夏塞银矿床中硫盐矿物成矿作用的重要意义
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摘要
夏塞银多金属矿床地处我国四川省巴塘县茶洛乡,按照大地构造单元划分其位于川西义敦岛弧造山带的中央地段。它是我国最早发现的大陆碰撞型矿床。该矿床以含高品位的Ag,伴生Sn、Cu、Bi、Cd、Au,以及众多的硫化物及硫盐为特征,其种类多达50种,尤以辉锑铅银矿及银锑黝铜矿系列最丰富,系该矿山银资源的主要矿石矿物。其他如锑端元硫砷锑铅矿、脆硫锑银铅矿、硫锑铅矿-脆硫锑铅矿系列亦有发育。本文旨在查明此类矿物的成因并探索其重要的成矿作用。本文通过EMP及SEM-EDS等方法查明上述矿物的赋存形式并分析其化学组成。结果表明上述矿物均以显微包裹体状态散布于硫化物方铅矿及铁闪锌矿中。代表性的辉锑铅银矿包裹体粒径大小悬殊,形态各异,粒度从1μm至50μm不等,且以两组成90°正交的网状构造分布在方铅矿中,此种构造实属罕见,此外尚见有其他多种奇特形态。将银锑黝铜矿系列的Ag/(Ag+Cu)与Zn/(Zn+Fe)比值在Sack等温曲线中投图,估算生成银锑黝铜矿系列的流体温度为200~350℃。参照以往包裹体测温数据认为夏塞地区Ag、Sn多金属矿床应属岩浆期后的中温热液类型矿床。本文再次强调硫盐矿物在夏塞银矿床成矿作用中的重要性,有助于深刻认识夏塞矿床成因机制。
The Xiasai Ag polymetallic deposit is located at Chaluo Village,Batang County in Sichuan Province,and belongs to middle range of Yidun island arc orogenic belt in western Sichuan.It is a typical continental collision of Ag-polumetallic deposit that firstly discovered in China.The deposit is featured by high-grade Ag and associated with Sn,Cu,Bi,Cd,Au,with plenty of sulfides and sulfosalt minerals,about 50 species,especially diaphorite and tetrahedrite-Ag series which are the main ore minerals.Moreover,other sulfosalt minerals,such as geocronite-(Sb),owyheetie-(Pb),boulangerite-jamesonite series are also found.This study is focused on genesis of these sulfosalt minerals and figuring out their roles in mineralization.Analysis by EMP and SEM-EDS indicate that these sulfosalt minerals are mostly included in galena or marmatite as inclusions,and chemical composition of them are analyzed.The grain size of diaphorite varies from 1μm to 50μm.It is interesting that diaphorite perform as orthogonal littice texture in galena which is rare found.In addition,other unique occurrences also appear.In order to estimate the temperature of the ore-forming of the deposit,the value of Ag/(Ag+Cu)and Zn/(Zn+Fe)ratios of Agtetrahedrite series are ploted on sack's isothermal curves,thus ore-forming temperature of tetrahedrite-Ag series is assumed 200～350℃.Combining with former data of temperature measured by quartz inclusions,it is considered that the Xiasai deposit should be a post-magmatic mesothermal deposit.Briefly,the importance of metallization of sulfosalt minerals should be noticed.
The Xiasai Ag polymetallic deposit is located at Chaluo Village,Batang County in Sichuan Province,and belongs to middle range of Yidun island arc orogenic belt in western Sichuan.It is a typical continental collision of Ag-polumetallic deposit that firstly discovered in China.The deposit is featured by high-grade Ag and associated with Sn,Cu,Bi,Cd,Au,with plenty of sulfides and sulfosalt minerals,about 50 species,especially diaphorite and tetrahedrite-Ag series which are the main ore minerals.Moreover,other sulfosalt minerals,such as geocronite-(Sb),owyheetie-(Pb),boulangerite-jamesonite series are also found.This study is focused on genesis of these sulfosalt minerals and figuring out their roles in mineralization.Analysis by EMP and SEM-EDS indicate that these sulfosalt minerals are mostly included in galena or marmatite as inclusions,and chemical composition of them are analyzed.The grain size of diaphorite varies from 1μm to 50μm.It is interesting that diaphorite perform as orthogonal littice texture in galena which is rare found.In addition,other unique occurrences also appear.In order to estimate the temperature of the ore-forming of the deposit,the value of Ag/(Ag+Cu)and Zn/(Zn+Fe)ratios of Agtetrahedrite series are ploted on sack's isothermal curves,thus ore-forming temperature of tetrahedrite-Ag series is assumed 200～350℃.Combining with former data of temperature measured by quartz inclusions,it is considered that the Xiasai deposit should be a post-magmatic mesothermal deposit.Briefly,the importance of metallization of sulfosalt minerals should be noticed.
引文
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Chen Chong,Chen Kaixu,Shi Wenjie,Li Yanjun,Li Huan.2017.Ore-controlling faults and orebody location mechanism of the Xiasai silver-lead-zinc deposit.Geology and Exploration,53(1):0087~0096.
Chen Yanjing.2013.The development of continantal collision metallogeny and its application.Acta Petrologica Sinica,29(1):1~17(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chutas N I,Sack R O.2004.Ore genesis at La Colorada Ag-Pb-Zn deposit in Zacatecas,Mexico.Mineralogical Magazine,68(6):923~937.
Chutas N I,Kress V C,Ghiorso M S,Sack R O.2008.A solution model for high-temperature PbS-AgSbS2-AgBiS2 galena.American Mineralogist,93(10):1630~1640.
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Dai Li,Zhang Dehui,Li Yongquan,Wan Guilong,Hou Benjun,Liao Xun,Zhang Jinliang,Wang Guopeng,Li Chengjie.2013.Geochemical characteristics of primary halos in the No.1ore body of the Xiasai Ag-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit,Sichuan.Geology and Exploration,49(2):236~249.
Dai Zongming,Sun Chuanmin.2008.Evolution of Triassic volcanicsedimentary basins in the central segment of the Yidun island arc of the Songpan-Garze orogenic belt,western Sichuan,China.Geological Bulletin of China,27(6):799~813(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ebel D S,Sack R O.1989.Ag-Cu and As-Sb exchange energies in tetrahedrite-tennantite fahlores.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,53:2301~2309.
Fleischer M.1955.Minor element in some sulfide minerals.Economic Geology,50:970~1024.
Foord E E,Shawe D R,Concklin N M.1988.Coexisting galena Pbs and sulfosalts evidence for multiple episodes of mineralization in the Round Mountain and Manhattan gold districte,Nevada.Canadian Mineralogist,26:355~376.
Frizzo P,Simone S.1995.Diaphorite in the Pollone ore deposit(Apuan Alps,Tuscany,Italy).European Journal of Mineralogy,(3):705~708.
Hakbarth C J,Petersen U.1984.A fractional crystalization model for the deposition of argentian tetrahedrite.Economic Geology,79(3):448~460.
Hoda S N,Chang L L Y.1975.Phase relations in the system PbS-Ag2S-Sb2S3and PbS-Ag2S-Bi2S3.American Mineralogist,60(7):621~633.
Hou Zengqian,Qu Xiaoming,Zhou Jirong,Yang Yueqing,Huang Dianhao,LüQingtian,Tang Shaohua,Yu Jinjie,Wang Haiping,Zhao Jinhua.2001.Collision-orogenic processes of the Yidun arc in the Sanjiang region:record of granites.Acta Geologica Sinica,75(4):484~497(in Chinese with English abstact).
Hou Zengqian,Yang Yueqing,Qu Xiaoming,Huang Dianhao,LüQingtian,Wang Haiping,Yu Jinjie,Tang Shaohua.2004.Tectonic evolution and mineralization systems of the Yidun arc orogen in Sanjiang region,China.Acta Geologica Sinica,78(1):109~120(in Chinese with English abstact).
Hou Zengqian,Yang Zhiming.2009.Porphyry deposits in continental settings of China:Geological characteristics,magmatic-hydrothermal system,and metallogenic model.Acta Geologica Sinica,83(12):1779~1817(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hou Zengqian.2010.Metallogenesis of continental collision.Acta Geologica Sinica,84:30~58(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Dianhao,Hu Shihua.2000.Characteristics of sulfide and sulfosalt minerals from the Xiasai silver-polymetallic deposit and their significance.Mineral Deposits,19(4):363~375.
Huston D L,Jablonski W,Sie S H.1996.The distribution and mineral hosts of silver in eastern Australian volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits.The Canadian Mineralogist,34(3):529~546.
Jeppsson M L.1987.Mineral chemistry of silver in antimony and bismuth rich sulfide ore in Bergslagen,Central Sweden.Neues Jahrbuch for Mineralogie Monatshefte,5:205~216.
Jiang Hongchang,Sun Mingcong.2014.Study of silver mine prosepcting in Yidun area of western Sichuan from the discovery and exploration of the Xiasai silver mine.Value Engineering,33(22):311~313(in Chinese with English abstract).
Karap-moller S.1971.On some exsolved minerals in galena.The Canadian Mineralogist,10:871~876.
Li Changzhi.2012.Geological features and ore-forming model for the Ag-Sn polymetallic deposits in Yidun,west Sichuan by the example of the Xiasai Ag-polymetallic deposit.Acta Geologica Sichuan,32(2):161~165(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Yanjun,Wei Junhao,Li Huan,Chen Chong,Shan Liang,Hou Benjun.2014.Geological,geophysical and geochemical characteristics and comprehensive prospecting model of the Xiasai Ag-Pb-Zn deposit in the Yindun island arc.Geology in China,41(5):1641~1649(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lin Qing.2010.Geological features and prospecting potentiality for the Xialong Ag-Pb-Zn deposit in Batang,Sichuang.Acta Geologica Sichuang,30(4):447~461(in Chinese with English abstact).
Liu Quan.2003.Geological characteristics and genesis of Xiasai silver ploymetallic deposit in western Sichuan Province.Mineral Deposits,22(2):121~128(in Chinese with English abstact).
Liu Yingjun,Cao Liming,Li Zhaolin,Wan Henian,Chu Tongqing.1984.Elemental Geochemistry.Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lueth V W,Megaw P K M,Pingitore N E,Goodell P C.2000.Systematic variation in galena solid-solution compositions at Santa Eulalia,Chihuahua,Mexico.Economic Geology,95(8):1673~1687.
Nenasheva S N.1975.Eksperimental’noye issledovaniye prirody primesey serebra,sur’my i vismuta v galenite.Nauka,Sibirskoye Otdeleniye Instituta Geologii i Geofiziki.Novosibirsk,USSR,237,124(in Russian).
Riley J F.1974.The tetrahedrite-frebergite series,with reference to Mount Isa Pb-Zn-Ag orebody.Mineral Deposita,9(2):117~124.
Sack R O,Loucks R R.1985.Thermodynamic properties of tetrahedrite-tennantites:Constrains on the interdependence of the Ag-Cu,Fe-Zn,Cu-Fe and As-Sb exchange reactions.American Mineralogist,70:1270~1289.
Sack R O,Lynch J G V,Foit F F.2003.Fahlore as a petrogenetic indicator;Keno hill Ag-Pb-Zn destrict,Yukon,Canada.Mineralogical Magazine,67:1023~1038.
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