生物表面活性剂及其与柠檬酸联合用于污泥重金属电动修复
|
摘要
选择城市污泥作为修复对象,通过添加槐糖脂、鼠李糖脂、皂角苷3种生物表面活性剂及其与柠檬酸复配溶液,从电流密度、排出液重金属浓度、试验后土体各区域重金属含量等角度,研究添加剂对重金属污染污泥电动修复的增强效果,从添加剂作用机理上进行分析,并从微观层面进行补充解释.试验结果表明:重金属的迁移主要发生在污泥中,排出液重金属浓度很低;阳极区处理效果最好,阴极次之,中部有重金属积聚效应;单独添加生物表面活性剂,在阳极区对Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd去除率最高的分别是槐糖脂(53.85%)、鼠李糖脂(44.26%)、鼠李糖脂(56.33%)、槐糖脂(34.43%);复配柠檬酸后,阳极重金属去除率相较于单独添加生物表面活性剂普遍可提升0.90%～16.08%,柠檬酸可显著改善中部重金属积聚效应.基于试验结论,在实际工程中对于Zn、Cd含量高的污泥推荐采用槐糖脂或配合使用柠檬酸,而对于Cu、Ni含量高的则推荐鼠李糖脂与柠檬酸的复配溶液.
Taking the municipal sludge as the remediation objects and aiming at studying the effects of electrokinetic remediation of heavy metals from municipal sludge,model tests were carried out with different reagents,which were sophorolipid, rhamnolipid,saponin and composite reagents of biosurfactants and citric acid.Current density and heavy metal concentration in discharge liquid and sludge were examined and analyzed in order to explore the mechanism of reagents from the perspective of microstructure. The results demonstrated that the migration of heavy metals was mainly in the sludge and the concentration of heavy metals was very low in the discharge liquid. Best treatment was achieved around anode area and then followed by the cathode region, while heavy metals were accumulated in middle region. By comparing the removal effect of four biosurfactants, the highest removal rates of Zn,Cu,Ni and Cd were sophorolipid(53.85%),rhamnolipid(44.26%),rhamnolipid(56.33%)and sophorolipid(34.43%),respectively in anode region. Citric acid promoted the migration of heavy metals significantly in middle region, so that the removal rate with composite reagents of biosurfactants and citric acid were increased by 0.90%～16.08%. Based on the test results,it is recommended to apply sophorolipid or composite reagents with citric acid for high concentration of Zn and Cd in sludge treatment. As for high concentration of Cu and Ni, rhamnolipid or composite reagents with citric acid is a better choice.
Taking the municipal sludge as the remediation objects and aiming at studying the effects of electrokinetic remediation of heavy metals from municipal sludge,model tests were carried out with different reagents,which were sophorolipid, rhamnolipid,saponin and composite reagents of biosurfactants and citric acid.Current density and heavy metal concentration in discharge liquid and sludge were examined and analyzed in order to explore the mechanism of reagents from the perspective of microstructure. The results demonstrated that the migration of heavy metals was mainly in the sludge and the concentration of heavy metals was very low in the discharge liquid. Best treatment was achieved around anode area and then followed by the cathode region, while heavy metals were accumulated in middle region. By comparing the removal effect of four biosurfactants, the highest removal rates of Zn,Cu,Ni and Cd were sophorolipid(53.85%),rhamnolipid(44.26%),rhamnolipid(56.33%)and sophorolipid(34.43%),respectively in anode region. Citric acid promoted the migration of heavy metals significantly in middle region, so that the removal rate with composite reagents of biosurfactants and citric acid were increased by 0.90%～16.08%. Based on the test results,it is recommended to apply sophorolipid or composite reagents with citric acid for high concentration of Zn and Cd in sludge treatment. As for high concentration of Cu and Ni, rhamnolipid or composite reagents with citric acid is a better choice.
引文
[1]詹芳蕾.槐糖脂优化污泥重金属电动修复与电渗排水的试验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学建筑工程学院,2018.ZHANG F L.Experimental study of sophorolipid on electrokinetic remediation and electro-osmotic dewatering of sludge[D].Hangzhou:College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Zhejiang University,2018.(In Chinese)
[2]周东美,邓昌芬.重金属污染土壤的电动修复技术研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2003(4):505-508.ZHOU D M,DENG C F.Review:electrokinetic remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil[J].Journal of Agro-Environmental Science,2003(4):505-508.(In Chinese)
[3]LAGEMAN R.Electroreclamation applications in the Netherlands[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1993,27(13):2648-2650.
[4]WEST L J,STEWART D I,BINLEY A M,et al.Resistivity imaging of soil during electrokinetic transport[J].Engineering Geology,1999,53(2):205-215.
[5]LI Z M,YU J W,NERETNIEKS I.Electroremediation:removal of heavy metals from soils by using cation-selective membrane[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1998,32(3):394-397.
[6]PARK J Y,KIM J H.Switching effects of electrode polarity and introduction direction of reagents in electrokinetic-Fenton process with anionic surfactant for remediating iron-rich soil contaminated with phenanthrene[J].Electrochimica Acta,2011,56(24):8094-8100.
[7]谭浩,赵新华,马伟芳.电化学法去除河道底泥重金属的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2006(12):2671-2672.TAN H,ZHAO X H,MA W F.Removal of heavy metal in river sediment with electro-kinetics[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2006(12):2671-2672.(In Chinese)
[8]周东美,郝秀珍,薛艳,等.污染土壤的修复技术研究进展[J].生态环境,2004(2):234-242.ZHOU D M,HAO X Z,XUE Y,et al.Advances in remediation technologies of contaminated soils[J].Ecology and Environment,2004(2):234-242.(In Chinese)
[9]朱清清,邵超英,张琢,等.生物表面活性剂皂角苷增效去除土壤中重金属的研究[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(12):2491-2498.ZHU Q Q,SHAO C Y,ZHANG Z,et al.Saponin biosurfactantenhanced flushing for the removal of heavy metals from soils[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2010,30(12):2491-2498.(In Chinese)
[10]TORRENS J L,HERMAN D C,MILLER-MAIER R M.Biosurfactant(rhamnolipid)sorption and the impact on rhamnolipid-facilitated removal of cadmium from various soils under saturated flow conditions[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1998,32(6):776-781.
[11]蓝梓铭,莫创荣,段秋实,等.鼠李糖脂对剩余污泥中铜和镍的去除[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(3):1174-1178.LAN Z M,MO C R,DUAN Q S,et al.Removal of cooper and nickel from excess sludge by rhamnolipid[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(3):1174-1178.(In Chinese)
[12]樊广萍,朱海燕,郝秀珍,等.不同的增强试剂对重金属污染场地土壤的电动修复影响[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(5):1458-1465.FAN G P,ZHU H Y,HAO X Z,et al.Electrokinetic remediation of an electroplating contaminated soil with different enhancing electrolytes[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(5):1458-1465.(In Chinese)
[13]YUAN C,WENG C H.Electrokinetic enhancement removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater sludge[J].Chemosphere,2006,65(1):88-96.
[14]周碧青,侯凤娟,林君锋.动电技术对污泥中主要重金属的去除效果研究[J].福建农业学报,2007(3):308-314.ZHOU B Q,HOU F J,LIN J F.Effect of electro-kinetics on the el imination of major heavy metal s in sludge[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2007(3):308-314.(In Chinese)
[15]杨军,郭广慧,陈同斌,等.中国城市污泥的重金属含量及其变化趋势[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(13):122-124.YAN J,GUO G H,CHEN T B,et al.Concentrations and variation of heavy metals in municipal sludge of China[J].China Water&Waste Water,2009,25(13):122-124.(In Chinese)
[16]庄艳峰,邹维列,王钊.一种分级式电渗排水软基处理电极排布结构:201410527717.1[P].2014-10-08.ZHUANG Y F,ZOU W L,WANG Z.A graded electrode arrangement structure of electro-osmotic for ground improvement:201410527717.1[P].2014-10-08.(In Chinese)
[17]刘仕翔,胡三荣,罗泽娇.EDTA和CA复配淋洗剂对重金属复合污染土壤的淋洗条件研究[J].安全与环境工程,2017,24(3):77-83.LIU S X,HU S R,LUO Z J.Study on compounding EDTA and CAleaching heavy metals contaminated soil[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2017,24(3):77-83.(In Chinese)
[18]焦丹,龚晓南,李瑛.电渗法加固软土地基试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,30(S1):3208-3216.JIAO D,GONG X N,LI Y.Experimental study of consolidation of soft clay using electro-osmosis method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(S1):3208-3216.(In Chinese)
[19]李瑛,龚晓南,张雪婵.电压对一维电渗排水影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):709-714,721.LI Y,GONG X N,ZHANG X C.Experimental research on effect of applied voltage on one-dimensional electroosmotic drainage[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):709-714,721.(In Chinese)
[20]梁鹏.槐糖脂生物表面活性剂增效重金属污染土壤电动修复研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学化学化工学院,2015.LIANG P.Sophorolipid complexation properties of heavy metals and the application of synergistic electric repair of heavy metal contaminated soil[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2015.(In Chinese)
[21]FRIEDMAN S P.Soil properties influencing apparent electrical conductivity:a review[J].Computer and Electronics in Agriculture,2005,46(1/3):45-70.
[22]VIRKUTYT J,SILLANPAA M,LATOSTENMAA P.Electrokinetic soil remediation-critical overview[J].Science of the Total Environment,2002,289:97-121.
[23]蒋煜峰,展惠英,张德懿,等.皂角苷络合洗脱污灌土壤中重金属的研究[J].环境科学学报,2006(8):1315-1319.JIANG Y F,ZHANG H Y,ZHANG D Y,et al.Study on desorption of heavy metal in sewage-irrigated soil by complexing with saponin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006(8):1315-1319.(In Chinese)
[24]陈洁,杨娟娟,周文军.皂角苷增强洗脱复合污染土壤中多环芳烃和重金属的作用及机理[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2325-2329.CHEN J,YANG J J,ZHOU W J.Simultaneous removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal from cocontaminated soils by saponin,a plant-derived biosurfactant[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(12):2325-2329.(In Chinese)
[25]ZHU N M,CHEN M J,GUO X J,et al.Electrokinetic removal of Cu and Zn in anaerobic digestate:interrelation between metal speciation and electrokinetic treatments[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,286(1):118-126.
[26]裴冬冬,鲁聪立,杨韦玲,等.柠檬酸强化电动去除和回收污泥中的重金属[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(6):3789-3796.PEI D D,LU C L,YANG W L,et al.Electrokinetic removal and recycling of heavy metals from sewage sludge with citric acid complexation[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(6):3789-3796.(In Chinese)
[27]黄翔峰,杨硕,陆丽君,等.鼠李糖脂淋洗法去除土壤中重金属研究进展[J].四川环境,2010,29(6):142-146.HUANG X F,YANG S,LU L J,et al.Research progress of removing heavy metals in soil by elution with rhamnolipid[J].Sichuan Environment,2010,29(6):142-146.(In Chinese)
[28]黄俊,喻泽斌,徐天佐,等.鼠李糖脂协助下的土壤中镉电动修复[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(10):3801-3808.HUANG J,YU Z B,XU T Z,et al.Rhamnoilpid-assisted electrokinetic remediation of cadmium contaminated soil[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,6(10):3801-3808.(In Chinese)
[29]CHAMPION J T,GILKEY J C,LAMPARSKI H,et al.Electron microscopy of rhamnolipid(biosurfactant)morphology:effects of p H,Cadmium,and octadecane[J].Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,1995,170(2):569-574.
[30]TANG J,HE J G,XIN X D,et al.Biosurfactants enhanced heavy metals removal from sludge in the electrokinetic treatment[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,334:2579-2592.
[2]周东美,邓昌芬.重金属污染土壤的电动修复技术研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2003(4):505-508.ZHOU D M,DENG C F.Review:electrokinetic remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil[J].Journal of Agro-Environmental Science,2003(4):505-508.(In Chinese)
[3]LAGEMAN R.Electroreclamation applications in the Netherlands[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1993,27(13):2648-2650.
[4]WEST L J,STEWART D I,BINLEY A M,et al.Resistivity imaging of soil during electrokinetic transport[J].Engineering Geology,1999,53(2):205-215.
[5]LI Z M,YU J W,NERETNIEKS I.Electroremediation:removal of heavy metals from soils by using cation-selective membrane[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1998,32(3):394-397.
[6]PARK J Y,KIM J H.Switching effects of electrode polarity and introduction direction of reagents in electrokinetic-Fenton process with anionic surfactant for remediating iron-rich soil contaminated with phenanthrene[J].Electrochimica Acta,2011,56(24):8094-8100.
[7]谭浩,赵新华,马伟芳.电化学法去除河道底泥重金属的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2006(12):2671-2672.TAN H,ZHAO X H,MA W F.Removal of heavy metal in river sediment with electro-kinetics[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2006(12):2671-2672.(In Chinese)
[8]周东美,郝秀珍,薛艳,等.污染土壤的修复技术研究进展[J].生态环境,2004(2):234-242.ZHOU D M,HAO X Z,XUE Y,et al.Advances in remediation technologies of contaminated soils[J].Ecology and Environment,2004(2):234-242.(In Chinese)
[9]朱清清,邵超英,张琢,等.生物表面活性剂皂角苷增效去除土壤中重金属的研究[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(12):2491-2498.ZHU Q Q,SHAO C Y,ZHANG Z,et al.Saponin biosurfactantenhanced flushing for the removal of heavy metals from soils[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2010,30(12):2491-2498.(In Chinese)
[10]TORRENS J L,HERMAN D C,MILLER-MAIER R M.Biosurfactant(rhamnolipid)sorption and the impact on rhamnolipid-facilitated removal of cadmium from various soils under saturated flow conditions[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1998,32(6):776-781.
[11]蓝梓铭,莫创荣,段秋实,等.鼠李糖脂对剩余污泥中铜和镍的去除[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(3):1174-1178.LAN Z M,MO C R,DUAN Q S,et al.Removal of cooper and nickel from excess sludge by rhamnolipid[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(3):1174-1178.(In Chinese)
[12]樊广萍,朱海燕,郝秀珍,等.不同的增强试剂对重金属污染场地土壤的电动修复影响[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(5):1458-1465.FAN G P,ZHU H Y,HAO X Z,et al.Electrokinetic remediation of an electroplating contaminated soil with different enhancing electrolytes[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(5):1458-1465.(In Chinese)
[13]YUAN C,WENG C H.Electrokinetic enhancement removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater sludge[J].Chemosphere,2006,65(1):88-96.
[14]周碧青,侯凤娟,林君锋.动电技术对污泥中主要重金属的去除效果研究[J].福建农业学报,2007(3):308-314.ZHOU B Q,HOU F J,LIN J F.Effect of electro-kinetics on the el imination of major heavy metal s in sludge[J].Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2007(3):308-314.(In Chinese)
[15]杨军,郭广慧,陈同斌,等.中国城市污泥的重金属含量及其变化趋势[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(13):122-124.YAN J,GUO G H,CHEN T B,et al.Concentrations and variation of heavy metals in municipal sludge of China[J].China Water&Waste Water,2009,25(13):122-124.(In Chinese)
[16]庄艳峰,邹维列,王钊.一种分级式电渗排水软基处理电极排布结构:201410527717.1[P].2014-10-08.ZHUANG Y F,ZOU W L,WANG Z.A graded electrode arrangement structure of electro-osmotic for ground improvement:201410527717.1[P].2014-10-08.(In Chinese)
[17]刘仕翔,胡三荣,罗泽娇.EDTA和CA复配淋洗剂对重金属复合污染土壤的淋洗条件研究[J].安全与环境工程,2017,24(3):77-83.LIU S X,HU S R,LUO Z J.Study on compounding EDTA and CAleaching heavy metals contaminated soil[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2017,24(3):77-83.(In Chinese)
[18]焦丹,龚晓南,李瑛.电渗法加固软土地基试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,30(S1):3208-3216.JIAO D,GONG X N,LI Y.Experimental study of consolidation of soft clay using electro-osmosis method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(S1):3208-3216.(In Chinese)
[19]李瑛,龚晓南,张雪婵.电压对一维电渗排水影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):709-714,721.LI Y,GONG X N,ZHANG X C.Experimental research on effect of applied voltage on one-dimensional electroosmotic drainage[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):709-714,721.(In Chinese)
[20]梁鹏.槐糖脂生物表面活性剂增效重金属污染土壤电动修复研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学化学化工学院,2015.LIANG P.Sophorolipid complexation properties of heavy metals and the application of synergistic electric repair of heavy metal contaminated soil[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,2015.(In Chinese)
[21]FRIEDMAN S P.Soil properties influencing apparent electrical conductivity:a review[J].Computer and Electronics in Agriculture,2005,46(1/3):45-70.
[22]VIRKUTYT J,SILLANPAA M,LATOSTENMAA P.Electrokinetic soil remediation-critical overview[J].Science of the Total Environment,2002,289:97-121.
[23]蒋煜峰,展惠英,张德懿,等.皂角苷络合洗脱污灌土壤中重金属的研究[J].环境科学学报,2006(8):1315-1319.JIANG Y F,ZHANG H Y,ZHANG D Y,et al.Study on desorption of heavy metal in sewage-irrigated soil by complexing with saponin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006(8):1315-1319.(In Chinese)
[24]陈洁,杨娟娟,周文军.皂角苷增强洗脱复合污染土壤中多环芳烃和重金属的作用及机理[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2325-2329.CHEN J,YANG J J,ZHOU W J.Simultaneous removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal from cocontaminated soils by saponin,a plant-derived biosurfactant[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(12):2325-2329.(In Chinese)
[25]ZHU N M,CHEN M J,GUO X J,et al.Electrokinetic removal of Cu and Zn in anaerobic digestate:interrelation between metal speciation and electrokinetic treatments[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2015,286(1):118-126.
[26]裴冬冬,鲁聪立,杨韦玲,等.柠檬酸强化电动去除和回收污泥中的重金属[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(6):3789-3796.PEI D D,LU C L,YANG W L,et al.Electrokinetic removal and recycling of heavy metals from sewage sludge with citric acid complexation[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2017,11(6):3789-3796.(In Chinese)
[27]黄翔峰,杨硕,陆丽君,等.鼠李糖脂淋洗法去除土壤中重金属研究进展[J].四川环境,2010,29(6):142-146.HUANG X F,YANG S,LU L J,et al.Research progress of removing heavy metals in soil by elution with rhamnolipid[J].Sichuan Environment,2010,29(6):142-146.(In Chinese)
[28]黄俊,喻泽斌,徐天佐,等.鼠李糖脂协助下的土壤中镉电动修复[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(10):3801-3808.HUANG J,YU Z B,XU T Z,et al.Rhamnoilpid-assisted electrokinetic remediation of cadmium contaminated soil[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,6(10):3801-3808.(In Chinese)
[29]CHAMPION J T,GILKEY J C,LAMPARSKI H,et al.Electron microscopy of rhamnolipid(biosurfactant)morphology:effects of p H,Cadmium,and octadecane[J].Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,1995,170(2):569-574.
[30]TANG J,HE J G,XIN X D,et al.Biosurfactants enhanced heavy metals removal from sludge in the electrokinetic treatment[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,334:2579-2592.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |