川西YS-1井玄武岩特征及与峨眉山玄武岩对比
|
摘要
探讨位于传统峨眉山大火成岩省之外的YS-1井玄武岩的特征及其与邻区峨眉山玄武岩的联系,为区域地质研究和油气勘探提供参考。YS-1井玄武岩总厚度达258 m,下与中二叠统茅口组灰岩呈火山喷发不整合接触,可见灰岩大理岩化;上与上二叠统龙潭组呈假整合接触。依据岩石组合及层序特征,共划分出16个韵律,归为3个旋回。岩相以溢流-喷溢相为主;初步研究显示玄武质多孔熔岩为主要的储层岩石类型,第三旋回上部为储层发育的有利部位。地球化学特征显示其属亚碱性-碱性过渡的高钛玄武岩,具洋岛玄武岩(OIB)特征;富集大离子亲石元素,稀土配分模式呈右倾平滑型,与峨眉山玄武岩相似。轻、重稀土分异程度揭示其岩浆起源于石榴子石二辉橄榄岩区的低度熔融;强不相容元素特征显示其源区受到陆壳或岩石圈地幔轻微混染。岩相特征、构造环境判别结果为板内玄武岩,属裂隙式喷发。该套玄武岩属于峨眉山大火成岩省的一部分,即YS-1井玄武岩的发现将峨眉山玄武岩分布范围扩大到了成都一带。
The study of basalt characteristics from the Well YS-1 outside the Emeishan large igneous province and its connection with the Emeishan basalt in the adjacent area provides information for regional geological research and oil & gas exploration. The drilling of Well YS-1 reveals that the basalt has a thickness of 258 m, which overlays unconformablely on the mid Permian Maokou Formation marbleization-limestone. On the top of the basalt are the Longtan Formation sedimentary rocks parallel to the underlying basalt. According to lithology and lithology combination, the basalt in Well YS-1 can be divided into 16 volcanic-rhythms and 3 volcanic-cycles, with the volcanic overflow facies and volcanic effusive facies as its main lithological facies. Preliminary study indicates that the porous lava is the main reservoir type and the upper part of the 3 rd volcanic-cycle is the favorable position for reservoir development. Geochemical study shows that basalt in Well YS-1 belongs to sub alkaline-alkaline transition type of high-Ti basalt, characteristic of typical oceanic island basalt(OIB). It is rich in large ion lithophile element(LILE) with right-inclined rare earth distribution pattern, similar to the Emeishan basalts. The fractionation of light rare earth elements(LREE) to heavy REE(HREE) suggests that the basalt is produced by low degrees of partial melting of garnet lherzolite, and the characteristics of strongly incompatible elements suggest that the magmatic source region is slightly contaminated by crust or lithospheric mantle. Analyses of lithofacies characteristics and tectonic setting discrimination show that the basalt from the Well YS-1 belongs to continental within-plate basalt(WPB), with fissure eruption as its eruption mode. Stratigraphic correlation and geochemical comparison manifest that basalt in Well YS-1 is pertain to part of the Emeishan basalt, and therefore, the distribution range of Emeishan basalts extends to the vicinity of Chengdu area.
The study of basalt characteristics from the Well YS-1 outside the Emeishan large igneous province and its connection with the Emeishan basalt in the adjacent area provides information for regional geological research and oil & gas exploration. The drilling of Well YS-1 reveals that the basalt has a thickness of 258 m, which overlays unconformablely on the mid Permian Maokou Formation marbleization-limestone. On the top of the basalt are the Longtan Formation sedimentary rocks parallel to the underlying basalt. According to lithology and lithology combination, the basalt in Well YS-1 can be divided into 16 volcanic-rhythms and 3 volcanic-cycles, with the volcanic overflow facies and volcanic effusive facies as its main lithological facies. Preliminary study indicates that the porous lava is the main reservoir type and the upper part of the 3 rd volcanic-cycle is the favorable position for reservoir development. Geochemical study shows that basalt in Well YS-1 belongs to sub alkaline-alkaline transition type of high-Ti basalt, characteristic of typical oceanic island basalt(OIB). It is rich in large ion lithophile element(LILE) with right-inclined rare earth distribution pattern, similar to the Emeishan basalts. The fractionation of light rare earth elements(LREE) to heavy REE(HREE) suggests that the basalt is produced by low degrees of partial melting of garnet lherzolite, and the characteristics of strongly incompatible elements suggest that the magmatic source region is slightly contaminated by crust or lithospheric mantle. Analyses of lithofacies characteristics and tectonic setting discrimination show that the basalt from the Well YS-1 belongs to continental within-plate basalt(WPB), with fissure eruption as its eruption mode. Stratigraphic correlation and geochemical comparison manifest that basalt in Well YS-1 is pertain to part of the Emeishan basalt, and therefore, the distribution range of Emeishan basalts extends to the vicinity of Chengdu area.
引文
[1] Coffin M F,Eldholm O.Large igneous provinces:Crustal structure,dimensions,and external consequences [J].Reviews of Geophysics,1994,32(1):1-36.
[2] Chung S L,Jahn B M.Plume-lithosphere interaction in generation of the Emeishan flood basalts at the Permian-Triassic boundary [J].Geology,1995,23(10):889-892.
[3] Mahoney J J,Coffin M.Large Igneous Provinces:Continental Oceanic,and Planetary Flood Volcanism [M].Washington D C:AGU Geophysical Monography,1997.
[4] Courtillot V,Jaupart C,Manighetti I,et al.On causal links between flood basalts and continental breakup [J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1999,166(3/4):177-195.
[5] 徐义刚,钟孙霖.峨眉山大火成岩省:地幔柱活动的证据及其熔融条件[J].地球化学,2001,30(1):1-9.Xu Y G,Zhong S L.The Emeishan Large Igneous Province evidence for mantle plume activity and melting conditions [J].Geochimica,2001,30(1):1-9.(in Chinese)
[6] Thompson G M,Ali J R,Song X Y,et al.Emeishan basalts,SW China:Reappraisal of the formation’s type area stratigraphy and a discussion of its significance as a large igneous province [J].Journal of the Geological Society,2001,158(4):593-599.
[7] Luo Z L,Jin Y Z.The Emei Taphrogenesis of the upper Yangtze Platform in South China [J].Geological Magazine,1990,127 (5):393-405.
[8] Morgan W J.Convection plumes in the lower mantle [J].Nature,1971,230(5288):42-43.
[9] Morgan W J.Plate motion and deep mantle convection [J].Geological Society of America Memoir,1972,132 (11):7-22.
[10] Campbell I H,Griffiths R W.Implications of mantle plume structure for the evolution of flood basalts [J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1990,99 (1):79-93.
[11] 侯增谦,卢记仁,李红阳,等.中国西南特提斯构造演化——幔柱构造控制[J].地球学报,1996,17(4):439-453.Hou Z Q,Lu J R,Li H Y,et al.Tectonic evolution of the Tethys in Southwestern China:Is controlled by plume tectonic [J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,1996,17(4):439-453.(in Chinese)
[12] 卢记仁.峨眉地幔柱的动力学特征[J].地球学报,1996,17(4):339-453.Lu J R.Dynamical characteristics of the Emei mantle plume [J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,1996,17(4):339-453.(in Chinese)
[13] 宋谢炎,王玉兰,曹志敏,等.峨眉山玄武岩、峨眉地裂运动与幔热柱[J].地质地球化学,1998,(1):47-52.Song X Y,Wang Y L,Cao Z M,et al.Emeishan basalt,Emei tafrogeny and mantle plume[J].Geology-Geochemistry,1998,(1):47-52.(in Chinese)
[14] 何斌,徐义刚,肖龙,等.峨眉山大火成岩省的形成机制及空间展布:来自沉积地层学的新证据[J].地质学报,2003,77(2):194-202.He B,Xu Y G,Xiao L,et al.Generation and spatial distribution of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province:New evidence from stratigraphic records [J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2003,77(2):194-202.(in Chinese)
[15] 张招崇,Mahoney J J,王福生,等.峨眉山大火成岩省西部苦橄岩及其共生玄武岩的地球化学:地幔柱头部熔融的证据[J].岩石学报,2006,22(6):1538-1552.Zhang Z C,Mahoney J J,Wang F S,et al.Geochemistry of picritic and associated basalt flows of the western Emeishan flood basalt province,China:Evidence for a plume-head origin[J].Acta Petrologic Sinica,2006,22(6):1538-1552.(in Chinese)
[16] Ernst R E,Buchan K L.The use of mafic dike swarms in identifying and locating mantle plumes [J].Geological Society of America,Boulder,2001,352:247-265.
[17] Ernst R E,Buchan K L.Maximum size and distribution in time and space of mantle plumes:Evidence from large igneous provinces [J].Journal of Geodynamics,2002,34(2):309-342.
[18] Bryan S E,Ernst R E.Revised definition of large igneous provinces (LIPs) [J].Earth-Science Reviews,2008,86(1/4):175-202.
[19] 徐义刚,何斌,黄小龙,等.地幔柱大辩论及如何验证地幔柱假说[J].地学前缘,2007,14(2):1-9.Xu Y G,He B,Huang X L,et al.The debate over mantle plumes and how to test the plume hypothesis[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(2):1-9.(in Chinese)
[20] 张招崇.关于峨眉山大火成岩省一些重要问题的讨论[J].中国地质,2009,36(3):634-646.Zhang Z C.A discussion on some important problems concerning the Emeishan Large Igneous province [J].Geology in China,2009,36(3):634-646.(in Chinese)
[21] 宋谢炎,侯增谦,汪云亮,等.峨眉山玄武岩的地幔热柱成因[J].矿物岩石,2002,22(4):27-32.Song X Y,Hou Z Q,Wang Y L,et al.The mantle plume features of Emeishan basalts [J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2002,22(4):27-32.(in Chinese)
[22] Xu Y G,Chung S L,Jahn B M,et al.Petrologic and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Permian-Triassic Emeishan flood basalts in southwestern China[J].Lithos,2001,58(3/4):145-168.
[23] 张招崇,董书云.大火成岩省是地幔柱作用引起的吗?[J].现代地质,2007,21(2):247-254.Zhang Z C,Dong S Y.Were large igneous provinces caused by mantle plumes?[J].Geoscience,2007,21(2):247-254.(in Chinese)
[24] Xiao L,Xu Y G,Chung S L,et al.Chemostratigraphic correlation of Upper Permian lavas from Yunnan Province,China:Extent of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province [J].International Geologic Review,2003,45(8):753-766.
[25] 何斌,徐义刚,肖龙,等.峨眉山地幔柱上升的沉积响应及其地质意义[J].地质论评,2006,52(1):30-37.He B,Xu Y G,Xiao L,et al.Sedimentary responses to uplift of Emeishan mantle plume and its implications[J].Geological Review,2006,52(1):30-37.(in Chinese)
[26] Ali J R,Fitton J G,Herzberg C.Emeishan Large Igneous Province (SW China) and the mantle-plume up-doming hypothesis [J].Journal of the Geological Society,2010,167(5):953-959.
[27] 张廷山,陈晓慧,刘治成,等.峨眉地幔柱构造对四川盆地栖霞期沉积格局的影响[J].地质学报,2011,85(8):1251-1264.Zhang T S,Chen X H,Liu Z C,et al.Effect of Emeishan mantle plume over the sedimentary pattern of Mid-Permian Qixia period in Sichuan Basin [J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(8):1251-1264.(in Chinese)
[28] Dong Y,Zhu B.Characteristics of the island-arc pillow lavas from southeast Yunnan Province,and its tectonic implications for Paleo-Tethys in South China [J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45(8):753-758.
[29] 汪云亮,李巨初,王旺章.微量元素丰度模式与峨眉山玄武岩成因[J].矿物岩石,1989,9(4):100-105.Wang Y L,Li J C,Wang W Z.Abundance model of trace elements and origin of Emei basalt [J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,1989,9(4):100-105.(in Chinese)
[30] 张招崇,王福生,范蔚茗,等.峨眉山玄武岩研究中的一些问题的讨论[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2001,20(3):239-246.Zhang Z C,Wang F S,Fan W M,et al.A discussion on some problems concerning the study of the Emeishan basalts [J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2001,20(3):239-246.(in Chinese)
[31] 张云湘,骆耀南,杨崇喜.攀西裂谷[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.Zhang Y X,Luo Y N,Yang C X.The Panxi Rift [M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1988.(in Chinese)
[32] 黄文龙,刘希军,时毓,等.桂西巴马地区极高Ti/Y值基性岩地球化学特征——来自峨眉山地幔柱高Ti母岩浆[J].地质通报,2015,34(2/3):474-486.Huang W L,Liu X J,Shi Y,et al.Geochemistry of extreme high Ti/Y mafic rocks from western Guangxi:Implications for the primitive magma of high Ti basalt of Emeishan mantle plume?[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2015,34(2/3):474-486.(in Chinese)
[33] 廖宝丽.贵州二叠纪碱性玄武岩的岩石学和地球化学研究[D].北京:中国地质大学档案馆,2013.Liao B L.Study of Petrology and Geochemistry of the Permian Alkaline Basalts in Guizhou Province [D].Beijing:The Archive of China University of Geosciences,2013.(in Chinese)
[34] 林浩.贵州省大方地区峨眉山玄武岩基本特征及成因分析[D].成都:成都理工大学档案馆,2017.Lin H.Basic Characteristics and Petrogenesis of Emeishan Basalts in Dafang Area,Guizhou Province [D].Chengdu:The Archive of Chengdu University of Technology,2017.(in Chinese)
[35] 张腊梅.贵州省大方县二叠纪玄武岩地球化学特征研究[D].成都:成都理工大学档案馆,2015.Zhang L M.Study on Geochemical Characteristics of Permian Basalts in Dafang,Guizhou[D].Chengdu:The Archive of Chengdu University of Technology,2015.(in Chinese)
[36] 张建东.四川省地质构造与成矿[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.Zhang J D.Geological Structure and Mineralization in Sichuan Province [M].Beijing:Science Press,2015.(in Chinese)
[37] 刘树根,邓宾,李智武,等.盆山结构与油气分布——以四川盆地为例[J].岩石学报,2011,27(3):621-635.Liu S G,Deng B,Li Z W,et al.The texture of sedimentary basin-orogenic belt system and its influence on oil/gas distribution:A case study from Sichuan Basin [J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(3):621-635.(in Chinese)
[38] 高金尉.四川盆地西南地区构造几何学与运动学特征及其对青藏高原东南缘动力学背景的指示[D].北京:中国地质大学档案馆,2012.Gao J W.Geometrics and Kinematics of Structures in Southwest Sichuan Basin:Indications to the Geo-dynamic Settings of the Southeast Margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [D].Beijing:The Archive of China University of Geosciences,2012.(in Chinese)
[39] 肖渊甫,郑荣才,邓江红.岩石学简明教程[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.Xiao Y F,Zheng R C,Deng J H.Petrology [M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009.(in Chinese)
[40] 邱家骧,林景仟.岩石化学[M].北京:地质出版社,1991:276.Qiu J X,Lin J Q,Petrochemistry [M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991:276.(in Chinese)
[41] 肖龙,徐义刚,梅厚钧,等.云南宾川地区峨眉山玄武岩地球化学特征:岩石类型及随时间演化规律[J].地质科学,2003,38(4):478-494.Xiao L,Xu Y G,Mei H J,et al.Geochemistry of Emeishan flood basalts at Binchuan area,SW China:Rock types and temporal evolution [J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2003,38(4):478-494.(in Chinese)
[42] 杨辉,马继跃,朱兵,等.四川马边、雷波地区峨眉山玄武岩地球化学特征及其成因[J].四川地质学报,2018,38(1):27-33.Yang H,Ma J Y,Zhu B,et al.Geochemical characteristics and genesis of the Emeishan basalt in the Mabian-Leibo region,Sichuan [J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2018,38(1):27-33.(in Chinese)
[43] Sun S S,McDonough W F.Chemical and Isotopic Systematics of Oceanic Basalts:Implications for Mantle Composition and Processes [M].London:Geological Society of London Special Publications,1989:313-345.
[44] 赵振华.微量元素地球化学原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.Zhao Z H.Principle of Microelement Geochemistry [M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.(in Chinese)
[45] Wang K,Plank T,Walker J,et al.A mantle melting profile across the basin and range,SW USA [J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2002,107(B1):5-21.
[46] Kinzler R J.Melting of mantle peridotite at pressures approaching the spinel to garnet transition:Application to mid-ocean ridge basalt petrogenesis [J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B1):853-874.
[47] Walter M J.Melting of garnet peridotite and the origin of komatiite and depleted lithosphere [J].Journal of Petrology,1998,39(1):29-60.
[48] McKenzie D,O’Nions R K.Partial melt distributions from inversion of rare earth element concentrations [J].Journal of Petrology,1991,32(5):1021-1091.
[49] McKenzie D,O’Nions R K.The source regions of ocean island basalts [J].Journal of Petrology,1995,36(1):133-159.
[50] Taylor S R,McLennan S M.The Continental Crust:Its Composition and Evolution [M].London:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1985.
[51] Frey F,Green D,Roy S.Integrated models of basalt petrogenesis:A study of quartz tholeiites to olivine melilitites from south eastern Australia utilizing geochemical and experimental petrological data [J].Journal of Petrology,1978,19(3):463-513.
[52] Shervais J W.Ti-V plots and the petrogenesis of modern and ophiolitic lavas [J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1982:59(1):101-118.
[53] Campbell I H.Identification of ancient mantle plumes[J].Geological Society of American,2001,352:5-12.
[54] Hofmann A W.Mantle geochemistry:The message from oceanic volcanism[J].Nature,1997,385 (6613):219-229.
[55] Tomlinson K Y,Condie K C.Archean mantle plumes:Evidence from greenstone belt geochemistry[J].Special Paper of the Geological Society of America,2001,352:341-357.
[56] 孙书勤,汪云亮,张成江.玄武岩类岩石大地构造环境的Th、Nb、Zr判别[J].地质论评,2003,49(1):40-47.Sun S Q,Wang Y L,Zhang C J.Discrimination of the tectonic settings of basalts by Th,Nb and Zr [J].Geological Review,2003,49(1):40-47.(in Chinese)
[57] Pearce J A,Norry M J.Petrogenetic implications of Ti,Zr,Y,and Nb variations in volcanic rocks [J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,1979,69(1):33-47.
[58] Pearce J,Cann J.Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses [J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1973,19(2):290-300.
[59] 武莉娜,王志畅,汪云亮.微量元素La,Nb,Zr在判别大地构造环境方面的应用[J].华东地质学院学报,2003,26(4):343-348.Wu L N,Wang Z C,Wang Y L.On the application of La,Nb and Zr in identifying the tectonic settings [J].Journal of East China College of Geology,2003,26(4):343-348.(in Chinese)
[60] Li H B,Zhang Z C,Santosh M,et al.Late Permian basalts in the Yanghe area,eastern Sichuan Province,SW China:Implications for the geodynamics of the Emeishan flood basalt province and Permian global mass extinction [J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2017,134:293-308.
[2] Chung S L,Jahn B M.Plume-lithosphere interaction in generation of the Emeishan flood basalts at the Permian-Triassic boundary [J].Geology,1995,23(10):889-892.
[3] Mahoney J J,Coffin M.Large Igneous Provinces:Continental Oceanic,and Planetary Flood Volcanism [M].Washington D C:AGU Geophysical Monography,1997.
[4] Courtillot V,Jaupart C,Manighetti I,et al.On causal links between flood basalts and continental breakup [J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1999,166(3/4):177-195.
[5] 徐义刚,钟孙霖.峨眉山大火成岩省:地幔柱活动的证据及其熔融条件[J].地球化学,2001,30(1):1-9.Xu Y G,Zhong S L.The Emeishan Large Igneous Province evidence for mantle plume activity and melting conditions [J].Geochimica,2001,30(1):1-9.(in Chinese)
[6] Thompson G M,Ali J R,Song X Y,et al.Emeishan basalts,SW China:Reappraisal of the formation’s type area stratigraphy and a discussion of its significance as a large igneous province [J].Journal of the Geological Society,2001,158(4):593-599.
[7] Luo Z L,Jin Y Z.The Emei Taphrogenesis of the upper Yangtze Platform in South China [J].Geological Magazine,1990,127 (5):393-405.
[8] Morgan W J.Convection plumes in the lower mantle [J].Nature,1971,230(5288):42-43.
[9] Morgan W J.Plate motion and deep mantle convection [J].Geological Society of America Memoir,1972,132 (11):7-22.
[10] Campbell I H,Griffiths R W.Implications of mantle plume structure for the evolution of flood basalts [J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1990,99 (1):79-93.
[11] 侯增谦,卢记仁,李红阳,等.中国西南特提斯构造演化——幔柱构造控制[J].地球学报,1996,17(4):439-453.Hou Z Q,Lu J R,Li H Y,et al.Tectonic evolution of the Tethys in Southwestern China:Is controlled by plume tectonic [J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,1996,17(4):439-453.(in Chinese)
[12] 卢记仁.峨眉地幔柱的动力学特征[J].地球学报,1996,17(4):339-453.Lu J R.Dynamical characteristics of the Emei mantle plume [J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,1996,17(4):339-453.(in Chinese)
[13] 宋谢炎,王玉兰,曹志敏,等.峨眉山玄武岩、峨眉地裂运动与幔热柱[J].地质地球化学,1998,(1):47-52.Song X Y,Wang Y L,Cao Z M,et al.Emeishan basalt,Emei tafrogeny and mantle plume[J].Geology-Geochemistry,1998,(1):47-52.(in Chinese)
[14] 何斌,徐义刚,肖龙,等.峨眉山大火成岩省的形成机制及空间展布:来自沉积地层学的新证据[J].地质学报,2003,77(2):194-202.He B,Xu Y G,Xiao L,et al.Generation and spatial distribution of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province:New evidence from stratigraphic records [J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2003,77(2):194-202.(in Chinese)
[15] 张招崇,Mahoney J J,王福生,等.峨眉山大火成岩省西部苦橄岩及其共生玄武岩的地球化学:地幔柱头部熔融的证据[J].岩石学报,2006,22(6):1538-1552.Zhang Z C,Mahoney J J,Wang F S,et al.Geochemistry of picritic and associated basalt flows of the western Emeishan flood basalt province,China:Evidence for a plume-head origin[J].Acta Petrologic Sinica,2006,22(6):1538-1552.(in Chinese)
[16] Ernst R E,Buchan K L.The use of mafic dike swarms in identifying and locating mantle plumes [J].Geological Society of America,Boulder,2001,352:247-265.
[17] Ernst R E,Buchan K L.Maximum size and distribution in time and space of mantle plumes:Evidence from large igneous provinces [J].Journal of Geodynamics,2002,34(2):309-342.
[18] Bryan S E,Ernst R E.Revised definition of large igneous provinces (LIPs) [J].Earth-Science Reviews,2008,86(1/4):175-202.
[19] 徐义刚,何斌,黄小龙,等.地幔柱大辩论及如何验证地幔柱假说[J].地学前缘,2007,14(2):1-9.Xu Y G,He B,Huang X L,et al.The debate over mantle plumes and how to test the plume hypothesis[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(2):1-9.(in Chinese)
[20] 张招崇.关于峨眉山大火成岩省一些重要问题的讨论[J].中国地质,2009,36(3):634-646.Zhang Z C.A discussion on some important problems concerning the Emeishan Large Igneous province [J].Geology in China,2009,36(3):634-646.(in Chinese)
[21] 宋谢炎,侯增谦,汪云亮,等.峨眉山玄武岩的地幔热柱成因[J].矿物岩石,2002,22(4):27-32.Song X Y,Hou Z Q,Wang Y L,et al.The mantle plume features of Emeishan basalts [J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,2002,22(4):27-32.(in Chinese)
[22] Xu Y G,Chung S L,Jahn B M,et al.Petrologic and geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Permian-Triassic Emeishan flood basalts in southwestern China[J].Lithos,2001,58(3/4):145-168.
[23] 张招崇,董书云.大火成岩省是地幔柱作用引起的吗?[J].现代地质,2007,21(2):247-254.Zhang Z C,Dong S Y.Were large igneous provinces caused by mantle plumes?[J].Geoscience,2007,21(2):247-254.(in Chinese)
[24] Xiao L,Xu Y G,Chung S L,et al.Chemostratigraphic correlation of Upper Permian lavas from Yunnan Province,China:Extent of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province [J].International Geologic Review,2003,45(8):753-766.
[25] 何斌,徐义刚,肖龙,等.峨眉山地幔柱上升的沉积响应及其地质意义[J].地质论评,2006,52(1):30-37.He B,Xu Y G,Xiao L,et al.Sedimentary responses to uplift of Emeishan mantle plume and its implications[J].Geological Review,2006,52(1):30-37.(in Chinese)
[26] Ali J R,Fitton J G,Herzberg C.Emeishan Large Igneous Province (SW China) and the mantle-plume up-doming hypothesis [J].Journal of the Geological Society,2010,167(5):953-959.
[27] 张廷山,陈晓慧,刘治成,等.峨眉地幔柱构造对四川盆地栖霞期沉积格局的影响[J].地质学报,2011,85(8):1251-1264.Zhang T S,Chen X H,Liu Z C,et al.Effect of Emeishan mantle plume over the sedimentary pattern of Mid-Permian Qixia period in Sichuan Basin [J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(8):1251-1264.(in Chinese)
[28] Dong Y,Zhu B.Characteristics of the island-arc pillow lavas from southeast Yunnan Province,and its tectonic implications for Paleo-Tethys in South China [J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45(8):753-758.
[29] 汪云亮,李巨初,王旺章.微量元素丰度模式与峨眉山玄武岩成因[J].矿物岩石,1989,9(4):100-105.Wang Y L,Li J C,Wang W Z.Abundance model of trace elements and origin of Emei basalt [J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,1989,9(4):100-105.(in Chinese)
[30] 张招崇,王福生,范蔚茗,等.峨眉山玄武岩研究中的一些问题的讨论[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2001,20(3):239-246.Zhang Z C,Wang F S,Fan W M,et al.A discussion on some problems concerning the study of the Emeishan basalts [J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2001,20(3):239-246.(in Chinese)
[31] 张云湘,骆耀南,杨崇喜.攀西裂谷[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.Zhang Y X,Luo Y N,Yang C X.The Panxi Rift [M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1988.(in Chinese)
[32] 黄文龙,刘希军,时毓,等.桂西巴马地区极高Ti/Y值基性岩地球化学特征——来自峨眉山地幔柱高Ti母岩浆[J].地质通报,2015,34(2/3):474-486.Huang W L,Liu X J,Shi Y,et al.Geochemistry of extreme high Ti/Y mafic rocks from western Guangxi:Implications for the primitive magma of high Ti basalt of Emeishan mantle plume?[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2015,34(2/3):474-486.(in Chinese)
[33] 廖宝丽.贵州二叠纪碱性玄武岩的岩石学和地球化学研究[D].北京:中国地质大学档案馆,2013.Liao B L.Study of Petrology and Geochemistry of the Permian Alkaline Basalts in Guizhou Province [D].Beijing:The Archive of China University of Geosciences,2013.(in Chinese)
[34] 林浩.贵州省大方地区峨眉山玄武岩基本特征及成因分析[D].成都:成都理工大学档案馆,2017.Lin H.Basic Characteristics and Petrogenesis of Emeishan Basalts in Dafang Area,Guizhou Province [D].Chengdu:The Archive of Chengdu University of Technology,2017.(in Chinese)
[35] 张腊梅.贵州省大方县二叠纪玄武岩地球化学特征研究[D].成都:成都理工大学档案馆,2015.Zhang L M.Study on Geochemical Characteristics of Permian Basalts in Dafang,Guizhou[D].Chengdu:The Archive of Chengdu University of Technology,2015.(in Chinese)
[36] 张建东.四川省地质构造与成矿[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.Zhang J D.Geological Structure and Mineralization in Sichuan Province [M].Beijing:Science Press,2015.(in Chinese)
[37] 刘树根,邓宾,李智武,等.盆山结构与油气分布——以四川盆地为例[J].岩石学报,2011,27(3):621-635.Liu S G,Deng B,Li Z W,et al.The texture of sedimentary basin-orogenic belt system and its influence on oil/gas distribution:A case study from Sichuan Basin [J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(3):621-635.(in Chinese)
[38] 高金尉.四川盆地西南地区构造几何学与运动学特征及其对青藏高原东南缘动力学背景的指示[D].北京:中国地质大学档案馆,2012.Gao J W.Geometrics and Kinematics of Structures in Southwest Sichuan Basin:Indications to the Geo-dynamic Settings of the Southeast Margin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [D].Beijing:The Archive of China University of Geosciences,2012.(in Chinese)
[39] 肖渊甫,郑荣才,邓江红.岩石学简明教程[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.Xiao Y F,Zheng R C,Deng J H.Petrology [M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009.(in Chinese)
[40] 邱家骧,林景仟.岩石化学[M].北京:地质出版社,1991:276.Qiu J X,Lin J Q,Petrochemistry [M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991:276.(in Chinese)
[41] 肖龙,徐义刚,梅厚钧,等.云南宾川地区峨眉山玄武岩地球化学特征:岩石类型及随时间演化规律[J].地质科学,2003,38(4):478-494.Xiao L,Xu Y G,Mei H J,et al.Geochemistry of Emeishan flood basalts at Binchuan area,SW China:Rock types and temporal evolution [J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2003,38(4):478-494.(in Chinese)
[42] 杨辉,马继跃,朱兵,等.四川马边、雷波地区峨眉山玄武岩地球化学特征及其成因[J].四川地质学报,2018,38(1):27-33.Yang H,Ma J Y,Zhu B,et al.Geochemical characteristics and genesis of the Emeishan basalt in the Mabian-Leibo region,Sichuan [J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,2018,38(1):27-33.(in Chinese)
[43] Sun S S,McDonough W F.Chemical and Isotopic Systematics of Oceanic Basalts:Implications for Mantle Composition and Processes [M].London:Geological Society of London Special Publications,1989:313-345.
[44] 赵振华.微量元素地球化学原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.Zhao Z H.Principle of Microelement Geochemistry [M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.(in Chinese)
[45] Wang K,Plank T,Walker J,et al.A mantle melting profile across the basin and range,SW USA [J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2002,107(B1):5-21.
[46] Kinzler R J.Melting of mantle peridotite at pressures approaching the spinel to garnet transition:Application to mid-ocean ridge basalt petrogenesis [J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B1):853-874.
[47] Walter M J.Melting of garnet peridotite and the origin of komatiite and depleted lithosphere [J].Journal of Petrology,1998,39(1):29-60.
[48] McKenzie D,O’Nions R K.Partial melt distributions from inversion of rare earth element concentrations [J].Journal of Petrology,1991,32(5):1021-1091.
[49] McKenzie D,O’Nions R K.The source regions of ocean island basalts [J].Journal of Petrology,1995,36(1):133-159.
[50] Taylor S R,McLennan S M.The Continental Crust:Its Composition and Evolution [M].London:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1985.
[51] Frey F,Green D,Roy S.Integrated models of basalt petrogenesis:A study of quartz tholeiites to olivine melilitites from south eastern Australia utilizing geochemical and experimental petrological data [J].Journal of Petrology,1978,19(3):463-513.
[52] Shervais J W.Ti-V plots and the petrogenesis of modern and ophiolitic lavas [J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1982:59(1):101-118.
[53] Campbell I H.Identification of ancient mantle plumes[J].Geological Society of American,2001,352:5-12.
[54] Hofmann A W.Mantle geochemistry:The message from oceanic volcanism[J].Nature,1997,385 (6613):219-229.
[55] Tomlinson K Y,Condie K C.Archean mantle plumes:Evidence from greenstone belt geochemistry[J].Special Paper of the Geological Society of America,2001,352:341-357.
[56] 孙书勤,汪云亮,张成江.玄武岩类岩石大地构造环境的Th、Nb、Zr判别[J].地质论评,2003,49(1):40-47.Sun S Q,Wang Y L,Zhang C J.Discrimination of the tectonic settings of basalts by Th,Nb and Zr [J].Geological Review,2003,49(1):40-47.(in Chinese)
[57] Pearce J A,Norry M J.Petrogenetic implications of Ti,Zr,Y,and Nb variations in volcanic rocks [J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,1979,69(1):33-47.
[58] Pearce J,Cann J.Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses [J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1973,19(2):290-300.
[59] 武莉娜,王志畅,汪云亮.微量元素La,Nb,Zr在判别大地构造环境方面的应用[J].华东地质学院学报,2003,26(4):343-348.Wu L N,Wang Z C,Wang Y L.On the application of La,Nb and Zr in identifying the tectonic settings [J].Journal of East China College of Geology,2003,26(4):343-348.(in Chinese)
[60] Li H B,Zhang Z C,Santosh M,et al.Late Permian basalts in the Yanghe area,eastern Sichuan Province,SW China:Implications for the geodynamics of the Emeishan flood basalt province and Permian global mass extinction [J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2017,134:293-308.