贵州灰家堡金矿田成矿与蚀变元素迁移
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摘要
选择贵州省灰家堡金矿田内最为典型的水银洞矿床和太平洞矿床,研究卡林型金矿床围岩蚀变过程中元素迁移规律与方式,探讨围岩蚀变与金矿化的内在联系。典型矿床围岩→矿化围岩→矿石的岩相学特征及与其对应的Grant质量平衡方程计算结果表明,卡林型金矿各成矿阶段所对应的围岩蚀变类型与通过计算所反映的元素迁移规律相一致;地球化学热力学计算结果显示,Au主要以AuHS0络合物的形式在成矿溶液中迁移。元素迁移研究的结果证明不同成矿阶段发生的围岩蚀变促进卡林型金矿主要成矿物质发生迁移,进而沉淀富集成矿。
The Shuiyindong deposit and Taipingdong deposit in the Huijiabao ore field are selected to study the migration regularity and mode of elements in the process of wallrock alteration of the Carlintype gold deposit and to explore the internal relationship between the alteration and gold mineralization. Study of typical surrounding rocks, mineralization rocks, ore petrographic characteristics and corresponding grant mass balance equation shows that the type of wallrock alteration corresponding to the metallogenic stage of the Carlin-type gold deposit is consistent with the element migration law revealed by calculation.Geochemical thermodynamics calculation suggests that gold mainly migrates in the form of AuHS0 complex in the ore-forming solution.It shows that the wallrock alteration in different metallogenic stages promotes the migration of major ore-forming materials in the Carlin-type gold deposits,and then precipitates and enriches the gold ore formation.
The Shuiyindong deposit and Taipingdong deposit in the Huijiabao ore field are selected to study the migration regularity and mode of elements in the process of wallrock alteration of the Carlintype gold deposit and to explore the internal relationship between the alteration and gold mineralization. Study of typical surrounding rocks, mineralization rocks, ore petrographic characteristics and corresponding grant mass balance equation shows that the type of wallrock alteration corresponding to the metallogenic stage of the Carlin-type gold deposit is consistent with the element migration law revealed by calculation.Geochemical thermodynamics calculation suggests that gold mainly migrates in the form of AuHS0 complex in the ore-forming solution.It shows that the wallrock alteration in different metallogenic stages promotes the migration of major ore-forming materials in the Carlin-type gold deposits,and then precipitates and enriches the gold ore formation.
引文
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[7]DZ/T0205-2002,岩金矿地质勘查规范[S].DZ/T 0205-2002,Specifications Hard-Rock Gold Exploration[S].(in Chinese)
[8]王成辉.贵州水银洞金矿地质特征及成矿规律研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2008.Wang C H.Study on the Geological Character and Metallogenic Rules of Shuiyindong Gold Deposit in Guizhou Province[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,2002.(in Chinese)
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[12]沈文杰,张竹如,周永章,等.贵州贞丰水银洞金矿含矿岩系元素地球化学特征[J].地球化学,2005,34(1):88-95.Shen W J,Zhang Z R,Zhou Y Z,et al.Geochemistry of elements of ore-bearing rock series in the Shuiyindong gold deposit,Guizhou Province[J].Geochimica,2005,34(1):88-95.(in Chinese)
[13]覃礼敬,刘道明.贵州省兴仁县太平洞金矿床地质地球化学特征[J].贵州地质,2006,23(3):187-191.Qin L J,Liu D M.Geochemical characteristic of the Taipingdong gold deposit,Xinren County,Guizhou[J].Guizhou Geology,2006,23(3):187-191.(in Chinese)
[14]刘建中,杨成富,刘全军,等.贵州兴仁县太平洞金矿金的赋存状态研究[J].黄金科学技术,2010,18(5):93-98.Liu J Z,Yang C F,Liu Q J,et al.Study on gold occurrence of Taipingdong gold deposit in Xingren County,Guizhou Province[J].Gold Science and Technology,2010,18(5):93-98.(in Chinese)
[15]Gresens R L.Composition-volume relationships of metasomatism[J].Chem Geology,1967,2:47-65.
[16]Cail T L,Cline J S.Alteration associated with gold deposition at the Getchell Carlin-Type Gold Deposit,North-Central Nevada[J].Economic Geology,2001,96:1343-1359.
[17]魏俊浩,刘丛强,丁振举.热液型金矿床围岩蚀变过程中元素迁移规律——以张家口地区东坪、后沟、水晶屯金矿为例[J].矿物学报,2000,20(2):200-206.Wei J H,Liu C Q,Ding Z J.Active laws of element migration in wall-rock alteration processes for hydrothermal gold deposits:As evidenced by Dongping,Hougou and Shuijingtun gold deposits[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2000,20(2):200-206.(in Chinese)
[18]李保华,顾雪祥,付绍洪,等.贵州水银洞金矿床成矿流体不混溶的包裹体证据[J].地学前缘,2010,17(2):286-294.Li B H,Gu X X,Fu S X,et al.The evidence form fluid inclusions for the immiscibility of the oreforming fluids in the Shuiyindong gold deposits,Guizhou Province[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(2):286-294.(in Chinese)
[19]肖德长,李葆华,顾雪祥,等.贵州水银洞金矿床成矿物理化学条件及金的迁移和沉淀[J].物探化探计算技术,2012,34(1):73-79.Xiao D C,Li B H,Gu X X,et al.Physical-chemical conditions of mineralization and the transportion and deposition of Au in Shuiyindong gold deposits,Guizhou Province[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2012,34(1):73-79.(in Chinese)
[20]刘建中,邓一明,刘川勤,等.水银洞金矿床包裹体和同位素地球化学研究[J].贵州地质,2006,23(1):51-56.Liu J Z,Deng Y M,Liu C Q,et al.Geochemical studies on the inclusion and isotopes of the Shuiyindong gold deposit[J].Guizhou Geology,2006,23(1):51-56.(in Chinese)
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[22]Ryzhenko B N,Volkov V P.Fugacity coefficients of some gases in a broad range of temperatures and pressures[J].Geochemistry Internat,1971,8(4):468-481.
[23]刘斌,沈昆.流体包裹体热力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1999.Liu B,Shen K.Thermodynamic of Fluid Inclusions[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1999.(in Chinese)
[24]徐文炘.矿物包裹体中水溶气体成分的物理化学参数图解[J].矿产与地质,1991,3(5):200-206.Xu W X.Figures of physicochemical parameter of water-soluble gas composition in inclusions of minerals[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,1991,3(5):200-206.(in Chinese)
[25]Crerar D A,Barnes H L.Ore solution chemistry V:Solubilities of chalcopyrite and chalcocite assemblages in hydrothermal solution at 200℃to 350℃[J].Economic Geology,1976,71:772-794.
[26]Crerar D A,Susak N J,Borcsik M,et al.Solubility of the buffer as semblage pyrite+pyrrhotite+magnetite in NaCl solutions from 200to 350degrees C[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1978,42(9):1427-1438.
[27]Helgeson H C.Thermodynamics of hydrothermal systems at elevated temperatures and pressures[J].Am Jour Sci,1969,267(7):729-804.
[28]中国科学院矿床地球化学开放研究实验室.矿床地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.The Open Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Ore Deposit Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.(in Chinese)
[29]Gibert F,Pascal M L,Pichavant M.Gold solubility and speciation in hydrothermal solutions:Experimental study of the stability of hydrosulphide complex of gold(AuHS°)at 350to 450℃and 500bars[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1998,62(17):2931-2947.
[30]Tagirov B R,Salvi S,Schott J,et al.Experimental study of gold-hydrosulphide complexing in aqueous solutions at 350-500℃,500and 1000bars using mineral buffers[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2005,69(8):2119-2132.
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