燃用劣质煤大型循环流化床锅炉超低排放技术研究与应用
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摘要
针对燃用劣质煤的循环流化床(CFB)锅炉,通过锅炉本体设计的改进、烟气净化系统的优化,提出炉内清洁高效燃烧+炉内细石灰石粉脱硫+炉内SNCR脱硝+尾部烟气循环流化床半干法多污染物联合脱除的技术路线,并在2台300 MW CFB锅炉上进行验证实验。结果表明,通过燃烧调整、脱硫与脱硝的匹配,CFB锅炉可以顺利实现NO_x、SO_2和粉尘的超低排放,并且在经济性方面较传统工艺具有明显优势。
By improving the boiler design and optimizing the flue gas cleaning system, a new technical route is proposed for CFB boilers burning low-rank coals, in which four technologies are implemented together, i.e., the ultra-clean and high-efficiency combustion in furnace, desulfurization with small limestone in furnace, SNCR denitrification system and joint removal of multipollutants in semidry flue gas cleaning system. The verification experiment are carried out on two 300 MW CFB boilers. From the results it is shown that ultra-low emission of NO_x, SO_2 and dust can be realized by way of combustion adjustment and coordination of the desulfurization and denitrification. Moreover, this technical route has obvious advantages in economy over the conventional technologies.
By improving the boiler design and optimizing the flue gas cleaning system, a new technical route is proposed for CFB boilers burning low-rank coals, in which four technologies are implemented together, i.e., the ultra-clean and high-efficiency combustion in furnace, desulfurization with small limestone in furnace, SNCR denitrification system and joint removal of multipollutants in semidry flue gas cleaning system. The verification experiment are carried out on two 300 MW CFB boilers. From the results it is shown that ultra-low emission of NO_x, SO_2 and dust can be realized by way of combustion adjustment and coordination of the desulfurization and denitrification. Moreover, this technical route has obvious advantages in economy over the conventional technologies.
引文
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[5]向柏祥,李建锋,杨海瑞,等.大中型循环流化床锅炉机组运行现状分析[J].锅炉技术, 2016, 47(5):31–39.XIANG Baixiang, LI Jianfeng, YANG Hairui, et al. The operation analysis of medium-sized circulating fluidized bed boiler units[J].Boiler Technology, 2016, 47(5):31–39.
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[7]李博,赵锦洋,吕俊复.燃煤电厂超低排放技术方案应用[J].中国电力, 2016, 49(8):144–147.LI Bo, ZHAO Jinyang, LYU Junfu. Application of ultra-low emission technical roadmaps of coal-fired power plants[J]. Electric Power, 2016, 49(8):144–147.
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[9]YANG H R, ZHANG H, LU J F, et al. Novel CFB boiler technology with reconstruction of its fluidization state[C]//Proceedings of the20th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion.Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009:195-199.
[10]杨石,杨海瑞,吕俊复,等.新一代节能型循环流化床锅炉燃烧技术[J].动力工程, 2009, 29(8):728–732.YANG Shi, YANG Hairui, LYU Junfu,et al. The new generation combustion technology for energy saving circulating fluidized bed boilers[J]. Journal of Power Engineering, 2009, 29(8):728–732.
[11]CAI Runxia, KE Xiwei, LYU Junfu,et al. Progress of circulating fluidized bed combustion technology in China:a review[J]. Clean Energy, 2017, 1(1):36–49.
[12]TARELHO L A C, MATOS M A A, PEREIRA F J M A. The influence of operational parameters on SO2removal by limestone during fluidised bed coal combustion[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2005, 86(12-13):1385–1401.
[13]JOHNSSON J E. Formation and reduction of nitrogen oxides in fluidized-bed combustion[J]. Fuel, 1994, 73(9):1398–1415.
[14]柯希玮,蔡润夏,杨海瑞,等.循环流化床燃烧的NOx生成与超低排放[J].中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(2):390–396, 669.KE Xiwei, CAI Runxia, YANG Hairui, et al. Formation and ultralow emission of NOxfor circulating fluidized bed combustion[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(2):390–396, 669.
[15]李竞岌,杨欣华,张思海,等.循环流化床锅炉多粒度多流态炉内喷钙脱硫技术[J].沈阳工程学院学报(自然科学版), 2014, 10(2):113–117.LI Jingji, YANG Xinhua, ZHANG Sihai,et al. The in-situ desulfurization with multi-particle-size and multi-flow-state for circulating fluidized bed boilers[J]. Journal of Shenyang Institute of Engineering(Natural Science), 2014, 10(2):113–117.
[16]MA X, KANEKO T, TASHIMO T, et al. Use of limestone for SO2removal from flue gas in the semidry FGD process with a powderparticle spouted bed[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2000, 55(20):4643–4652.
[17]谷林,张延玲,林纲,等.半干法烟气脱硫机理及影响因素[J].过程工程学报, 2008, 8(S1):306–314.GU Lin, ZHANG Yanling, LIN Gang,et al. Mechanism and influential factors of semidry flue gas desulfurization[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2008, 8(S1):306–314.
[18]汪佩宁,蔡润夏,柳成亮,等. 300MWe节能型循环流化床锅炉的设计与运行[J].沈阳工程学院学报(自然科学版), 2016, 12(4):308–313.WANG Peining, CAI Runxia, LIU Chengliang,et al. Design and operation of 300MWe low energy consumption CFB boiler[J].Journal of Shenyang Institute of Engineering(Natural Science), 2016,12(4):308–313.
[19]张磊,杨学民,谢建军,等.粉煤和石灰石加入位置对循环流化床燃煤过程NOx与N2O排放的影响[J].中国电机工程学报, 2006,26 (21):92–98.ZHANG Lei,YANG Xuemin, XIE Jianjun, et al. Effect of coal and limestone addition position on emission of NOx and N2O during coal combustion in a circulating fluidized bed combustor[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2006, 26(21):92–98.
[2]宋畅,吕俊复,杨海瑞,等.超临界及超超临界循环流化床锅炉技术研究与应用[J].中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(2):338–347, 663.SONG Chang, LYU Junfu, YANG Hairui,et al. Research and application of supercritical and ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler technology[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018,38(2):338–347, 663.
[3]KOORNNEEF J, JUNGINGER M, FAAIJ A. Development of fluidized bed combustion-An overview of trends, performance and cost[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2007, 33(1):19–55.
[4]蔡润夏,吕俊复,凌文,等.超(超)临界循环流化床锅炉技术的发展[J].中国电力, 2016, 49(12):1–7.CAI Runxia, LYU Junfu, LING Wen, et al. Progress of supercritical and ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler technology[J].Electric Power, 2016, 49(12):1–7.
[5]向柏祥,李建锋,杨海瑞,等.大中型循环流化床锅炉机组运行现状分析[J].锅炉技术, 2016, 47(5):31–39.XIANG Baixiang, LI Jianfeng, YANG Hairui, et al. The operation analysis of medium-sized circulating fluidized bed boiler units[J].Boiler Technology, 2016, 47(5):31–39.
[6]岳光溪,吕俊复,徐鹏,等.循环流化床燃烧发展现状及前景分析[J].中国电力, 2016, 49(1):1–13.YUE Guangxi, LYU Junfu, XU Peng,et al. The up-to-date development and future of circulating fluidized bed combustion technology[J]. Electric Power, 2016, 49(1):1–13.
[7]李博,赵锦洋,吕俊复.燃煤电厂超低排放技术方案应用[J].中国电力, 2016, 49(8):144–147.LI Bo, ZHAO Jinyang, LYU Junfu. Application of ultra-low emission technical roadmaps of coal-fired power plants[J]. Electric Power, 2016, 49(8):144–147.
[8]YUE G, CAI R, LU J, et al. From a CFB reactor to a CFB boiler-the review of R&D progress of CFB coal combustion technology in China[J]. Powder Technology, 2017, 316:18–28.
[9]YANG H R, ZHANG H, LU J F, et al. Novel CFB boiler technology with reconstruction of its fluidization state[C]//Proceedings of the20th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion.Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009:195-199.
[10]杨石,杨海瑞,吕俊复,等.新一代节能型循环流化床锅炉燃烧技术[J].动力工程, 2009, 29(8):728–732.YANG Shi, YANG Hairui, LYU Junfu,et al. The new generation combustion technology for energy saving circulating fluidized bed boilers[J]. Journal of Power Engineering, 2009, 29(8):728–732.
[11]CAI Runxia, KE Xiwei, LYU Junfu,et al. Progress of circulating fluidized bed combustion technology in China:a review[J]. Clean Energy, 2017, 1(1):36–49.
[12]TARELHO L A C, MATOS M A A, PEREIRA F J M A. The influence of operational parameters on SO2removal by limestone during fluidised bed coal combustion[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2005, 86(12-13):1385–1401.
[13]JOHNSSON J E. Formation and reduction of nitrogen oxides in fluidized-bed combustion[J]. Fuel, 1994, 73(9):1398–1415.
[14]柯希玮,蔡润夏,杨海瑞,等.循环流化床燃烧的NOx生成与超低排放[J].中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(2):390–396, 669.KE Xiwei, CAI Runxia, YANG Hairui, et al. Formation and ultralow emission of NOxfor circulating fluidized bed combustion[J].Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(2):390–396, 669.
[15]李竞岌,杨欣华,张思海,等.循环流化床锅炉多粒度多流态炉内喷钙脱硫技术[J].沈阳工程学院学报(自然科学版), 2014, 10(2):113–117.LI Jingji, YANG Xinhua, ZHANG Sihai,et al. The in-situ desulfurization with multi-particle-size and multi-flow-state for circulating fluidized bed boilers[J]. Journal of Shenyang Institute of Engineering(Natural Science), 2014, 10(2):113–117.
[16]MA X, KANEKO T, TASHIMO T, et al. Use of limestone for SO2removal from flue gas in the semidry FGD process with a powderparticle spouted bed[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2000, 55(20):4643–4652.
[17]谷林,张延玲,林纲,等.半干法烟气脱硫机理及影响因素[J].过程工程学报, 2008, 8(S1):306–314.GU Lin, ZHANG Yanling, LIN Gang,et al. Mechanism and influential factors of semidry flue gas desulfurization[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2008, 8(S1):306–314.
[18]汪佩宁,蔡润夏,柳成亮,等. 300MWe节能型循环流化床锅炉的设计与运行[J].沈阳工程学院学报(自然科学版), 2016, 12(4):308–313.WANG Peining, CAI Runxia, LIU Chengliang,et al. Design and operation of 300MWe low energy consumption CFB boiler[J].Journal of Shenyang Institute of Engineering(Natural Science), 2016,12(4):308–313.
[19]张磊,杨学民,谢建军,等.粉煤和石灰石加入位置对循环流化床燃煤过程NOx与N2O排放的影响[J].中国电机工程学报, 2006,26 (21):92–98.ZHANG Lei,YANG Xuemin, XIE Jianjun, et al. Effect of coal and limestone addition position on emission of NOx and N2O during coal combustion in a circulating fluidized bed combustor[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2006, 26(21):92–98.