综采工作面过大落差断层深孔预裂爆破技术
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摘要
为解决综采工作面遇大落差硬岩断层阻碍推采问题,分析传统过断层方法以及现有研究技术弊端,对过大落差断层深孔预裂爆破技术展开系统研究。针对大落差断层产状不明晰,过断层路径设计不精确的问题,提出了断层产状探测技术,优选断层探巷布置方案,根据其揭露信息建立了断层走向计算模型;针对深孔爆破技术在工作面、运输巷、回风巷不适用的问题,研究预掘爆破巷关键技术,提出了爆破巷布置原则及布置参数计算方法,确定了爆破巷内实施深孔预裂爆破的方案,设计了耳式硐室施工方法,解决了大药量集中爆破难题;基于岩石爆破理论,结合过大落差断层工程特点,针对性设计孔径、孔深、装药量、封堵长度、炮孔布置及爆破振动安全控制,形成了完整的爆破参数选取及计算方法。新巨龙煤矿2302N工作面下平巷揭露综合落差12. 5 m硬岩断层,通过下平巷揭露点依次布置的6个探测孔,探明了断层向工作面延展初始走向,设计了垂直断层走向、沿煤层底板掘进探巷方案以及沿断层下盘煤层底板掘进爆破巷方案;通过实测信息规划了过断层路径,根据路径内断层产状变化划分了8个爆破区域,设计了各区域内爆破布置参数,并借助数值模拟对爆破效果进行了预测分析。应用效果表明,爆破裂隙贯通效果良好,采煤机过断层截齿消耗减少了40%～50%,相比传统过断层方法节省了时间一倍以上。新巨龙煤矿多个工作面均成功完成了过大落差工程应用,在保障工作面高效连续推采、减少过断层成本、保证爆破安全等方面取得了良好的效果。
In order to solve the problem,that the hard rock fault with a large throw hinders the advance of a fully mechanized mining face,this paper analyzes the disadvantages of the traditional method for passing through the fault and the existing technologie.Also,the paper carries out a systematic study on the deep hole pre-splitting blasting tech-nology for passing through the fault with a large throw. Aiming at the problems of unclear occurrence of fault with a large throw and inaccurate designed path for passing through fault,it puts forward fault occurrence detection technology and the optimized layout for fault detection roadway.Based on the revealed information,the fault strike calculation model is established.Aiming at the problem that deep hole blasting technology is not suitable for working face and groove,it studies the key technology of pre-excavation blasting roadway,and puts forward the layout principle and calculation method of layout parameters of blasting roadway.It determines the scheme of deep hole pre-splitting blasting in blasting roadway,designs the construction method of ear chamber,and solves the problem of concentrated blasting with large amount of explosive.Based on the theory of rock blasting,combined with the characteristics of fault engineering with large throw difference,the blasting parameter selection and calculation method are completed by designing the hole diameter,hole depth,charge mass,plugging length,hole layout and blasting vibration safety control. The underground roadway of 2302 N working face at Xinjulong Coal Mine reveals a hard rock fault with a comprehensive drop 12.5 m.Through the exposure points of lower roadway and six detection holes arranged in sequence,the initial strike of the fault extending to the working face is verified,and the vertical strike of the fault,the driving scheme along the floor of the coal seam and the driving scheme along the floor of the coal seam under the fault are designed.Based on the measured information,it plans the path through the fault.According to the change of fault occurrence in the path,it divides eight blasting regions,designs the blasting layout parameters in each region,and predicts and analyzes the blasting effect by means of numerical simulation. The application results show that the blasting fissure penetration effect is good,the consumption of shearer picks through the fault is reduced by 40%-50%,and the time is reduced to half compared with the time using traditional method through the fault. The technology for passing large throw fault have been successfully applied in many working faces in Xinjulong coal mine.It has achieved good results in ensuring high efficiency continuous mining,reducing the cost of passing through fault and ensuring blasting safety. The practice has proved that this technique is widely applicable in dealing with large throw fault at a fully mechanized mining face.
In order to solve the problem,that the hard rock fault with a large throw hinders the advance of a fully mechanized mining face,this paper analyzes the disadvantages of the traditional method for passing through the fault and the existing technologie.Also,the paper carries out a systematic study on the deep hole pre-splitting blasting tech-nology for passing through the fault with a large throw. Aiming at the problems of unclear occurrence of fault with a large throw and inaccurate designed path for passing through fault,it puts forward fault occurrence detection technology and the optimized layout for fault detection roadway.Based on the revealed information,the fault strike calculation model is established.Aiming at the problem that deep hole blasting technology is not suitable for working face and groove,it studies the key technology of pre-excavation blasting roadway,and puts forward the layout principle and calculation method of layout parameters of blasting roadway.It determines the scheme of deep hole pre-splitting blasting in blasting roadway,designs the construction method of ear chamber,and solves the problem of concentrated blasting with large amount of explosive.Based on the theory of rock blasting,combined with the characteristics of fault engineering with large throw difference,the blasting parameter selection and calculation method are completed by designing the hole diameter,hole depth,charge mass,plugging length,hole layout and blasting vibration safety control. The underground roadway of 2302 N working face at Xinjulong Coal Mine reveals a hard rock fault with a comprehensive drop 12.5 m.Through the exposure points of lower roadway and six detection holes arranged in sequence,the initial strike of the fault extending to the working face is verified,and the vertical strike of the fault,the driving scheme along the floor of the coal seam and the driving scheme along the floor of the coal seam under the fault are designed.Based on the measured information,it plans the path through the fault.According to the change of fault occurrence in the path,it divides eight blasting regions,designs the blasting layout parameters in each region,and predicts and analyzes the blasting effect by means of numerical simulation. The application results show that the blasting fissure penetration effect is good,the consumption of shearer picks through the fault is reduced by 40%-50%,and the time is reduced to half compared with the time using traditional method through the fault. The technology for passing large throw fault have been successfully applied in many working faces in Xinjulong coal mine.It has achieved good results in ensuring high efficiency continuous mining,reducing the cost of passing through fault and ensuring blasting safety. The practice has proved that this technique is widely applicable in dealing with large throw fault at a fully mechanized mining face.
引文
[1]郭守泉,彭永伟.综采工作面过断层技术综述[J].煤矿开采,2008,13(4):30-31.GUO Shouquan,PENG Yongwei. Summarization of pushing through fault technology in fully mechanized caving face[J]. Coal Mining Technology,2008,13(4):30-31.
[2]马立强,余伊河,金志远,等.大倾角综放面预掘巷道群快速过断层技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(1):84-89.MA Liqiang,YU Yihe,JIN Zhiyuan,et al.Fast pushing through fault of the predriven roadway groups in fully mechanized top coal caving face with big dip angle[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(1):84-89.
[3]李春茂,樊少武.复杂地质条件下综采工作面深孔松动爆破技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2007,35(5):33-35.LI Chunmao,FAN Shaowu.Application of vibration blasting technology with deep boreholes to fully mechanized longwall mining face under complicated mining technology[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2007,35(5):33-35.
[4]黄文尧,穆朝民,宗琦,等.水胶药柱深孔预裂爆破弱化综采面硬岩断层分析[J].重庆大学学报,2013,36(7):102-107.HUANG Wenyao,MU Chaomin,ZONG Qi,et al.Analysis on weakening hard rock used by long-hole presplitting blast in fully mechanized coal face with water-gel explosive grain[J]. Journal of Chongqing University,2013,36(7):102-107.
[5]王红浩,王宏耀,王明甫,等.松动爆破在硬煤综采工作面过断层技术中的应用[J].煤炭工程,2018,50(2):70-72,77.WANG Honghao,WANG Hongyao,WANG Mingfu,et al.Application of loosening blasting technology for hard coal fully mechanized mining face passing through fault[J]. Coal Engineering,2018,50(2):70-72,77.
[6]李卫平.采煤工作面过断层爆破工艺[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(2):139-142.LI Weiping.Blasting technique for coal face crossing fault[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(2):139-142.
[7]王晔.综放工作面快速过断层方法——预掘爆破巷[J].西安科技大学学报,2011,31(3):267-270.WANG Ye.Full mechanized face tomography method pre-excavation blasting Xiang[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2011,31(3):267-270.
[8]蔡峰,刘泽功.耦合装药特性对深孔预裂爆破应力波能量衰减的影响[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(S2):384-389.CAI Feng,LIU Zegong.Impact of coupling charge properties on energy attenuation of stress waves of deep-hole presplit blast[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(S2):384-389.
[9]蔡峰,刘泽功.岩石爆破损伤SPH-FEM耦合法数值模拟分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(5):840-845.CAI Feng,LIU Zegong.Numerical simulation and analysis of blasting process in rock using SPH-FEM coupling algorithm[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(5):840-845.
[10]石斌.地下煤层水平超深孔松动爆破技术实验研究[D].包头:内蒙古科技大学,2013.SHI Bin. Study of ultra-deep hole loose blasting in underground coal[D]. Baotou:Inner Mongolia University of Science&Technology,2013.
[11]邵晓亮,徐全军,贺五一,等.鲍列斯柯夫公式在深孔爆破中的应用[J].爆破,2005,22(2):52-53,69.SHAO Xiaoliang,XU Quanjun,HE Wuyi,et al. The Calculation of deep hole blasting bottom burden by Boreskov Formula[J].Blasting,2005,22(2):52-53,69.
[12]伍清.早强速凝爆破封孔材料的实验研究与应用[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2017.WU Qing.Experimental study and application of early strength and rapid solidification blasting sealing material[D]. Huainan:An Hui University of Science and Technology,2017.
[13]陈士海,陈昌.试论台阶爆破的合理封堵长度[J].煤矿爆破,1997(4):22-23.CHEN Shihai,CHEN Chang. Study on blasting a reasonable stem length on the beach[J].Coal Mine Blasting,1997(4):22-23.
[14]戴俊.柱状装药爆破的岩石压碎圈与裂隙圈计算[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2001,20(2):144-147.DAI Jun. Calculation of radii of the broken and cracked areas in rock by a long charge explosion[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University:Natural Science,2001,20(2):144-147.
[15]吴帅,李廷春,贾绪路,等.过大落差断层深孔预裂爆破合理孔距研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(6):163-166.WU Shuai,LI Tingchun,JIA Xulu,et al. Research on reasonable hole space of deep hole pre-splitting blasting through high drop fault[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(6):163-166.
[16]白羽,朱万成,魏晨慧,等.不同地应力条件下双孔爆破的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2013,34(S1):466-471.BAI Yu,ZHU Wancheng,WEI Chenhui,et al. Numerical simulation two-hole blasting under different in-situ stress conditions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(S1):466-471.
[17] LI Xinping,HUANG Junhong,LUO Yi,et al.Numerical simulation of blast vibration and crack forming effect of rock-anchored beam excavation in deep underground caverns[J]. Shock and Vibration,2017(2017):1-13.
[18]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB6722—2014爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[19]汪海波,徐轩,宗琦,等.综掘硬岩段深孔超前爆破研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(4):908-915.WANG Haibo,XU Xuan,ZONG Qi,et al.Research and application of hard rock deephole advance blasting in comprehensive roadway excavation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(4):908-915.
[20]杨风威,李海波,刘亚群,等.台阶与预裂爆破岩体振动特征的对比研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(8):1285-1291.LI Fengwei,LI Haibo,LIU Yaqun,et al. Comparative study on vibration characteristics of rock mass induced by bench blasting and pre-splitting blasting[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(8):1285-1291.
[21] KUMAR A.Effect of stress rate and temperature on the strength of basalt and granite[J].Geophysics,1968,33(3):501-510.
[22]尹小涛,丁卫华,李春光,等.中等应变速率对砂岩破坏形态和力学性质的影响[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2010,44(10):1944-1949,1978.YIN Xiaotao,DING Weihua,LI Chunguang,et al.Rupture and mechanics behavior of sandstone affected by medium strain rate[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2010,44(10):1944-1949,1978.
[23]黄志平,唐春安,朱万成,等.动载荷条件下波长对岩石试件破坏模式影响的数值模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(7):1048-1053.HUANG Zhiping,TANG Chun’an,ZHU Wancheng,et al. Numerical simulation on failure modes of rock bars under different wave lengths[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(7):1048-1053.
[2]马立强,余伊河,金志远,等.大倾角综放面预掘巷道群快速过断层技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(1):84-89.MA Liqiang,YU Yihe,JIN Zhiyuan,et al.Fast pushing through fault of the predriven roadway groups in fully mechanized top coal caving face with big dip angle[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(1):84-89.
[3]李春茂,樊少武.复杂地质条件下综采工作面深孔松动爆破技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2007,35(5):33-35.LI Chunmao,FAN Shaowu.Application of vibration blasting technology with deep boreholes to fully mechanized longwall mining face under complicated mining technology[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2007,35(5):33-35.
[4]黄文尧,穆朝民,宗琦,等.水胶药柱深孔预裂爆破弱化综采面硬岩断层分析[J].重庆大学学报,2013,36(7):102-107.HUANG Wenyao,MU Chaomin,ZONG Qi,et al.Analysis on weakening hard rock used by long-hole presplitting blast in fully mechanized coal face with water-gel explosive grain[J]. Journal of Chongqing University,2013,36(7):102-107.
[5]王红浩,王宏耀,王明甫,等.松动爆破在硬煤综采工作面过断层技术中的应用[J].煤炭工程,2018,50(2):70-72,77.WANG Honghao,WANG Hongyao,WANG Mingfu,et al.Application of loosening blasting technology for hard coal fully mechanized mining face passing through fault[J]. Coal Engineering,2018,50(2):70-72,77.
[6]李卫平.采煤工作面过断层爆破工艺[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(2):139-142.LI Weiping.Blasting technique for coal face crossing fault[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(2):139-142.
[7]王晔.综放工作面快速过断层方法——预掘爆破巷[J].西安科技大学学报,2011,31(3):267-270.WANG Ye.Full mechanized face tomography method pre-excavation blasting Xiang[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2011,31(3):267-270.
[8]蔡峰,刘泽功.耦合装药特性对深孔预裂爆破应力波能量衰减的影响[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(S2):384-389.CAI Feng,LIU Zegong.Impact of coupling charge properties on energy attenuation of stress waves of deep-hole presplit blast[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(S2):384-389.
[9]蔡峰,刘泽功.岩石爆破损伤SPH-FEM耦合法数值模拟分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2015,32(5):840-845.CAI Feng,LIU Zegong.Numerical simulation and analysis of blasting process in rock using SPH-FEM coupling algorithm[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2015,32(5):840-845.
[10]石斌.地下煤层水平超深孔松动爆破技术实验研究[D].包头:内蒙古科技大学,2013.SHI Bin. Study of ultra-deep hole loose blasting in underground coal[D]. Baotou:Inner Mongolia University of Science&Technology,2013.
[11]邵晓亮,徐全军,贺五一,等.鲍列斯柯夫公式在深孔爆破中的应用[J].爆破,2005,22(2):52-53,69.SHAO Xiaoliang,XU Quanjun,HE Wuyi,et al. The Calculation of deep hole blasting bottom burden by Boreskov Formula[J].Blasting,2005,22(2):52-53,69.
[12]伍清.早强速凝爆破封孔材料的实验研究与应用[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2017.WU Qing.Experimental study and application of early strength and rapid solidification blasting sealing material[D]. Huainan:An Hui University of Science and Technology,2017.
[13]陈士海,陈昌.试论台阶爆破的合理封堵长度[J].煤矿爆破,1997(4):22-23.CHEN Shihai,CHEN Chang. Study on blasting a reasonable stem length on the beach[J].Coal Mine Blasting,1997(4):22-23.
[14]戴俊.柱状装药爆破的岩石压碎圈与裂隙圈计算[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2001,20(2):144-147.DAI Jun. Calculation of radii of the broken and cracked areas in rock by a long charge explosion[J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University:Natural Science,2001,20(2):144-147.
[15]吴帅,李廷春,贾绪路,等.过大落差断层深孔预裂爆破合理孔距研究[J].科学技术与工程,2017,17(6):163-166.WU Shuai,LI Tingchun,JIA Xulu,et al. Research on reasonable hole space of deep hole pre-splitting blasting through high drop fault[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2017,17(6):163-166.
[16]白羽,朱万成,魏晨慧,等.不同地应力条件下双孔爆破的数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2013,34(S1):466-471.BAI Yu,ZHU Wancheng,WEI Chenhui,et al. Numerical simulation two-hole blasting under different in-situ stress conditions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(S1):466-471.
[17] LI Xinping,HUANG Junhong,LUO Yi,et al.Numerical simulation of blast vibration and crack forming effect of rock-anchored beam excavation in deep underground caverns[J]. Shock and Vibration,2017(2017):1-13.
[18]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB6722—2014爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[19]汪海波,徐轩,宗琦,等.综掘硬岩段深孔超前爆破研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(4):908-915.WANG Haibo,XU Xuan,ZONG Qi,et al.Research and application of hard rock deephole advance blasting in comprehensive roadway excavation[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(4):908-915.
[20]杨风威,李海波,刘亚群,等.台阶与预裂爆破岩体振动特征的对比研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(8):1285-1291.LI Fengwei,LI Haibo,LIU Yaqun,et al. Comparative study on vibration characteristics of rock mass induced by bench blasting and pre-splitting blasting[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(8):1285-1291.
[21] KUMAR A.Effect of stress rate and temperature on the strength of basalt and granite[J].Geophysics,1968,33(3):501-510.
[22]尹小涛,丁卫华,李春光,等.中等应变速率对砂岩破坏形态和力学性质的影响[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2010,44(10):1944-1949,1978.YIN Xiaotao,DING Weihua,LI Chunguang,et al.Rupture and mechanics behavior of sandstone affected by medium strain rate[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2010,44(10):1944-1949,1978.
[23]黄志平,唐春安,朱万成,等.动载荷条件下波长对岩石试件破坏模式影响的数值模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(7):1048-1053.HUANG Zhiping,TANG Chun’an,ZHU Wancheng,et al. Numerical simulation on failure modes of rock bars under different wave lengths[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(7):1048-1053.