城市生活圈规划:从研究到实践
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摘要
城市规划正在向以人为本、重视人的生活质量的方向转型。城市生活圈规划因其从居民个体日常生活出发的特性而愈发受到学术界和规划实践界的关注,被认为是能够实现上述转型目标的有效方式。通过梳理现有城市生活圈和生活圈规划的研究与应用实践,本文认为在愈发得到重视、取得一系列成果的同时,城市生活圈规划仍然面临诸多挑战:(1)生活圈规划的概念界定、范围划定、内涵确定和职能体系划分有了一定共识但仍然模糊;(2)数据收集和管理的内容和方法不明确;(3)规划方法和技术路径仍未建立;(4)实施模式和制度保障需要多方面协作实现。总之,生活圈规划亟待通过一次完整、全面且具有科学依据的实践案例确立一整套规划流程与方法,为未来推广生活圈规划提供坚实基础。
Urban planning in China is now facing the transformation towards being peopleoriented and focusing on the quality of people's life. Urban life cycle planning has attracted more and more attention from academic and planning practice fields because it takes into account the individual daily life of residents. As a result, it is considered to be an effective way to achieve the transformation targets. Through a study on existing research and application practice of urban life circle and life cycle planning, it is found that while urban life circle planning has drawn more attention and made a series of achievements, it still faces many challenges, including:(1) there is a certain consensus on the concept, scope, connotation, and functional system division of life cycle planning,but it is still vague;(2) the content and methods of data collection and management are not clear;(3)planning methodologies and technical routes have not been established yet;(4) implementation modes and institutional guarantees require the collaboration between multiple parties. In short, life cycle planning needs to establish a set of planning process and methods through a complete, comprehensive,and scientific practice case, so as to provide a solid base for the future promotion of life cycle planning.
Urban planning in China is now facing the transformation towards being peopleoriented and focusing on the quality of people's life. Urban life cycle planning has attracted more and more attention from academic and planning practice fields because it takes into account the individual daily life of residents. As a result, it is considered to be an effective way to achieve the transformation targets. Through a study on existing research and application practice of urban life circle and life cycle planning, it is found that while urban life circle planning has drawn more attention and made a series of achievements, it still faces many challenges, including:(1) there is a certain consensus on the concept, scope, connotation, and functional system division of life cycle planning,but it is still vague;(2) the content and methods of data collection and management are not clear;(3)planning methodologies and technical routes have not been established yet;(4) implementation modes and institutional guarantees require the collaboration between multiple parties. In short, life cycle planning needs to establish a set of planning process and methods through a complete, comprehensive,and scientific practice case, so as to provide a solid base for the future promotion of life cycle planning.
引文
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15柴彦威,张雪,孙道胜.基于时空间行为的城市生活圈规划研究——以北京市为例[J].城市规划学刊,2015(3):61-69.CHAI Yanwei,ZHANG Xue,SUN Daosheng.A Study on Life Cycle Planning Based on Space-Time Behavior Analysis:A Case Study of Beijing[J].Urban Planning Forum,2015(3):61-69.
16陈青慧,徐培玮.城市生活居住环境质量评价方法初探[J].城市规划,1987(5):52-58,29.CHEN Qinghui,XU Peiwei.A Preliminary Study on the Evaluation Method of Urban Living Environment Quality[J].City Planning Review,198 7(5):52-58,29.
17熊薇,徐逸伦.基于公共设施角度的城市人居环境研究——以南京市为例[J].现代城市研究,2010,25(12):35-42.XIONG Wei,XU Yilun.The Urban Settlement Research in the Perspective of Public Facilities:A Case Study of Nanjing[J].Modern Urban Research,2010,25(12):35-42.
18单霞,唐二春,姚红,等.城镇居住体系的构建——以昆山市为例[J].城市环境与城市生态,2004(6):33-36.SHAN Xia,TANG Erchun,YAO Hong,et al.Construction of Inhabitation Systems in Towns:Taking Kunshan City as an Example[J].Urban Environment&Urban Ecology,2004(6):33-36.
19王兴中.中国内陆中心城市日常城市体系及其范围界定——以西安为例[J].人文地理,1995(1):1-13.WANG Xingzhong.Daily Urban System of City and the Delimitation of Inland Key Cities in China[J].Human Geography,1995(1):1-13.
20袁家冬,孙振杰,张娜,等.基于“日常生活圈”的我国城市地域系统的重建[J].地理科学,2005(1):17-22.YUAN Jiadong,SUN Zhenjie,ZHANG Na,et al.Reconstruction of Urban Region System in China Based on Daily Life Circle[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2005(1):17-22.
21孙德芳,沈山,武廷海.生活圈理论视角下的县域公共服务设施配置研究——以江苏省邳州市为例[J].规划师,2012,28(8):68-72.SUN Defang,SHEN Shan,WU Tinghai.Life Circle Theory Based County Public Service Distribution:Jiangsu Pizhou Case[J].Planners,2012,28(8):68-72.
22吴秋晴,过甦茜.宜居生活圈导向下社区公服设施管控体系更新探索[C]//中国城市规划学会.规划60年:成就与挑战——2016中国城市规划年会论文集,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.WU Qiuqing,GUO Suqian.Exploration on the Management and Control System of Community Public Service Facilities Under the Guidance of Livable Life Circle[C]//Urban Planning Society of China.60 Years of Urban Planning:Achievements and Challenges-Proceedings of Annual National Planning Conference of China 2006.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2016.
23朱晓东,颜景昕,卢青,等.上海市日常体育生活圈的公共体育设施配置研究[J].人文地理,2015,30(1):84-89.ZHU Xiaodong,YAN Jingxin,LU Qing,et al.Research on Public Sports Facility Deployment Based on Daily SportsLife Circle in Shanghai[J].Human Geography,2015,30(1):84-89.
24张艳,郑岭,高捷.城市防震避难空间规划探讨——以西昌市为例[J].规划师,2011,27(8):19-25.ZHANG Yan,ZHENG Ling,GAO Jie.Earthquake Prevention Planning:Xichang Example[J].Planners,201 1,27(8):19-25.
25石婷婷.从综合防灾到韧性城市:新常态下上海城市安全的战略构想[J].上海城市规划,2016(1):13-18.SHI Tingting.From Comprehensive Defense to Resilient Cities:Strategic Conception of Shanghai s City Security in the New Normal[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,201 6(1):13-18.
26刘云刚,侯璐璐.基于生活圈的城乡管治理论研究[J].上海城市规划,2016(2):1-7.LIU Yungang,HOU Lulu.Study on Urban-Rural Governance Based on a Life Circle Approach[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2016(2):1-7.
27程蓉.以提品质促实施为导向的上海15分钟社区生活圈的规划和实践[J].上海城市规划,2018(2):84-88.CHENG Rong.Planning and Practice of a 15-Minute Community Living Circle in Shanghai Guided by Promoting Implementation[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,201 8(2):84-88.
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29柴彦威,刘天宝,塔娜.基于个体行为的多尺度城市空间重构及规划应用研究框架[J].地域研究与开发,2013,32(4):1-7,14.CHAI Yanwei,LIU Tianbao,TA Na.Individual BehaviorBased Multi-Scale Spatial Reconstruction and Its Planning Application)[J].Areal R,esearch and Development,201 3,32(4):1-7,14.
30李萌.基于居民行为需求特征的“15分钟社区生活圈”规划对策研究[J].城市规划学刊,2017(1):111-118.LI Meng.The Planning Strategies of a 15-Minute Community Life Circle Based on Behaviors of Residents[J].Urban Planning Forum,2017(1):111-118.
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2柴彦威.人本视角下新型城镇化的内涵解读与行动策略[J].北京规划建设,2014(6):34-36.CHAI Yanwei.Connotation Interpretation and Action Strategy of New Urbanization from the Perspective of Humanism[J].Beijing Planning Review,201 4(6):34-36.
3吴秋晴.生活圈构建视角下特大城市社区动态规划探索[J].上海城市规划,2015(4):13-19.WU Qiuqing.The Exploration on the Dynamic Programming of Community in Megacities from the Living Circle Perspective[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2015(4):13-19.
4孙道胜,柴彦威.城市社区生活圈体系及公共服务设施空间优化——以北京市清河街道为例[J].城市发展研究,2017,24(9):7-14,25+2.SUN Daosheng,CHAI Yanwei.Study on the Urban Community Life Sphere System and the Optimization of Public Service Facilities:A Case Study of Qinghe Area in Beijing[J].Urban Development Studies,2017,24(9):7-14,25+2.
5徐晓燕,叶鹏.城市社区设施的自足性与区位性关系研究[J].城市问题,2010(3):62-66.XU Xiaoyan,YE Peng.On the Relationship Between SelfSufficiency and Location of Urban Community Facilities[J].Urban Problems,201 0(3):62-66.
6中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.城市居住区规划设计标准(GB50180—2018)[S].2018.Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China.Urban Residential Area Planning and Design Standards(GB50180-2018)[S],2018.
7陈思,骆慧敏.广州拟构建15分钟社区生活圈[N/OL].广州日报大洋网,2018-05-06.[2018-10-15].http://news.dayoo.com/guangzh ou/20 1 805/06/1 39995_521 66360.htm.CHEN Si,LUO Huimin.Guangzhou Plans to Construct a 15-Minute Community Life Circle[N/OL].Guangzhou Daily,2018-05-06.[2018-10-15].http://news.dayoo.com/guangzhou/201805/06/139995_52166360.htm.
8长沙市政府.长沙市人民政府办公厅关于印发长沙市“一圈两场三道”建设两年行动计划(2018—2019年)的通知[EB/OL].[201 8-10-15].http://www.changsha.gov.cn/xxgk/szfxxgkml/zfwj2016/bgtwj2016/201804/t20180419_2212792.html.Changsha Municipal Government.Notice of the General Office of the People's Government of Changsha on Printing and Distributing the Two-Year Action Plan for the Construction of"One Circle,Two Fields,and Three Roads"in Changsha City(2018-2019)[EB/OL].[2018-10-15].http://www.changsha.gov.cn/xxgk/szfxxgkml/zfwj2016/bgtwj2016/201804/t20180419_2212792.html.
9赵夏晔.济南15分钟社区生活圈专项规划形成研究成果[N/OL].齐鲁晚报,2018-06-13.[2018-10-15].http://www.qlwb.com.cn/201 8/0613/1288491.shtml.ZHAO Xiaye.Research Result of the Formulation of Jinan's 15-Minute Community Life Circle Special Plan[N/OL].Qilu Evening News,2018-06-13.[201 8-10-15].http://www.qlwb.com.cn/201 8/061 3/12884-91.shtml.
10袁舒琪.厦门:完善公共设施构建“15分钟生活圈”[N/OL].新华网,2017-12-18.[2018-10-15].http://www.fj.xinhuanet.com/shidian/2017-12/18/c_11122127054.htm.YUAN Shuqi.Xiamen:Improving Public Facilities,Building"15-Minute Life Circles"[N/OL].Xinhuanet,2017-12-18.[2018-10-15].http://www.fj.xinhuanet.com/shidian/201 7-12/18/c_112212 7054.htm.
11上海市政府.上海城市总体规划(201 7-2035)[Z].2018.Shanghai Municipal Government.City Master Plan of Shanghai(2017-2035)[Z].2018.
12肖作鹏,柴彦威,张艳.国内外生活圈规划研究与规划实践进展述评[J].规划师,2014,30(10):89-95.XIAO Zuopeng,CHAI Yanwei,ZHANG Yan.Overseas Life Circle Planning and Practice[J].Planners,2014,30(10):89-95.
13柴彦威.以单位为基础的中国城市内部生活空间结构——兰州市的实证研究[J].地理研究,1996(1):30-38.CHAI Yanwei.Danwei-Based Chinese Cities'Internal Life Space Structure:A Case Study of Lanzhou City[J].Geography Research,1996(1):30-38.
14孙道胜,柴彦威,张艳.社区生活圈的界定与测度:以北京清河地区为例[J].城市发展研究,2016,23(9):1-9.SUN Daosheng,CHAI Yanwei,ZHANG Yan.The Definition and Measurement of Community Life Circle:A Case Study of Qinghe Area in Beijing[J].Urban Development Studies,2016,23(9):1-9.
15柴彦威,张雪,孙道胜.基于时空间行为的城市生活圈规划研究——以北京市为例[J].城市规划学刊,2015(3):61-69.CHAI Yanwei,ZHANG Xue,SUN Daosheng.A Study on Life Cycle Planning Based on Space-Time Behavior Analysis:A Case Study of Beijing[J].Urban Planning Forum,2015(3):61-69.
16陈青慧,徐培玮.城市生活居住环境质量评价方法初探[J].城市规划,1987(5):52-58,29.CHEN Qinghui,XU Peiwei.A Preliminary Study on the Evaluation Method of Urban Living Environment Quality[J].City Planning Review,198 7(5):52-58,29.
17熊薇,徐逸伦.基于公共设施角度的城市人居环境研究——以南京市为例[J].现代城市研究,2010,25(12):35-42.XIONG Wei,XU Yilun.The Urban Settlement Research in the Perspective of Public Facilities:A Case Study of Nanjing[J].Modern Urban Research,2010,25(12):35-42.
18单霞,唐二春,姚红,等.城镇居住体系的构建——以昆山市为例[J].城市环境与城市生态,2004(6):33-36.SHAN Xia,TANG Erchun,YAO Hong,et al.Construction of Inhabitation Systems in Towns:Taking Kunshan City as an Example[J].Urban Environment&Urban Ecology,2004(6):33-36.
19王兴中.中国内陆中心城市日常城市体系及其范围界定——以西安为例[J].人文地理,1995(1):1-13.WANG Xingzhong.Daily Urban System of City and the Delimitation of Inland Key Cities in China[J].Human Geography,1995(1):1-13.
20袁家冬,孙振杰,张娜,等.基于“日常生活圈”的我国城市地域系统的重建[J].地理科学,2005(1):17-22.YUAN Jiadong,SUN Zhenjie,ZHANG Na,et al.Reconstruction of Urban Region System in China Based on Daily Life Circle[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2005(1):17-22.
21孙德芳,沈山,武廷海.生活圈理论视角下的县域公共服务设施配置研究——以江苏省邳州市为例[J].规划师,2012,28(8):68-72.SUN Defang,SHEN Shan,WU Tinghai.Life Circle Theory Based County Public Service Distribution:Jiangsu Pizhou Case[J].Planners,2012,28(8):68-72.
22吴秋晴,过甦茜.宜居生活圈导向下社区公服设施管控体系更新探索[C]//中国城市规划学会.规划60年:成就与挑战——2016中国城市规划年会论文集,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.WU Qiuqing,GUO Suqian.Exploration on the Management and Control System of Community Public Service Facilities Under the Guidance of Livable Life Circle[C]//Urban Planning Society of China.60 Years of Urban Planning:Achievements and Challenges-Proceedings of Annual National Planning Conference of China 2006.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2016.
23朱晓东,颜景昕,卢青,等.上海市日常体育生活圈的公共体育设施配置研究[J].人文地理,2015,30(1):84-89.ZHU Xiaodong,YAN Jingxin,LU Qing,et al.Research on Public Sports Facility Deployment Based on Daily SportsLife Circle in Shanghai[J].Human Geography,2015,30(1):84-89.
24张艳,郑岭,高捷.城市防震避难空间规划探讨——以西昌市为例[J].规划师,2011,27(8):19-25.ZHANG Yan,ZHENG Ling,GAO Jie.Earthquake Prevention Planning:Xichang Example[J].Planners,201 1,27(8):19-25.
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26刘云刚,侯璐璐.基于生活圈的城乡管治理论研究[J].上海城市规划,2016(2):1-7.LIU Yungang,HOU Lulu.Study on Urban-Rural Governance Based on a Life Circle Approach[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2016(2):1-7.
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