模拟气候变暖和氮沉降对两种来源加拿大一枝黄花叶性状和性状谱的影响
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摘要
温度是影响植物生长的关键因子,氮是限制植物生长和光合作用的重要资源,两者对入侵植物的功能性状可能产生重要影响。为预测气候变暖和大气氮沉降背景下入侵植物的入侵性,以中国来源和北美来源的加拿大一枝黄花为入侵种,设置2℃增温和氮添加处理,研究了来源、增温和加氮对加拿大一枝黄花叶性状(叶绿素含量、叶面积和叶干物质含量)和性状谱的影响。结果表明:加拿大一枝黄花其中国来源比北美来源具有更低的叶干物质含量;2℃增温显著增大叶面积;加氮显著提高叶绿素含量;来源与增温的交互作用对叶面积影响显著。中国来源的加拿大一枝黄花叶面积与叶干物质含量呈显著负相关关系,增温使叶面积与叶绿素含量呈显著正相关关系,加氮使叶面积与叶绿素含量、叶面积与叶干物质含量分别呈显著正相关和显著负相关关系。由此推知,增温和加氮有可能增强加拿大一枝黄花叶片获取资源的能力,气候变暖和大气氮沉降可能提高加拿大一枝黄花的入侵性。
Temperature is a key factor that affects plant growth, and nitrogen(N) is an important resource for plant growth and photosynthesis. Changes in temperature and N may strongly influence the functional traits of invasive plants. The aim of this study was to predict the potential invasiveness of invasive plants in response to climate warming and atmospheric N deposition. We conducted a simulated warming and N deposition experiment at Chengdu. In this experiment, we selected Solidago canadensis from China and North America as the focal invader and set up four experimental treatments:(1) ambient,(2) warming(2℃ above the ambient),(3) N addition(4 g N m~(-2) a~(-1) in the form of NH_4NO_3), and(4) warming plus N addition. We determined three leaf traits, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area, and leaf dry matter content, as well as three relationships among the traits. Our results showed that Solidago canadensis from China had a lower leaf dry matter content than that from North America. Warming increased the leaf area of Solidago canadensis, and N addition increased its chlorophyll content. Sources and warming had significant effects on leaf area. The leaf area of S. canadensis from China decreased significantly with increasing leaf dry matter content. In the warming treatment, the leaf area of S. canadensis was significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll content; in the N addition treatment, the leaf area was significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll content and significantly negatively correlated with leaf dry matter content. These findings suggest that warming and N addition could enhance the ability of S. canadensis leaves to obtain resources. In addition, our results imply that climate warming and atmospheric N deposition may increase the invasion risk of Solidago canadensis.
Temperature is a key factor that affects plant growth, and nitrogen(N) is an important resource for plant growth and photosynthesis. Changes in temperature and N may strongly influence the functional traits of invasive plants. The aim of this study was to predict the potential invasiveness of invasive plants in response to climate warming and atmospheric N deposition. We conducted a simulated warming and N deposition experiment at Chengdu. In this experiment, we selected Solidago canadensis from China and North America as the focal invader and set up four experimental treatments:(1) ambient,(2) warming(2℃ above the ambient),(3) N addition(4 g N m~(-2) a~(-1) in the form of NH_4NO_3), and(4) warming plus N addition. We determined three leaf traits, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area, and leaf dry matter content, as well as three relationships among the traits. Our results showed that Solidago canadensis from China had a lower leaf dry matter content than that from North America. Warming increased the leaf area of Solidago canadensis, and N addition increased its chlorophyll content. Sources and warming had significant effects on leaf area. The leaf area of S. canadensis from China decreased significantly with increasing leaf dry matter content. In the warming treatment, the leaf area of S. canadensis was significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll content; in the N addition treatment, the leaf area was significantly positively correlated with chlorophyll content and significantly negatively correlated with leaf dry matter content. These findings suggest that warming and N addition could enhance the ability of S. canadensis leaves to obtain resources. In addition, our results imply that climate warming and atmospheric N deposition may increase the invasion risk of Solidago canadensis.
引文
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[6] Phoenix G K, Hicks W K, Cinderby S, Kuylenstierna J C I, Stock W D, Dentener F J, Giller K E, Austin A T, Lefroy R D B, Gimeno B S, Ashmore M R, Ineson P. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in world biodiversity hotspots: the need for a greater global perspective in assessing N deposition impacts. Global Change Biology, 2006, 12(3): 470-476.
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[13] Wang G L, Liu F. Carbon allocation of Chinese pine seedlings along a nitrogen addition gradient. Forest Ecology and Management, 2014, 334: 114-121.
[14] 彭扬. 增温加氮下加拿大一枝黄花生长发育特征比较[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2017: 11-21.
[15] 彭扬, 彭培好, 李景吉. 模拟氮沉降对矢车菊属植物Centaurea stoebe种群生长和竞争能力的影响. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(7): 679-685.
[16] 刘勤, 赖星竹, 李景吉, 彭培好. 模拟气候变暖对不同地区多斑矢车菊形态属性的影响. 西北植物学报, 2011, 31(10): 2078-2083.
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[18] 蒋高明, 何维明. 毛乌素沙地若干植物光合作用、蒸腾作用和水分利用效率种间及生境间差异. 植物学报, 1999, 41(10): 1114-1124.
[19] Vendramini F, Díaz S, Gurvich D E, Wilson P J, Thompson K, Hodgson J G. Leaf traits as indicators of resource-use strategy in floras with succulent species. New Phytologist, 2002, 154(1): 147-157.
[20] Ordonez A, Olff H. Do alien plant species profit more from high resource supply than natives? A trait-based analysis. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2013, 22(6): 648-658.
[21] Reich P B. Cornelissen H. The world-wide ‘fast-slow’ plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto. Journal of Ecology, 2014, 102(2): 275-301.
[22] 陈莹婷, 许振柱. 植物叶经济谱的研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(10): 1135-1153.
[23] 沈国辉, 钱振官, 柴晓玲, 陈建生, 管丽琴, 张毓敏. 加拿大一枝黄花的形态特征. 杂草科学, 2004, (4): 50-51.
[24] 董梅, 陆建忠, 张文驹, 陈家宽, 李博. 加拿大一枝黄花——一种正在迅速扩张的外来入侵植物. 植物分类学报, 2006, 44(1): 72-85.
[25] 郭水良, 方芳. 入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花对环境的生理适应性研究. 植物生态学报, 2003, 27(1): 47-52.
[26] Wan S Q, Xia J Y, Liu W X, Niu S L. Photosynthetic overcompensation under nocturnal warming enhances grassland carbon sequestration. Ecology, 2009, 90(10): 2700-2710.
[27] 任青吉, 李宏林, 卜海燕. 玛曲高寒沼泽化草甸51种植物光合生理和叶片形态特征的比较. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(6): 593-603.
[28] 王常顺, 汪诗平. 植物叶片性状对气候变化的响应研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2015, 39(2): 206-216.
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