基于光纤阵列和STM32的高精度太阳跟踪系统
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摘要
设计一种高精度太阳跟踪系统,在1 200倍聚光太阳能电池板上,利用STM32F103芯片计取太阳高度角、方位角进行粗定位,特别使用微小直径的光纤阵列实现精确定位,完成聚光太阳能电池板的实时精密跟踪,并实现太阳光点在光纤阵列坐标系中的坐标输出。介绍了跟踪系统的组成、结构特点,设计了精确定位装置,建立了光电检测模型;采用模块化设计,给出了系统的控制流程设计思路。对发电效率进行分析,验证跟踪方法的可行性和精确性。结果表明:它具有结构简单、可靠性、高精度、高效率的特点,其最高发电效率可达31%。在太阳能聚光发电等要求高精度跟踪方面的运用提供了借鉴。
This study is aimed at a high concentrated module with accurate real-time tracking. A system is carried out with a high-precision solar tracking process to acquire the sun altitude angle and azimuth angle by using STM32 F103 on a 1 200-fold concentrating solar panel. Then it figures out the precise position by using a low cost micro fiber array to replace the high cost four-quadrant detector. The composition and structure of the tracking system are introduced and the precise positioning device is designed. The system adopts the idea of modular design and the control flow is given. The proposed system can finally analyze the power generation efficiency, and it verifies the feasibility and accuracy of this solar tracking process. The results show that it works reliably, accurately, and high efficiently with a simple model. The maximum power generation efficiency can reach 31 %. It thereby provides references for highly accurate tracking in the field of solar power generation.
This study is aimed at a high concentrated module with accurate real-time tracking. A system is carried out with a high-precision solar tracking process to acquire the sun altitude angle and azimuth angle by using STM32 F103 on a 1 200-fold concentrating solar panel. Then it figures out the precise position by using a low cost micro fiber array to replace the high cost four-quadrant detector. The composition and structure of the tracking system are introduced and the precise positioning device is designed. The system adopts the idea of modular design and the control flow is given. The proposed system can finally analyze the power generation efficiency, and it verifies the feasibility and accuracy of this solar tracking process. The results show that it works reliably, accurately, and high efficiently with a simple model. The maximum power generation efficiency can reach 31 %. It thereby provides references for highly accurate tracking in the field of solar power generation.
引文
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[13]刘恩超,吴浩宇,邹鹏.基于四象限探测器进行太阳跟踪的偏差分析[J].大气与环境光学报,2012,7(2):139-146.Liu E C,Wu H Y,Zou P.Deviation Analysis Based on Four-quadrant Detector for Sun-tracking[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2012,7(2):139-146.
[14]王林军,门静,张东,等.太阳自动跟踪系统中光电传感器的设计[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):179-184.Wang L J,Men J,Zhang D,et al.Photoelectric Sensor Design of Solar Auto-Tracking System[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(14):179-184.
[15]刘文,周旺平,王国栋.基于DSP的斜轴式太阳跟踪系统[J].电子技术应用,2014,40(5):24-27.Liu W,Zhou W P,Wang G D.Tilting axis Solar Tracking System Based on DSP[J].Application of Electronic Technique,2014,40(5):24-27.
[16]李文华,牛晓靖,郭辰光,等.基于机器视觉的太阳能板自动跟踪系统研究[J].控制工程,2015,4(22):659-663.Li W H,Niu X J,Guo C G,et al.Research of Solar Panel Tracking System based on Machine Vision[J].Control Engineering of China,2015,4(22):659-663.
[17]马立新,张丽萍,朱尧富,等.基于模糊算法太阳智能跟踪系统的设计[J].控制工程,2013,20(4):647-649.Ma L X,Zhang L P,Zhu Y F,et al.Design of Solar Intelligent Tracking System based on Fuzzy Algorithm[J].Control Engineering of China,2013,20(4):647-649.
[18]Song J F,Yang Y P,Zhu Y,et al.A High Precision Tracking System based on A Hybrid Strategy Designed for Concentrated Sunlight Transmission via Fibers[J].Renewable Energy,2013,57(3):12-19.
[2]叶学民,王佳,李春曦.新能源辅助燃煤发电系统热力性能的分析研究[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(3):616-623.Ye X M,Wang J,Li C X.Exergy Analysis on Thermodynamic Performance in New Energy Aided Coal-fired Power Generation System[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2015,36(3):616-623.
[3]尹宝泉,王一平,朱丽,等.聚光光伏电热联用系统在建筑中的应用现状及展望[J].太阳能学报,2012,S1(33):77-85.Yin B Q,Wang Y P,Zhu L,et al.Status and Prospect Application of Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal System Integrated with Building[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2012,S1(33):77-85.
[4]孟强,冯德军.自动跟踪太阳的光纤导光照明系统的设计[J].计算机工程与应用,2013,49(15):249-251.Meng Q,Feng D J.Design of Optical Fiber Lighting System Based on Tracking Solar Automatically[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2013,49(15):249-251.
[5]Malge S,Bhole K,Narkhede R.Designing of Dual-axis Solar Tracking System with Remote Monitoring[C].Industrial Instrumentation and Control(ICIC),2015:1524-1527.
[6]Yilmaz S,Ozcalik H R,Dogmus O,et al.Design of Two Axes Sun Tracking Controller with Analytically Solar Radiation Calculations[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,43:997-1005.
[7]王小鑫,胡红利,王博.高精度太阳能跟踪控制器[J].电光与控制,2012,19(12):80-83.Wang X X,Hu H L,Wang B.A Dual-mode Solar Tracking Controller[J].Electronics Optics&Control,2012,19(12):80-83.
[8]Tina G M,Arcidiacono F,Gagliano A.Intelligent Sun Tracking System based on Multiple Photodiode Sensors for Maximisation of Photovoltaic Energy Production[J].Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2013,91(1):16-28.
[9]郑恩让,李明勇,宁铎.双模式互补高精度太阳跟踪系统的设计[J].自动化与仪表,2013,28(2):16-19.Zheng E R,Li M Y,Ning D.Design of High Precision Solar Tracking System Based on Dual Mode Complementary[J].Automation&Instrumentation,2013,28(2):16-19.
[10]李加念,洪添胜,倪慧娜.基于光电和倾角检测的全天候太阳跟踪传感器系统[J],传感器与微系统,2014,33(4):83-86.Li J N,Hong T S,Ni H N.Design of All-weather Sun-tracking Sensor based on Photoelectric and Inclination Detection[J].Transducer and Microsystem Technologies,2014,33(4):83-86.
[11]王锋,张忠远.太阳光自动跟踪装置的研发[J].控制工程,2011,18(16):1009-1011.Wang F,Zhang Z Y.Solar Automatic Tracking Device Research and Development[J].Control Engineering of China,2011,18(16):1009-1011.
[12]Yao Y X,Hu Y G,Gao S D.A Multipurpose Dual-axis Solar Tracker with Two Tracking Strategies[J].Renewable Energy,2014,72(4):88-98.
[13]刘恩超,吴浩宇,邹鹏.基于四象限探测器进行太阳跟踪的偏差分析[J].大气与环境光学报,2012,7(2):139-146.Liu E C,Wu H Y,Zou P.Deviation Analysis Based on Four-quadrant Detector for Sun-tracking[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2012,7(2):139-146.
[14]王林军,门静,张东,等.太阳自动跟踪系统中光电传感器的设计[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):179-184.Wang L J,Men J,Zhang D,et al.Photoelectric Sensor Design of Solar Auto-Tracking System[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(14):179-184.
[15]刘文,周旺平,王国栋.基于DSP的斜轴式太阳跟踪系统[J].电子技术应用,2014,40(5):24-27.Liu W,Zhou W P,Wang G D.Tilting axis Solar Tracking System Based on DSP[J].Application of Electronic Technique,2014,40(5):24-27.
[16]李文华,牛晓靖,郭辰光,等.基于机器视觉的太阳能板自动跟踪系统研究[J].控制工程,2015,4(22):659-663.Li W H,Niu X J,Guo C G,et al.Research of Solar Panel Tracking System based on Machine Vision[J].Control Engineering of China,2015,4(22):659-663.
[17]马立新,张丽萍,朱尧富,等.基于模糊算法太阳智能跟踪系统的设计[J].控制工程,2013,20(4):647-649.Ma L X,Zhang L P,Zhu Y F,et al.Design of Solar Intelligent Tracking System based on Fuzzy Algorithm[J].Control Engineering of China,2013,20(4):647-649.
[18]Song J F,Yang Y P,Zhu Y,et al.A High Precision Tracking System based on A Hybrid Strategy Designed for Concentrated Sunlight Transmission via Fibers[J].Renewable Energy,2013,57(3):12-19.