北京市昌平区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃暴露及人群健康风险评价
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摘要
目的了解北京市昌平区大气颗粒物PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)及多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染水平,分析PAHs的污染来源,并进行人群健康风险评估。方法于2015年1—12月用大气采样器采集北京市昌平区大气样品,分别用称重法和高效液相色谱法检测大气PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)质量浓度和16种PAHs浓度;利用比值法分析PAHs的污染来源,并对其人群健康风险进行评估。结果 2015年北京市昌平区大气PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的质量浓度范围分别为7.8~343.0μg/m~3和6.3~344.3μg/m~3,年均浓度分别为97.0、78.6μg/m~3;PAHs浓度范围为2.4~383.0 ng/m~3,年均浓度为87.8 ng/m~3。4环PAHs浓度与5、6环PAHs浓度比值范围为0.15~1.38。PAHs的等效毒性浓度以夏季最低(0.354 ng/m~3),冬季最高(29.816 ng/m3)。PAHs对成人及儿童的终身致癌超额风险分别为9.68×10~(-6)和6.14×10~(-6)。结论北京市昌平区大气颗粒物浓度高于GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准,PAHs污染主要来自本地污染;PAHs对成人的终身致癌风险高于儿童,但两者均处于可接受水平。
Objective To know the pollution levels of particulate matter(PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Changping district of Beijing and to analyze the contaminant source of PAHs, assess the health risk of inhabitants exposed to PAHs. Methods Particulate matter volume samplers were used to collect the atmospheric samples in Changping district of Beijing from Janurary to December in 2015. The concentrations of PM_(10), PM_(2.5)and PAHs were determined by weighting method and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) respectively. The pollution source of PAHs was identified by ratio method,and health risk of inhabitants exposed to PAHs was assessed. Results The concentrations of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)were 7.8-343.0μg/m~3 and 6.3-344.3 μg/m~3, annual average concentrations were 97.0 μg/m~3 and 78.6 μg/m~3. The total PAHs level was 2.4-383.0 ng/m~3, annual average value of total PAHs was 87.8 ng/m~3. The ratio of foue-ring PAHs and 5,6-ring PAHs was 0.15-1.38. The range of toxic equivalency quantity was 0.354-29.816 ng/m~3. Carcinogenic risk for adult and child were 9.68 ×10~(-6) and 6.14×10~(-6). Conclusion The levels of PM10 and PM_(2.5)concentration in Changping of Beijing excess the national ambient air quality standards. The sources of PAHs are local emissions. Carcinogenic risk for adults is higher than that for children, though they are at acceptable level.
Objective To know the pollution levels of particulate matter(PM_(10)and PM_(2.5)) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Changping district of Beijing and to analyze the contaminant source of PAHs, assess the health risk of inhabitants exposed to PAHs. Methods Particulate matter volume samplers were used to collect the atmospheric samples in Changping district of Beijing from Janurary to December in 2015. The concentrations of PM_(10), PM_(2.5)and PAHs were determined by weighting method and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) respectively. The pollution source of PAHs was identified by ratio method,and health risk of inhabitants exposed to PAHs was assessed. Results The concentrations of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)were 7.8-343.0μg/m~3 and 6.3-344.3 μg/m~3, annual average concentrations were 97.0 μg/m~3 and 78.6 μg/m~3. The total PAHs level was 2.4-383.0 ng/m~3, annual average value of total PAHs was 87.8 ng/m~3. The ratio of foue-ring PAHs and 5,6-ring PAHs was 0.15-1.38. The range of toxic equivalency quantity was 0.354-29.816 ng/m~3. Carcinogenic risk for adult and child were 9.68 ×10~(-6) and 6.14×10~(-6). Conclusion The levels of PM10 and PM_(2.5)concentration in Changping of Beijing excess the national ambient air quality standards. The sources of PAHs are local emissions. Carcinogenic risk for adults is higher than that for children, though they are at acceptable level.
引文
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[2]夏文迪.多环芳烃(PAHs)人体内暴露剂量与致癌风险研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2014.
[3]Luca N,Rainer L,Rosalinda G,et al.PAHs in air and seawater along a North-South Atlantic transect:trends,processes and possible sources[J].Environ Sci Technol,2008,42:1580-1585.
[4]徐春雨,徐东群,王秦,等.北京市交警与郊区居民的多环芳烃暴露及影响因素[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,25(3):189-193.
[5]Kim KH,Jahan SA,Kabir E,et al.A review of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)and their human health effects[J].Environ Int,2013,60:71-80.
[6]高少鹏,刘大锰,安祥华,等.高效液相色谱法测定某钢铁厂地区大气颗粒物PM2.5中16种多环芳烃[J].环境科学,2006,27(6):1052-1055.
[7]Hou X,Zhuang G,Sun Y,et al.Characteristics and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fatty acids in PM2.5aerosols in dust season in China[J].Atmos Envrion,2006,40:3251-3262.
[8]张承中,陈静,刘立忠,等.西安市大气中多环芳烃的季节变化及健康风险评价[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(12):4579-4584.
[9]Tan J,Guo S,Ma Y,et al.Characteristics of particulate PAHs during a typical haze episode in Guangzhou,China[J].Atmos Res,2011,102:91-98.
[10]Qu C,Bing L,Wu H,et al.Multi-pathway assessment of human health risk posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J].Environ Geochem Health,2015,37:587-601.
[11]Guo Y,Li S,Zhou Y,et al.The effect of air pollution on human physiological function in China:a longitudinal study[J].Lancet,2015,386:31.
[12]Richard H.GBD 2010:understanding disease,injury,and risk[J].Lancet,2012,380:2053-2054.
[13]刘杰,杨鹏,吕文生,等.北京城6区大气颗粒物质量浓度变化规律研究[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(6):333-339.
[14]高博.广州大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征和来源解析[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2013.
[15]吴明红,陈镠璐,陈祖怡,等.多环芳烃在上海近郊大气颗粒物(PM2.5和PM10)中的污染特征、来源及其健康风险评估[J].上海大学学报:自然科学版,2014,20(4):521-530.
[16]于云江,杨林,李良忠,等.兰州市大气PM10中重金属和多环芳烃的健康风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(11):2920-2927.
[17]郭利利,崔阳,张桂香,等.太原市采暖期大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的污染特征[J].地球与环境,2015,43(2):198-204.
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