基于欠膨胀喷射火模型的含氢天然气管道失效后果分析
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摘要
含氢天然气管道输送是氢能利用的重要途径之一。针对含氢天然气高压输送管道失效可能引起的欠膨胀喷射火,采用计算流体力学软件Fluent,建立对应的含氢天然气欠膨胀喷射火的模拟模型,模拟模型利用Birch模型描述喷口处的工况,将模拟研究结果与已有试验值进行了对比,验证了该模型的准确性,并分析了模型的网格敏感性。基于该模型研究了氢气含量、管道压力和喷口尺寸对火焰轴线温度分布及火焰长度的影响规律,并揭示了相应的影响机制。
Pipeline transmission of natural gas/hydrogen blend is one of the important ways for utilization of hydrogen energy. For the under-expanded jet fire which may be caused by the failure of a high-pressure natural gas/hydrogen blend pipeline,an underexpanded jet fire simulation model of the corresponding natural gas/hydrogen blend was developed by the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent. The Birch model was used to describe the working conditions at the nozzle of the simulation model. The simulation results were compared with the existing experimental values and the theoretical values,the reliability of the model was verified,and the grid sensitivity of the model was also analyzed. Based on the simulation model above,the influencing rules of hydrogen content,pipeline pressure and nozzle size on axial temperature distribution and flame length were investigated to find out the mechanism.
Pipeline transmission of natural gas/hydrogen blend is one of the important ways for utilization of hydrogen energy. For the under-expanded jet fire which may be caused by the failure of a high-pressure natural gas/hydrogen blend pipeline,an underexpanded jet fire simulation model of the corresponding natural gas/hydrogen blend was developed by the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent. The Birch model was used to describe the working conditions at the nozzle of the simulation model. The simulation results were compared with the existing experimental values and the theoretical values,the reliability of the model was verified,and the grid sensitivity of the model was also analyzed. Based on the simulation model above,the influencing rules of hydrogen content,pipeline pressure and nozzle size on axial temperature distribution and flame length were investigated to find out the mechanism.
引文
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[16]Delichatsios M A.Transition from momentum to buoyancy controlled turbulent jet diffusion flames and flame height relationships[J].Combustion and Flame,1993,92(4):349-364.
[17]Studer E,Jamois D,Jallais S,et al.Properties of large-scale methane/hydrogen jet fires[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2009,34(23):9611-9619.
[18]Brennan S L,Makarov D V,Molkov V.LES of high pressure hydrogen jet fire[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2009,22(3):353-359.
[2]Pu L,Shao X Y,Li Q,et al.A simple and effective approach for evaluating unconfined hydrogen/air cloud explosions[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2018,43(21):10193-10204.
[3]Wang C J,Wen J X,Chen Z B,et al.Predicting radiative characteristics of hydrogen and hydrogen/methane jet fires using Fire FOAM[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2014,39(35):20560-20569.
[4]Mogi T,Horiguchi S.Experimental study on the hazards of high-pressure hydrogen jet diffusion flames[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2009,22(1):45-51.
[5]Takeno K,Hashiguchi K,Noguchi F,et al.Experimental study on open jet diffusion flame of 40 MPa highpressure hydrogen[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2005,41(10):1029-1036.
[6]Lowesmith B J,Hankinson G.Large scale high pressure jet fires involving natural gas and natural gas/hydrogen mixtures[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2012,90(2):108-120.
[7]Birch A D,Brown D R,Dodson M G,et al.The structure and concentration decay of high pressure jets of natural gas[J].Combustion Science and Technology,1984,36(5-6):249-261.
[8]Birch A D,Hughes D J,Swaffield F.Velocity decay of high pressure jets[J].Combustion Science and Technology,1987,52(1-3):161-171.
[9]Houf W G,Evans G H,Schefer R W.Analysis of jet flames and unignited jets from unintended releases of hydrogen[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2009,34(14):5961-5969.
[10]Ekoto I W,Houf W G,Ruggles A J,et al.Large-scale hydrogen jet flame radiant fraction measurements and modelling[C]//Proceedings of the 2012 9th the International Pipeline Conference.Calgary,Alberta,Canada,2012.
[11]陈国华,周志航,黄庭枫.FLUENT软件预测大尺寸喷射火特性的实用性[J].天然气工业,2014,34(8):134-140.
[12]Schefer R W,Houf W G,Williams T C,et al.Characterization of high-pressure,underexpanded hydrogenjet flames[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2007,32(12):2081-2093.
[13]李鹏飞,徐敏义,王飞飞.精通CFD:工程仿真与案例实战[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2013:495.
[14]付佳佳.基于Open FOAM平台下氢气喷射火的大涡模拟[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2013.
[15]邵建新,刘云虎,张子英,等.空气绝热指数的计算[J].科学技术与工程,2009,9(3):673-676.
[16]Delichatsios M A.Transition from momentum to buoyancy controlled turbulent jet diffusion flames and flame height relationships[J].Combustion and Flame,1993,92(4):349-364.
[17]Studer E,Jamois D,Jallais S,et al.Properties of large-scale methane/hydrogen jet fires[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2009,34(23):9611-9619.
[18]Brennan S L,Makarov D V,Molkov V.LES of high pressure hydrogen jet fire[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2009,22(3):353-359.