂过程中出现的套管变形问题,运用力学实验手段以及数值分析方法,计算了多级压裂过程中套管强度以及应力变化,研究了环空束缚流体、岩性界面、温压交变、地层滑移对套管应力以及应变的影响。研究表明:页岩气井压裂过程中套管变形以剪切变形和挤压变形为主,变形点具有从趾端到跟端不断增多的分布特点,且部分位置变形情况随时间推移不断加剧;环空束缚流体、岩性界面显著提升了套管应力,但不是导致套管应力超过屈服强度的充分原因;套管应力超过屈服强度后,温压交变将会加剧挤压变形程度;断层沿天然裂缝或层理弱面滑移导致套管发生剪切变形,增加套管厚度或者采用分段固井方式有利于降低套管剪切变形风险。研究成果可为压裂过程中套管完整性设计及控制提供参考,具有重要理论和工程意义。
In order to solve the casing deformation problem occurred in the multistage fracturing process of shale gas horizontal wells,the mechanical experiment and numerical analysis methods were used to calculate the casing strength and stress variation in multistage fracturing process,and study the effect of annular bound fluid,temperature and pressure alternation and formation slip on casing stress and strain. The study results show that during shale gas well fracturing,the casing deformation is dominated by shear deformation and compressional deformation,the deformation points are increasing from toe end to heel end,and the deformation in some locations is aggravated with time; the annular bound fluid and lithologic interface remarkably increase the casing stress,but they are not the sufficient reason to cause the casing stress to exceed the yield strength; when the casing stress exceeds the yield strength,the temperature and pressure alternation will aggravate the compressional deformation degree; when the fault slips along natural fracture or weak bedding plane,it causes the casing to suffer from shear deformation,and the increase of casing thickness or the adoption of multistage cementing mode is helpful to reduce the shear deformation risk of casing. The study achievements can provide reference for casing integrity design and control during fracturing,and have important theoretical and engineering significances.
In order to solve the casing deformation problem occurred in the multistage fracturing process of shale gas horizontal wells,the mechanical experiment and numerical analysis methods were used to calculate the casing strength and stress variation in multistage fracturing process,and study the effect of annular bound fluid,temperature and pressure alternation and formation slip on casing stress and strain. The study results show that during shale gas well fracturing,the casing deformation is dominated by shear deformation and compressional deformation,the deformation points are increasing from toe end to heel end,and the deformation in some locations is aggravated with time; the annular bound fluid and lithologic interface remarkably increase the casing stress,but they are not the sufficient reason to cause the casing stress to exceed the yield strength; when the casing stress exceeds the yield strength,the temperature and pressure alternation will aggravate the compressional deformation degree; when the fault slips along natural fracture or weak bedding plane,it causes the casing to suffer from shear deformation,and the increase of casing thickness or the adoption of multistage cementing mode is helpful to reduce the shear deformation risk of casing. The study achievements can provide reference for casing integrity design and control during fracturing,and have important theoretical and engineering significances.
引文
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[36]李留伟,王高成,练章华,等.页岩气水平井生产套管变形机理及工程应对方案---以昭通国家级页岩气示范区黄金坝区块为例[J].天然气工业,2017,37(11):91-99.
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[43]尹虎,张韵洋.温度作用影响套管抗挤强度的定量评价方法[J].天然气工业,2016,36(4):73-77.
[44]席岩,柳贡慧,李军,等.页岩气近体积压裂井筒温度计算及套管强度变化分析[J].断块油气田,2017,24(4):561-564.
[45]WANG J D,RAO X D,HAN L H,et al.Selection criteria and evaluation technology for casing used in shale gas wells in China[C].SPE16859,2015:1-16.
[46]宋学锋,李军,柳贡慧,等.温压耦合作用下的套管磨损和应力分布[J].断块油气田,2018,25(5):670-674.
[47]BATUGIN S,NIRENBURG R.Approximate relation between the elastic constants of anisotropic rocks and the anisotropy parameters[J].Journal of Mining Science,1972,8(1):5-9.
[48]席岩,李军,柳贡慧,等.页岩储层各向异性对套管应力影响敏感性研究[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(6):128-133.
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[2]CHEN Z M,LIAO X W,ZHAO X L,et al.Performance of horizontal wells with fracture networks in shale gas formation[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2015,133:646-664.
[3]赖力,龙伟.超临界CO2管道泄压过程中管内动态应力分布[J].油气储运,2018,37(3):276-280.
[4]赵瑞华,李玉坤,林浩然,等.不同应力状态下大口径管道超声波传输规律[J].油气储运,2018,37(6):651-657.
[5]MEYER B R,BAZAN L W.A discrete fracture network model for hydraulically induced fractures-theory,parametric and case studies[C].SPE140514,2011:1-36.
[6]石磊,李在蓉,帅健,等.材料特性对大型油罐象足屈曲临界应力的影响[J].油气储运,2018,37(8):873-877.
[7]张冬娜,戚东涛,丁楠,等.复合材料增强管线钢管的预应力处理及水压试验[J].油气储运,2017,36(5):502-507.
[8]DANESHY A A.Impact of off-balance fracturing on borehole stability&casing failure[C].SPE93620,2005:1-9.
[9]周冬林,杨海军,李建君,等.盐岩地层地应力测试方法[J].油气储运,2017,36(12):1385-1390.
[10]廖仕孟,桑宇,宋毅,等.页岩气水平井套管变形影响段分段压裂工艺研究及现场试验[J].天然气工业,2017,37(7):40-45.
[11]SHEN X P,BAI M,STANDIFIRD W,et al.Trajectory optimization for offshore wells and numerical prediction of casing failure due to production-induced compaction[C].ARMA-2012-198,2014:1-8.
[12]史玉才,管志川,席传明,等.基于水泥环完整性分析的许用套管内压力解析计算方法[J].天然气工业,2017,37(7):89-93.
[13]邓宽海,刘婉颖,孙永兴,等.含水泥环的变形套管修复过程实验[J].天然气工业,2017,37(10):73-78.
[14]LV Z G,WANG L,DENG S F,et al.Search for unconventional gas in Asia Pacific Region:Chinese Cambrian Age Marine Qiongzhusi shale gas play:case history,operation,and execution[C].SPE159227,2012:1-20.
[15]QIAN B,YIN C B,LI Y C,et al.Diannostics of caing deformation in multistage hydraulic fracturing stimulation in lower Silurian Marine shale play in Southwestern China[C].SPE178711,2015:1-19.
[16]沈新普,沈国晓.地下储库岩体施工过程及套管与岩石相互作用数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增刊2):4245-4250.
[17]LIAN Z H,YU H,LIN T J,et al.A study on casing deformation failure during multi-stage hydraulic fracturing for the stimulated reservoir volume of horizontal shale wells[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2015,23:538-546.
[18]于浩,练章华,林铁军.页岩气压裂过程套管失效机理有限元分析[J].石油机械,2014,42(8):84-88.
[19]于浩,练章华,徐晓玲,等.页岩气直井体积压裂过程套管失效的数值模拟[J].石油机械,2015,43(3):73-77.
[20]于浩,练章华,林铁军,等.页岩气体积压裂过程中套管失效机理研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(10):37-43.
[21]蒋可,李黔,陈远林,等.页岩气水平井固井质量对套管损坏的影响[J].天然气工业,2015,35(12):77-82.
[22]田中兰,石林,乔磊.页岩气水平井井筒完整性问题及对策[J].天然气工业,2015,35(9):70-76.
[23]XI Y,LI J,LIU G H,et al.Numerical investigation for different casing deformation reasons in WeiyuanChangning shale gas field during multistage hydraulic fracturing[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2018,163:691-702.
[24]YAN W,ZOU L Z,LI H,et al.Investigation of casing deformation during hydraulic fracturing in high geostress shale gas play[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,150:22-29.
[25]LIU K,GAO D L,WANG Y B,et al.Effect of local loads on shale gas well integrity during hydraulic fracturing process[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2017,37:291-302.
[26]刘奎,高德利,王宴滨,等.局部载荷对页岩气井套管变形的影响[J].天然气工业,2016,36(11):76-82.
[27]陈朝伟,石林,项德贵.长宁-威远页岩气示范区套管变形机理及对策[J].天然气工业,2016,36(11):70-75.
[28]陈朝伟,王鹏飞,项德贵.基于震源机制关系的长宁-威远区块套管变形分析[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(4):110-114.
[29]高利军,乔磊,柳占立,等.页岩储层剪切套损的数值模拟及固井对策研究[J].石油机械,2016,44(10):6-10.
[30]高利军,柳占立,乔磊,等.页岩气水力压裂中套损机理及其数值模拟研究[J].石油机械,2017,45(1):75-80.
[31]ANTHONY R I,MARTIN T W,RENEE L S,et al.Assessment and risk analysis of casing and cement impairment in oil and gas wells in Pennsylvannia,2000-2012[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.2014,111(30):10955-10960.
[32]ADAMS N J,MITCHELL R F,EUSTES A W,et al.Acausation investigation for observed casing failures occurring during fracturing operations[C].SPE184868,2017:1-24.
[33]王倩琳,张来斌,胡瑾秋,等.多角度辨识压裂套管变形的实效因素[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(6):40-46.
[34]王素玲,杨磊.页岩层剪切套损的数值模拟及影响因素分析[J].石油机械,2018,46(1):100-105.
[35]张华礼,陈朝伟,石林,等.流体通道形成机理及在四川页岩气套管变形分析中的应用[J].钻采工艺,2018,41(4):8-11.
[36]李留伟,王高成,练章华,等.页岩气水平井生产套管变形机理及工程应对方案---以昭通国家级页岩气示范区黄金坝区块为例[J].天然气工业,2017,37(11):91-99.
[37]KHALAF F,CAIRO U.Increasing casing collapse resistance against salt-induced loads[C].SPE13712,1985:1-8.
[38]WILLSON S M,FOSSUM A F,FREDRICH J T.Assessment of salt loading on well casings[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2013,18(1):13-21.
[39]KURIYAMA Y,TSUKANO Y,MIMAKI T,et al.Effect of wear and bending on casing collapse strength[C].SPE 24597,1992:1-10.
[40]WU J,KNAUSS M E,KRITZLER T C.Casing failures in cyclic steam injection wells[C].SPE114231-MS,2008:1-7.
[41]戴强.页岩气井完井改造期间生产套管损坏原因初探[J].钻采工艺,2015,38(3):22-25.
[42]王兆会,马兆忠.热采井温度对套管性能的影响及预应力值计算方法[J].钢管,2007,36(4):24-27.
[43]尹虎,张韵洋.温度作用影响套管抗挤强度的定量评价方法[J].天然气工业,2016,36(4):73-77.
[44]席岩,柳贡慧,李军,等.页岩气近体积压裂井筒温度计算及套管强度变化分析[J].断块油气田,2017,24(4):561-564.
[45]WANG J D,RAO X D,HAN L H,et al.Selection criteria and evaluation technology for casing used in shale gas wells in China[C].SPE16859,2015:1-16.
[46]宋学锋,李军,柳贡慧,等.温压耦合作用下的套管磨损和应力分布[J].断块油气田,2018,25(5):670-674.
[47]BATUGIN S,NIRENBURG R.Approximate relation between the elastic constants of anisotropic rocks and the anisotropy parameters[J].Journal of Mining Science,1972,8(1):5-9.
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