响应面法优化莲子多糖提取工艺的研究
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摘要
为优化莲子多糖的提取工艺,以热水浸提方法,考察浸提温度、浸提时间、液料比三因素对莲子多糖得率的影响,在此基础上,设计响应面法Box-Benhnken中心组合实验,对莲子多糖热水浸提工艺进行优化,得到莲子多糖热水浸提的最佳提取条件:浸提温度为83℃、浸提时间为3 h、液料比为30∶1 m L/g,莲子多糖得率为8.13%±0.04%,与理论预测值基本一致(相差百分比小于1%),响应面法能较好地应用在莲子多糖热水浸提工艺中。采用环境扫描电镜观察和分析浸提前后莲子粉末的微观形态,结果显示:经热水浸提,莲子细胞完整性被破坏,粉末呈大小不一的片状,且表面粗糙,呈不规则裂痕及沟壑状纹路,浸提前后莲子粉末微观结构差异明显。可见,所采用的热水浸提工艺能较好地将莲子细胞及细胞壁中可溶性多糖浸提出来。
In order to obtain the best condition of hot water extraction of lotus seed polysaccharides,the effects of three single factors( extraction temperature,extraction time,ratio of water volume to raw material weight( w/m ratio)) on the yield of lotus seed polysaccharides were investigated.Based on the data of single factor experiments,the optimal extraction technology of lotus seed polysaccharides was obtained by response surface methodology was as follows.: extraction temperature was 83 ℃,extraction time was 3 h,the ratio of water volume to raw material weight( w/m) was 30 ∶ 1 m L/g. Under these conditions,the yield of polysaccharides was 8.13% ± 0.04%,which was consistent with the theoretical prediction value( difference value lower than 1%).Moreover,the microstructure of lotus seed powder before extraction and after extraction were observed and compared by environmental scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that: the whole cells of lotus seed powder were destroyed after hot-water extraction. The powder was different sizes,and its surface displayed schistose shapes,rough and irregular cracks.The microstructure of lotus seed powder before and after extraction was significantly different.It indicated that the soluble polysaccharides could be extracted greatly from lotus seed powder using the optimized hot water extraction process.
In order to obtain the best condition of hot water extraction of lotus seed polysaccharides,the effects of three single factors( extraction temperature,extraction time,ratio of water volume to raw material weight( w/m ratio)) on the yield of lotus seed polysaccharides were investigated.Based on the data of single factor experiments,the optimal extraction technology of lotus seed polysaccharides was obtained by response surface methodology was as follows.: extraction temperature was 83 ℃,extraction time was 3 h,the ratio of water volume to raw material weight( w/m) was 30 ∶ 1 m L/g. Under these conditions,the yield of polysaccharides was 8.13% ± 0.04%,which was consistent with the theoretical prediction value( difference value lower than 1%).Moreover,the microstructure of lotus seed powder before extraction and after extraction were observed and compared by environmental scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that: the whole cells of lotus seed powder were destroyed after hot-water extraction. The powder was different sizes,and its surface displayed schistose shapes,rough and irregular cracks.The microstructure of lotus seed powder before and after extraction was significantly different.It indicated that the soluble polysaccharides could be extracted greatly from lotus seed powder using the optimized hot water extraction process.
引文
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[21]曾绍校,郑宝东,林鸳缘,等.莲子淀粉颗粒特性的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2009,24(8):62-64.
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[2]郑宝东,郑金贵,曾绍校.我国主要莲子品种中三种功效成分的研究[J].营养学报,2004,26(2):158-160.
[3]Miao M S,Yang Y L,Fang X Y.Effect of semen nelumbinis polysaccharide on the immune function of cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressed mice[J].Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research,2008,12(53):10477-10480.
[4]苗明三,徐瑜玲,方晓艳.莲子多糖对衰老模型小鼠抗氧化作用的研究[J].中国现代应用药学,2005,22(1):11-12.
[5]叶勇.植物多糖的分离纯化与制备[J].中国食品添加剂,2001(5):29-31.
[6]薛丹,黄豆豆,黄光辉,等.植物多糖提取分离纯化的研究进展[J].中药材,2014,37(1):157-161.
[7]Ren C J,Yao H J,Wang C M,et al.Study on Acid Extraction Technology of Polysaccharide from Peanut Meal[J].Food Science,2007.
[8]Tian L,Xuan Y F,Fan R J,et al.Ethanol-alkali Extraction Method of Astragalus Polysaccharides[J].Journal of Jilin University,2006,44(4).
[9]You Q,Yin X,Zhao Y.Enzyme assisted extraction of polysaccharides from the fruit of Cornus officinalis[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2013,98(1):607-610.
[10]Chen R,Li Y,Dong H,et al.Optimization of ultrasonic extraction process of polysaccharides from Ornithogalum Caudatum Ait and evaluation of its biological activities[J].Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2012,19(6):1160-1168.
[11]Tao X,Zhan Y,Zhou Q Y,et al.Optimization of Ultra-High Pressure Extraction Process of Polysaccharides from Dendrobium Candidum by Response Surface Method[J].Advanced Materials Research,2012,550-553:1796-1800.
[12]廖维良,赵美顺,杨红.超声波辅助提取技术研究进展[J].广东药学院学报,2012,28(3):347-350.
[13]樊亚鸣,周叶燕,陈永亨,等.工业化微波提取工艺及设备的关键技术研究[J].广州大学学报:自然科学版,2011,10(4):20-23.
[14]Li P,Wang Y H,Ma R Y.Water extraction conditions of polysaccharide from Fructus corni[J].Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2003,30(1):13-16.
[15]郑朋朋,李珊,陈玉惠,等.响应面法优化萌发菌HL-003胞内多糖提取工艺[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(15):219-223.
[16]马艺丹,刘红,马思聪,等.神秘果种子多糖的响应面优化提取及其抗氧化活性研究[J].食品工业科技,2016,37(10).
[17]刘军海,黄宝旭,蒋德超.响应面分析法优化艾叶多糖提取工艺研究[J].食品科学,2009,30(2):99-103.
[18]李颖畅,王亚丽,齐凤元,等.响应面法优化蓝莓叶多糖提取工艺[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(3):227-231.
[19]王超,甄润英.海芦笋多糖超声波辅助提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究[J].食品与机械,2012,28(6):138-141.
[20]应芝,励建荣,韩晓祥.响应面分析法优化桑叶多糖提取工艺的研究[J].中国食品学报,2008,8(4):39-45.
[21]曾绍校,郑宝东,林鸳缘,等.莲子淀粉颗粒特性的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2009,24(8):62-64.
[22]高德禄,张和民,苏秀珍.扫描电镜下的植物细胞结构[J].植物杂志,1989(5):2.
[23]周苹,柴颖,黄祥辉,等.元麦叶肉原生质体细胞壁再生过程中的扫描电镜观察及过氧化物酶活性[J].Journal of Molecular Cell Biology,1986(2):12-20.
[24]严青.不完全糊化法研究淀粉颗粒的外壳和小体结构[D].西安:陕西科技大学,2015.
[25]薛芳,颜瑞,王承明.超声辅助碱提取花生多糖的研究[J].食品科学,2008,29(8):158-163.