福建近岸海域表层沉积物重金属、PCBs潜在生态风险评价
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摘要
对福建近岸海域38个表层沉积物样进行测试分析,探讨了沉积物中重金属(Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、As)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的空间分布特征及其可能的来源,并采用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法进行了污染评价。结果表明:(1)三沙湾和闽江口—妈祖海域的重金属富集较为严重,罗源湾及湾口外海域沉积物污染程度较低;(2)沉积物中PCBs没有新的来源,重金属主要来自岩石自然风化和侵蚀、工业排污、生活污水以及船只油品泄漏;(3)三沙湾具有中等偏高的潜在生态风险;闽江口—妈祖海域整体接近、局部已达中等潜在生态风险;罗源湾及湾口外海域均属低潜在生态风险。Cd和Hg是主要的生态风险贡献因子,各元素的平均生态风险指数由大到小依次为:Cd>Hg>As>Cu>PCBs>Pb>Cr>Zn。
In order to understand the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls( PCBs) in surface sediments of Fujian coastal sea area,38 sampling sites of surface sediments were collected and concentration of 7 heavy metals( Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、As) and PCBs were analyzed. The ecological risk regarding pollutants was assessed by using Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Assessment Method. The results showed that:( 1)The heavy metals were highly enriched in the Sansha bay and Minjiang estuary-Mazu sea area,pollution levels of sediments were low in the Luoyuan bay and estuary.( 2) No new sources of PCBs input. Natural weathering and erosion of rocks,industrial and domestic wastewater discharge and vessels oil spill were the main sources of heavy metals.( 3)The ecological risk assessment indicated that Luoyuan bay and estuary were at low ecological risk level,the whole Minjiang estuary-Mazu sea area approached medium level,while Sansha bay was at little higher than medium level. The sequence of potential ecological risk of these elements was Cd > Hg > As > Cu > PCBs > Pb > Cr > Zn,Cd and Hg were the main ecological risk factors in the Fujian coastal sea area.
In order to understand the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls( PCBs) in surface sediments of Fujian coastal sea area,38 sampling sites of surface sediments were collected and concentration of 7 heavy metals( Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn、As) and PCBs were analyzed. The ecological risk regarding pollutants was assessed by using Hakanson Potential Ecological Risk Assessment Method. The results showed that:( 1)The heavy metals were highly enriched in the Sansha bay and Minjiang estuary-Mazu sea area,pollution levels of sediments were low in the Luoyuan bay and estuary.( 2) No new sources of PCBs input. Natural weathering and erosion of rocks,industrial and domestic wastewater discharge and vessels oil spill were the main sources of heavy metals.( 3)The ecological risk assessment indicated that Luoyuan bay and estuary were at low ecological risk level,the whole Minjiang estuary-Mazu sea area approached medium level,while Sansha bay was at little higher than medium level. The sequence of potential ecological risk of these elements was Cd > Hg > As > Cu > PCBs > Pb > Cr > Zn,Cd and Hg were the main ecological risk factors in the Fujian coastal sea area.
引文
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[16]王宪,李文权,张钒.福建省近岸港湾沉积物质量状况[J].海洋学报,2002,24(4):127-131.
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[19]刘用清.福建省海岸带土壤环境背景值研究及其应用[J].海洋环境科学,1995,14(2):68-73.
[20]陈振金,陈春秀,刘用清,等.福建省土壤环境背景值研究[J].环境科学,1991,13(4):70-75.
[2]郭福星,吕颂辉,腾德强,等.黄海表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征与生态风险评价[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(15):9212-9216.
[3]JIANG X,TENG A,XU W Z,et al.Distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments in the Yellow Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,83(1):366-375.
[4]KERSTEN M,FERSTNER U.Chemical fractionation of heavy metals in anoxic estuarine and coastal sediments[J].Water Science&Technology,1986,18(4/5):121-130.
[5]VALLACK H W,BAKKER D J,BRANDT I,et al.Controlling persistent organic pollutants-what next?[J].Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,1998,6(3):143-175.
[6]佘运勇,王剑,王艳华,等.南黄海海洋表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征及潜在生态风险评价[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(5):631-635.
[7]MA X L,ZUO H,TIAN M J,et al.Assessment of heavy metals contamination in sediments from three adjacent regions of the Yellow River using metal chemical fractions and multivariate analysis techniques[J].Chemosphere,2016,144:264-272.
[8]LIU M,ZHANG A B,LIAO Y J,et al.The environment quality of heavy metals in sediments from the central Bohai Sea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,100(1):534-543.
[9]邢颖,吕永龙,刘文彬,等.中国部分水域沉积物中多氯联苯污染物的空间分布、污染评价及影响因素分析[J].环境科学,2006,27(2):228-234.
[10]刘敏霞,杨玉义,李庆孝,等.中国近海海洋环境多氯联苯(PCBs)污染现状及影响因素[J].环境科学,2013,34(8):3309-3315.
[11]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.A sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[12]胡朝晖,张干,丘耀文,等.我国渔港沉积物的重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].地球化学,2010,39(4):297-304.
[13]李永忠,张江山.闽江口-马祖海域沉积物重金属分布现状与污染分析[J].福建师范大学学报:自然科学版,1997,13(4):102-106.
[14]蔡清海,杜琦,钱小明,等.福建三沙湾海洋沉积物中重金属和过渡元素来源分析[J].地质学报,2007,81(10):1444-1448.
[15]林建杰.福建罗源湾海区表层沉积物重金属的含量与分布[J].台湾海峡,2008,27(3):362-366.
[16]王宪,李文权,张钒.福建省近岸港湾沉积物质量状况[J].海洋学报,2002,24(4):127-131.
[17]张开毕.福建省近岸浅海沉积物地球化学环境质量[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(2):45-52.
[18]赵卫红.福建近岸海域沉积物污染现状与防治措施[J].环境与开发,2000,15(2):37-38.
[19]刘用清.福建省海岸带土壤环境背景值研究及其应用[J].海洋环境科学,1995,14(2):68-73.
[20]陈振金,陈春秀,刘用清,等.福建省土壤环境背景值研究[J].环境科学,1991,13(4):70-75.