基于Kriging模型的发动机罩多目标优化设计
|
摘要
为提高轿车CNCAP行人保护性能,应用拓扑优化方法对某款轿车的发动机罩内板进行结构改进,以达到降低行人头部损伤值的目的。先以发动机罩内板、外板、加强板及铰链的壁厚为设计变量,采用最优拉丁方法生成样本数据,通过仿真分析,构建了关于发动机罩质量、头部损伤值及模态的Kriging近似模型;然后利用NSGA-Ⅱ(非劣分层遗传算法)多目标进化算法寻优求解。结果表明:改进后的发动机罩不仅安全性和防振性得到改善,而且质量减小,模态值提高,实现了安全、防振及轻量化的设计目标。
In order to reduce the head injury criteria(HIC)of a car in collision process,this paper improved inner plate of engine hood by topological optimization method.Finite element models of head impact engine hood were established and the thicknesses of inner plate,outer plate,stiffener and hinge of improved engine hood plate were defined.Sample data were acquired by the Latin hypercube design of experimental method and simulated in LS-DYNA and OPTISTRUCT.Kriging approximate models of HIC,modal and mass were built and NSGA-Ⅱ(Non-inferior layered genetic algorithm)was applied to search the global optimal design.Finally,the simulation results indicate that adult head-form HIC value drops by 45.13%,the mass is decreased by 7.95% and the vibration prevention is improved.
In order to reduce the head injury criteria(HIC)of a car in collision process,this paper improved inner plate of engine hood by topological optimization method.Finite element models of head impact engine hood were established and the thicknesses of inner plate,outer plate,stiffener and hinge of improved engine hood plate were defined.Sample data were acquired by the Latin hypercube design of experimental method and simulated in LS-DYNA and OPTISTRUCT.Kriging approximate models of HIC,modal and mass were built and NSGA-Ⅱ(Non-inferior layered genetic algorithm)was applied to search the global optimal design.Finally,the simulation results indicate that adult head-form HIC value drops by 45.13%,the mass is decreased by 7.95% and the vibration prevention is improved.
引文
[1]Simpson T W.Kriging Models for Global Approximation in Simulation-Based Multidisciplinary Design Optimization[J].AIAA Journal,2001,12(39):2233-2241.
[2]European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee.Improved Test Methods to Evaluate Pedestrian Protection Afforded by Passenger Cars[R].Brussels:EEVC Working Group 17Report,2002.
[3]范文杰,范子杰,苏瑞意.汽车车架结构多目标拓扑优化方法研究[J].中国机械工程,2008,19(12):1505-1508.Fan Wenjie,Fan Zijie,Su Ruiyi.Multi-objective Topology Optimization of Automobile Frame Structure[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2008,19(12):1505-1508.
[4]廖君.车用铝合金轻量化材料[J].汽车工艺与材料,2008(2):8-10.Liao Jun.Vehicle Aluminum Lightweight Materials[J].Automobile Technology&Material,2008(2):8-10.
[5]冯银成.6061铝合金热变形及时效过程中的组织力学行为研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2010.
[6]Koki Ikeda,Hideki Ishitobi.Development of Aluminum Hood Structure for Pedestrian Protection[J].AE Paper,2003(1):537-542.
[7]Deb K,Pratap A,Agarwal S,et al.A Fast and Elitist Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm:NSGA-Ⅱ[J].IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,2002,6(2):182-197.
[8]Zitzler E,Thiele L.Multi-objective Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms-a Comparative Case Study[J].Parallel Problem Solving from Nature-PPSNV,1998,4(3):292-301.
[9]王晓鹏.多目标优化设计中的Pareto遗传算法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2003,25(12):1558-1561.Wang Xiaopeng.Pareto Genetic Algorithm for Multi-objective Optimization Design[J].System Engineering and Electronics,2003,25(12):1558-1561.
[10]李莉,杨济匡.汽车与行人碰撞的动力学响应仿真研究[J].计算机仿真,2003,20(7):49-51.Li Li,Yang Jikuang.Stimulation Study on Dynamic Response of Pedestrian in Vehicle Front Impact[J].Computer Simulation,2003,20(7):49-51.
[11]高云凯,孙芳,余海燕.基于Kriging模型的车身耐撞性优化设计[J].汽车工程,2010,32(1):17-21.Gao Yunkai,Sun Fang,Yu Haiyan.Crashworthiness Optimization of Car Body Based on Kriging Surrogate Model[J].Automotive Engineering,2010,32(1):17-21.
[2]European Enhanced Vehicle-Safety Committee.Improved Test Methods to Evaluate Pedestrian Protection Afforded by Passenger Cars[R].Brussels:EEVC Working Group 17Report,2002.
[3]范文杰,范子杰,苏瑞意.汽车车架结构多目标拓扑优化方法研究[J].中国机械工程,2008,19(12):1505-1508.Fan Wenjie,Fan Zijie,Su Ruiyi.Multi-objective Topology Optimization of Automobile Frame Structure[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2008,19(12):1505-1508.
[4]廖君.车用铝合金轻量化材料[J].汽车工艺与材料,2008(2):8-10.Liao Jun.Vehicle Aluminum Lightweight Materials[J].Automobile Technology&Material,2008(2):8-10.
[5]冯银成.6061铝合金热变形及时效过程中的组织力学行为研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2010.
[6]Koki Ikeda,Hideki Ishitobi.Development of Aluminum Hood Structure for Pedestrian Protection[J].AE Paper,2003(1):537-542.
[7]Deb K,Pratap A,Agarwal S,et al.A Fast and Elitist Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm:NSGA-Ⅱ[J].IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation,2002,6(2):182-197.
[8]Zitzler E,Thiele L.Multi-objective Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms-a Comparative Case Study[J].Parallel Problem Solving from Nature-PPSNV,1998,4(3):292-301.
[9]王晓鹏.多目标优化设计中的Pareto遗传算法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2003,25(12):1558-1561.Wang Xiaopeng.Pareto Genetic Algorithm for Multi-objective Optimization Design[J].System Engineering and Electronics,2003,25(12):1558-1561.
[10]李莉,杨济匡.汽车与行人碰撞的动力学响应仿真研究[J].计算机仿真,2003,20(7):49-51.Li Li,Yang Jikuang.Stimulation Study on Dynamic Response of Pedestrian in Vehicle Front Impact[J].Computer Simulation,2003,20(7):49-51.
[11]高云凯,孙芳,余海燕.基于Kriging模型的车身耐撞性优化设计[J].汽车工程,2010,32(1):17-21.Gao Yunkai,Sun Fang,Yu Haiyan.Crashworthiness Optimization of Car Body Based on Kriging Surrogate Model[J].Automotive Engineering,2010,32(1):17-21.