大巴山冲断带下寒武统页岩气构造保存单元划分及分区评价
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摘要
大巴山冲断带下寒武统具有较好的页岩气发育物质基础,钻井显示了一定的资源潜力,但在强烈的构造作用下,构造保存条件具有复杂性和差异性,这也是影响该区下寒武统页岩气勘探的关键。采用野外地质调查、地球物理解释、分析测试等方法,将大巴山划分为5个页岩气构造保存单元,分别为南大巴山前缘褶皱单元(Ⅰ)、对冲断褶单元(Ⅱ)、叠瓦断夹片单元(Ⅲ)、北大巴山线状复式向斜—浅变质单元(Ⅳ)及穹窿状复式背斜—深变质单元(Ⅴ)。综合考虑大巴山抬升剥蚀作用、封盖条件、断裂发育、地层破碎程度、构造样式、变质作用与岩浆活动等构造因素对下寒武统页岩气保存的影响,对各构造保存单元进行分区评价,评价结果显示各构造保存单元保存指数分别为:Ⅰ:0.84;Ⅱ:0.72;Ⅲ:0.365;Ⅳ:0.54;Ⅴ:0.365。针对该区提出了圈闭保存型、断裂逸散型、散失残存型、散失破坏型等4种页岩气构造保存模式,其中,圈闭保存型比较有利于页岩气的富集与保存,主要表现在构造相对稳定宽缓的南大巴山前缘褶皱带,下寒武统埋深较浅的背斜构造是下一步页岩气勘探的有利方向。
The shale gas development material basis is relatively good in the Lower Cambrian in the Dabashan thrust belt,and the drilling data show potential of shale gas resources.However,as a result of intense tectonism,the shale gas tectonic preservation conditions are complex and diverse,and this is also the key to shale gas exploration of the Lower Cambrian.By the methods of field geological investigation,geophysical interpretation and analytical test method,etc.,Dabashan could be divided into five tectonic preservation units of shale gas,which includes south Dabashan mountain front fold unit(Ⅰ),thrust fold unit(Ⅱ),imbricate fault clip unit(Ⅲ),north Dabashan linear compound synclinal-shallow metamorphic unit(Ⅳ)and fornix compound anticline-deep metamorphic unit(Ⅴ).Comprehensively analyzing tectonic factors on the impact of Lower Cambrian shale gas preservation,such as Dabashan mountain uplift and denudation,sealed condition,fracture development,strata broken degree,tectonic style,metamorphism and magmatic activity,etc.,through zoning evaluation,the results show that preservation index of the tectonic preservation units respectively are:Ⅰ:0.84;Ⅱ:0.72;Ⅲ:0.365;Ⅳ:0.54;Ⅴ:0.365.Four kinds of shale gas tectonic preservation patterns are presented for this area,which includes trap preservation model,fracture dissipation model,loss residual model and loss damage model.Trap preservation model is more helpful for accumulating and preserving shale gas,which is mainly in relatively stable south Dabashan mountain front fold belt.The anticline structure with a shallow depth of Lower Cambrian is the beneficial exploration direction of shale gas of next step.
The shale gas development material basis is relatively good in the Lower Cambrian in the Dabashan thrust belt,and the drilling data show potential of shale gas resources.However,as a result of intense tectonism,the shale gas tectonic preservation conditions are complex and diverse,and this is also the key to shale gas exploration of the Lower Cambrian.By the methods of field geological investigation,geophysical interpretation and analytical test method,etc.,Dabashan could be divided into five tectonic preservation units of shale gas,which includes south Dabashan mountain front fold unit(Ⅰ),thrust fold unit(Ⅱ),imbricate fault clip unit(Ⅲ),north Dabashan linear compound synclinal-shallow metamorphic unit(Ⅳ)and fornix compound anticline-deep metamorphic unit(Ⅴ).Comprehensively analyzing tectonic factors on the impact of Lower Cambrian shale gas preservation,such as Dabashan mountain uplift and denudation,sealed condition,fracture development,strata broken degree,tectonic style,metamorphism and magmatic activity,etc.,through zoning evaluation,the results show that preservation index of the tectonic preservation units respectively are:Ⅰ:0.84;Ⅱ:0.72;Ⅲ:0.365;Ⅳ:0.54;Ⅴ:0.365.Four kinds of shale gas tectonic preservation patterns are presented for this area,which includes trap preservation model,fracture dissipation model,loss residual model and loss damage model.Trap preservation model is more helpful for accumulating and preserving shale gas,which is mainly in relatively stable south Dabashan mountain front fold belt.The anticline structure with a shallow depth of Lower Cambrian is the beneficial exploration direction of shale gas of next step.
引文
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[19]Luo Kunli,Pan Yuntang,Wang Wuyi,et al.Selenium content and distribution pattern in the Palaeozoic strata in the southern Qinling Mountains[J].Geological Review,2001,47(2):211-216.雒昆利,潘云唐,王五一,等.南秦岭早古生代地层含硒量及硒的分布规律[J].地质论评,2001,47(2):211-216.
[20]Zhang Jingping,Tang Shuheng,Guo Dongxin.Shale gas favorable area prediction of the Qiongzhusi Formation and Longmaxi Formation of Lower Palaeozoic in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2011,30(2/3):357-363.张静平,唐书恒,郭东鑫.四川盆地下古生界筇竹寺组与龙马溪组页岩气勘探优选区预测[J].地质通报,2011,30(2/3):357-363.
[21]Yu Chuan,Nie Haikuan,Zeng Chunlin,et al.Shale reservoir space characteristics and the effect on gas content in Lower Palaeozoic Erathem of the eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(7):1311-1319.余川,聂海宽,曾春林,等.四川盆地东部下古生界页岩储集空间特征及其对含气性的影响[J].地质学报,2014,88(7):1311-1319.
[22]Long Pengyu,Zhang Jinchuan,Li Yuxi,et al.Reservoir-forming conditions and strategic select favorable area of shale gas in the Lower Paleozoic of Chongqing and its adjacent areas[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,29(2):221-233.龙鹏宇,张金川,李玉喜,等.重庆及其周缘地区下古生界页岩气成藏条件及有利区预测[J].地学前缘,2012,29(2):221-233.
[23]Nie Haikuan,Zhang Jinchuan,Bao Shujing,et al.Study on the accumulation systems of shale gas:Taking the Lower Cambrian in Sichuan Basin and its periphery as an example[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2012,27(3):8-14.聂海宽,张金川,包书景,等.页岩气成藏体系研究——以四川盆地及其周缘下寒武统为例[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,27(3):8-14.
[24]Zhang Qi,Jin Weijun,Wang Jinrong,et al.Relationship between magma-thermal field and hydrocarbon accumulaiton[J].Progress in Geophysics,2016,31(4):1525-1541.张旗,金维浚,王金荣,等.岩浆热场对油气成藏的影响[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(4):1525-1541.
[2]Zou Caineng,Dong Dazhong,Wang Shejiao,et al.Geological characteristics,formation mechanism and resource potential of shale gas in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):641-653.邹才能,董大忠,王社教,等.中国页岩气形成机理、地质特征及资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):641-653.
[3]Jia Chengzao,Zheng Min,Zhang Yongfeng.Unconventional hydrocarbon resources in China and the prospect of exploration and development[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(2):129-135.贾承造,郑民,张永峰.中国非常规油气资源与勘探开发前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(2):129-135.
[4]Dong Dazhong,Zou Caineng,Yang Hua,et al.Progress and prospects of shale gas exploration and development in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(supplement 1):107-113.董大忠,邹才能,杨桦,等.中国页岩气勘探开发进展与发展前景[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊1):107-113.
[5]Wang Zhongcheng,Fan Delian,Chen Jinshi.Origin of witherite ore deposits in early Cambrian Dabashan black shale series[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,1992(3):237-248.王忠诚,范德廉,陈锦石.大巴山下寒武统黑色岩系中毒重石矿床的成因探讨[J].地质科学,1992(3):237-248.
[6]Lv Zhicheng,Liu Congqiang,Liu Jiajun,et al.Geochemical studies on the Lower Cambrian witherite-bearing cherts in the northern Daba Mountains[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,78(3):390-406.吕志成,刘丛强,刘家军,等.北大巴山下寒武统毒重石矿床赋矿硅质岩地球化学研究[J].地质学报,2004,78(3):390-406.
[7]Luo Kunli,Tan Jianan,Wang Wuyi,et al.Chemical mobility of selenium in Early Paleozoic rock and stone coal in Daba Mountain,south Qinling[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2002,22(1):86-91.锥昆利,谭见安,王五一,等.大巴山区早古生代地层和石煤中硒的化学活动性的初步研究[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(1):86-91.
[8]Wang Zecheng,Zhao Wenzhi,Xu Anna,et al.Structure styles and their defoimation mechanigns of Dabashan foreland thrust belt in the north or Sichuan Basin[J].Geoscience,2006,20(3):429-435.汪泽成,赵文智,徐安娜,等.四川盆地北部大巴山山前带构造样式与变形机制[J].现代地质,2006,20(3):429-435.
[9]Yue Guangyu.Tectonic characteristics and tectonic evolution of Dabashan orogenic belt and its foreland basin[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,1998,18(supplement 1):8-15.乐光禹.大巴山造山带及其前陆盆地的构造特征和构造演化[J].矿物岩石,1998,18(增刊1):8-15.
[10]Hu Dongfeng,Zhang Hanrong,Ni Kai,et al.Main controlling factors for gas preservation conditions of marine shales in southeastern margins of the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(6):17-23.胡东风,张汉荣,倪楷,等.四川盆地东南缘海相页岩气保存条件及其主控因素[J].天然气工业,2014,34(6):17-23.
[11]Wei Xiangfeng,Li Yuping,Wei Zhihong,et al.Effects of preservation conditions on enrichment and high yield of shale gas in Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(2):149-153.魏祥峰,李宇平,魏志红,等.保存条件对四川盆地及周缘海相页岩气富集高产的影响机制[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(2):149-153.
[12]Nie Haikuan,Zhang Jinchuan.Shale gas reservoir distribution geological law,characteristics and suggestions[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2010,41(2):700-707.聂海宽,张金川.页岩气藏分布地质规律与特征[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,41(2):700-707.
[13]Hao Fang,Zou Huayang,Lu Yongchao,Mechanisms of shale gas storge:Implications for shale gas exploration in China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2013,97(8):1325-1346.
[14]Tang Jiguang,Li Yu,Wang Kaiming,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of effective preservation zone of Longmaxi Formation shale gas in the southeast Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(5):15-23.汤济广,李豫,汪凯明,等.四川盆地东南地区龙马溪组页岩气有效保存区综合评价[J].天然气工业,2015,35(5):15-23.
[15]Nie Haikuan,Bao Shujing,Gao Bo,et al.A study of shale gas preservation conditions for the Lower Paleozoic in Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(3):280-294.聂海宽,包书景,高波,等.四川盆地及其周缘下古生界页岩气保存条件研究[J].地学前缘,2012,19(3):280-294.
[16]Cheng Lingyun,Yong Ziquan,Wang Tianyi,et al.Evaluation index of shale gas preservation for Niutitang Formation in the strong transformation zone[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(12):2408-2416.程凌云,雍自权,王天依,等.强改造区牛蹄塘组页岩气保存条件指数评价[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(12):2408-2416.
[17]Li Zhiwu,Liu Shugen,Luo Yuhong,et al.Structural style and deformational mechanism of southern Dabashan foreland foldthrust belt in central China[J].Geotectonicaet Metallogenia,2006,30(3):294-304.李智武,刘树根,罗玉宏,等.南大巴山前陆冲断带构造样式及变形机制分析[J].大地构造与成矿学,2006,30(3):294-304.
[18]Hu Jianmin,Shi Wei,Qu Hongjie,et al.Mesozoic deformation of Dabashan curvilinear structural belt of Qinling orogen[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2009,16(3):49-68.胡健民,施炜,渠洪杰,等.秦岭造山带大巴山弧形构造带中生代构造变形[J].地学前缘,2009,16(3):49-68.
[19]Luo Kunli,Pan Yuntang,Wang Wuyi,et al.Selenium content and distribution pattern in the Palaeozoic strata in the southern Qinling Mountains[J].Geological Review,2001,47(2):211-216.雒昆利,潘云唐,王五一,等.南秦岭早古生代地层含硒量及硒的分布规律[J].地质论评,2001,47(2):211-216.
[20]Zhang Jingping,Tang Shuheng,Guo Dongxin.Shale gas favorable area prediction of the Qiongzhusi Formation and Longmaxi Formation of Lower Palaeozoic in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2011,30(2/3):357-363.张静平,唐书恒,郭东鑫.四川盆地下古生界筇竹寺组与龙马溪组页岩气勘探优选区预测[J].地质通报,2011,30(2/3):357-363.
[21]Yu Chuan,Nie Haikuan,Zeng Chunlin,et al.Shale reservoir space characteristics and the effect on gas content in Lower Palaeozoic Erathem of the eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(7):1311-1319.余川,聂海宽,曾春林,等.四川盆地东部下古生界页岩储集空间特征及其对含气性的影响[J].地质学报,2014,88(7):1311-1319.
[22]Long Pengyu,Zhang Jinchuan,Li Yuxi,et al.Reservoir-forming conditions and strategic select favorable area of shale gas in the Lower Paleozoic of Chongqing and its adjacent areas[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,29(2):221-233.龙鹏宇,张金川,李玉喜,等.重庆及其周缘地区下古生界页岩气成藏条件及有利区预测[J].地学前缘,2012,29(2):221-233.
[23]Nie Haikuan,Zhang Jinchuan,Bao Shujing,et al.Study on the accumulation systems of shale gas:Taking the Lower Cambrian in Sichuan Basin and its periphery as an example[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2012,27(3):8-14.聂海宽,张金川,包书景,等.页岩气成藏体系研究——以四川盆地及其周缘下寒武统为例[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,27(3):8-14.
[24]Zhang Qi,Jin Weijun,Wang Jinrong,et al.Relationship between magma-thermal field and hydrocarbon accumulaiton[J].Progress in Geophysics,2016,31(4):1525-1541.张旗,金维浚,王金荣,等.岩浆热场对油气成藏的影响[J].地球物理学进展,2016,31(4):1525-1541.