基于Monte Carlo方法的雾红外传输仿真及分析
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摘要
为了研究多次散射效果下红外辐射在雾中的传输衰减特性,基于Mie散射理论,计算了1.064μm、3.8μm和10.6μm激光在平流雾和辐射雾中的消光参量和多粒子散射相位函数.利用Monte Carlo法建立了辐射传输模型,分析了多次散射效应下接收屏、能见度和传输距离对透过率的影响,并与Lambert-Beer定律计算结果进行了比较.结果表明:当能见度和传输距离均为1km时,1.064μm激光在平流雾中的接收屏粒子数随接收屏边长的增加而显著增加;相同的能见度和传输距离下,激光在辐射雾中的衰减小于在平流雾中的衰减;10.6μm激光在平流雾中具有很好的传输性;当粒子散射能力越强、前向散射概率越大时,多次散射对透过率的贡献越明显;激光在雾中的传输衰减特性不仅与消光系数有关,还与散射系数密切相关;能见度和传输距离存在最佳组合,使得此传输条件下多次散射对透过率的贡献最大.
In order to study the transmission characteristics of infrared radiation in fog under multiple scattering effect,the extinction parameters and multi-particle scattering phase functions of 1.064μm,3.8μm and 10.6μm laser in advection fog and radiation fog were calculated based on Mie theory.A radiative transfer model was established by Monte Carlo method.The effects of the size of the receiving screen,the visibility and the transmission distance on the transmittance were analyzed,and the results were compared with Lambert-Beer law.The results show that when the visibility and transmission distance are both 1 km,the number of particles on the receiving screen of 1.064μm laser in advection fog increases significantly with the increase of receiving screen side length.The attenuation of laser in radiation fog is less than that in advection fog under the same visibility and transmission distance.10.6μm laser has good transport properties in advection fog.The stronger the scattering ability and the higher the forward scattering probability,the more obvious the contribution of multiple scattering to the transmittance.The attenuation characteristics of laser transmission in fog are related to extinction coefficient and scattering coefficient.There is an optimal combination of visibility and transmission distance which maximizes the contribution of multiple scattering to the transmittance.
In order to study the transmission characteristics of infrared radiation in fog under multiple scattering effect,the extinction parameters and multi-particle scattering phase functions of 1.064μm,3.8μm and 10.6μm laser in advection fog and radiation fog were calculated based on Mie theory.A radiative transfer model was established by Monte Carlo method.The effects of the size of the receiving screen,the visibility and the transmission distance on the transmittance were analyzed,and the results were compared with Lambert-Beer law.The results show that when the visibility and transmission distance are both 1 km,the number of particles on the receiving screen of 1.064μm laser in advection fog increases significantly with the increase of receiving screen side length.The attenuation of laser in radiation fog is less than that in advection fog under the same visibility and transmission distance.10.6μm laser has good transport properties in advection fog.The stronger the scattering ability and the higher the forward scattering probability,the more obvious the contribution of multiple scattering to the transmittance.The attenuation characteristics of laser transmission in fog are related to extinction coefficient and scattering coefficient.There is an optimal combination of visibility and transmission distance which maximizes the contribution of multiple scattering to the transmittance.
引文
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[2]YANG Jian-qin,LUO Ji-jun,XU Jun,et al.Visible light image enhancement based on experimental cabin under atmospheric environment[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress,2017,54(10):239-245.杨建清,罗积军,徐军,等.基于大气环境实验方舱的可见光图像增强研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2017,54(10):239-245.
[3]FLECKER B,LEITGEB E,GEBHART M.Characterization of fog attenuation in terrestrial free space optical links[J].Optical Engineering,2007,18(46):1077-1083.
[4]IJAZ M,GHASSEMLOOY Z,PESEK J,et al.Modeling of fog and smoke attenuation in free space optical communications link under controlled laboratory Conditions[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2013,31(11):1720-1726.
[5]HAEFFELIN M,LAFFINEUR Q,BRAVOARANDA J A,et al.Radiation fog formation alerts using attenuated backscatter power from automatic lidars and ceilometers[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,2016,9(11):5347-5365.
[6]DUAN Ya-bo,SONG Cheng-tian.Influence of atmospheric aerosol backscattering on incoherent frequency modulation continuous-wave laser ranging in the fog[J].Engineering Letters,2017,25(01):15-21.
[7]WEI Hao-ming,ZHAO Wei,DAI Xing-can.Influence of fog and aerosol particles'forward-scattering on light extinction[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2018,26(6):1355-1361.魏昊明,赵威,戴星灿.雾和气溶胶前向散射对消光的影响[J].光学精密工程,2018,26(6):1355-1361.
[8]PENG P,LI C.Visibility measurements using two-angle forward scattering by liquid droplets[J].Applied Optics,2016,55(15):3903-3908
[9]TONG Guang-de,WANG Zhan-shan,SHEN Zheng-xiang,et al.Laser multiple scattering simulation for fog with closed distance[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2017,46(8):0829001.童广德,王占山,沈正祥,等.近距离雾的激光多次散射模拟[J].光子学报,2017,46(8):0829001.
[10]LAAN J D V D,WRIGHT J B,KEMME S A.et al.Scrymgeour.Superior signal persistence of circularly polarized light in polydisperse,real-world fog environments[J].Applied Optics,2018,57(19):5464-5473.
[11]GRABNER M,KVICERA V.Multiple scattering in rain and fog on free-space optical links[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2014,32(3):513-520.
[12]STILLWELL R A,PILEWSKIE P,THAYER J P,et al.Monte Carlo method for the analysis of laser safety for a high-powered lidar system under different atmospheric conditions[J].Journal of Laser Applications,2017,29(2):022002.
[13]ZHANG Ze-yu,XIE Xiao-ping,DUAN Tao,et al.Numerical calculation of 3.8μm and 1.55μm laser radiation transmission characteristic under foggy condition[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2016,45(S1):42-47.张泽宇,谢小平,段弢,等.3.8μm和1.55μm激光辐射在雾中传输特性的数值计算[J].红外与激光工程,2016,45(S1):42-47.
[14]ZHANG Shuo,PU Jin-yun,LI Dong-zhen,et al.Monte-Carlo simulation water fogs and for the infrared radiation attenuation the analysis for transmission field[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2014,43(5):0512004.张硕,浦金云,李东臻,等.细水雾遮蔽红外辐射的蒙特卡洛模拟及透射场分析[J].光子学报,2014,43(5):0512004.
[15]DING Jue,LI Jia-hua,QIU Xiao,et al.Numerical study on dynamics effect and radiation transfer characteristics of atmospheric particle by monte carlo method[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2016,48(3):557-565.丁珏,李家骅,邱骁,等.蒙特卡洛方法数值研究大气颗粒物动力学效应和辐射传输性质[J].力学学报,2016,48(3):557-565.
[16]WANG Rong-rong,WU Zhen-sen,ZHANG Yan-yan,et al.Transmission characteristics for THz and infrared waves in fog[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2014,43(10):1001001.王蓉蓉,吴振森,张艳艳,等.雾天气中THz与红外的传输特性[J].光子学报,2014,43(10):1001001.
[17]LIN Yong,XU Zhi-yong,WANG Jing-yuan,et al.Optimization of link analysis for non-line-of-sight atmospheric scattering communication in fog weather[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2015,44(2):705-710.林勇,徐智勇,汪井源,等.雾环境下非视距散射光通信最佳链路分析[J].红外与激光工程,2015,44(2):705-710.
[18]RAO Rui-zhong.Modern atmospheric optics[M].1rd.Beijing:Science Press,2012:219-235.饶瑞中.现代大气光学[M].1版.北京:科学出版社,2012:219-235.
[19]ZHAO Zhen-wei,WU Zhen-sen,SHEN Guang-de,et al.Attenuation due to fog for 10.6μm wavelength[J].Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves,2002,21(2):95-98.赵振维,吴振森,沈广德,等.雾对10.6μm红外辐射的衰减特性研究[J].红外与毫米波学报,2002,21(2):95-98.
[20]YANG Jian-qing,LUO Ji-jun,XU Jun,et al.Study on near infrared radiation attenuation based on distribution database of raindrops[J].Laser Technology,2018,42(2):161-165.杨建清,罗积军,徐军,等.基于雨滴谱分布数据库的近红外辐射衰减研究[J].激光技术,2018,42(2):161-165.