基于半无码的P(Y)码自相关GNSS-R海面测高方法
|
摘要
针对传统GPS C/A码延迟测高方法测高精度低和互相关测高方法时延波形信噪比低的问题,研究了基于半无码的P(Y)码自相关海面测高方法。首先,通过理论测高精度模型,对比分析了C/A码和P(Y)码的测高精度;然后,描述了L1、L2双频反射信号基于半无码的P(Y)码自相关处理架构,并论述了测高模型和L1、L2双频电离层时延误差修正方法;最后,利用模拟的L1、L2反射信号对比分析了基于半无码的P(Y)码自相关、C/A码自相关以及信号互相关方法的海面测高精度。结果表明:相比于C/A码自相关和信号互相关测高精度,基于半无码的P(Y)码自相关的测高精度分别提高了3. 97倍和1. 47倍。
In this paper,the semi-codeless based P(Y) code autocorrelation sea surface altimetry method was studied due to the fact that the conventional GPS C/A code delay altimetry method is less precise,and that the signal-to-noise ratio of delay waveform in interference altimetry method is low.First,the height measurement accuracy of the C/A code and P(Y) code was compared and analyzed through theoretical model for describing the height measurement accuracy.Then,the architecture of semi-codeless based P(Y) code autocorrelation processing for L1 and L2 dual-frequency reflected signals was described.Meanwhile,the altimetry model and dual-frequency ionospheric time-delay error correction methods are discussed.Finally,using simulated L1 and L2 reflection signals,the measurement accuracy is compared and analyzed regarding the proposed method,C/A code autocorrelation method and signal cross-correlation method.The results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is 3.97 times and 1.47 times higher than that of the C/A code autocorrelation method and signal cross-correlation method,respectively.
In this paper,the semi-codeless based P(Y) code autocorrelation sea surface altimetry method was studied due to the fact that the conventional GPS C/A code delay altimetry method is less precise,and that the signal-to-noise ratio of delay waveform in interference altimetry method is low.First,the height measurement accuracy of the C/A code and P(Y) code was compared and analyzed through theoretical model for describing the height measurement accuracy.Then,the architecture of semi-codeless based P(Y) code autocorrelation processing for L1 and L2 dual-frequency reflected signals was described.Meanwhile,the altimetry model and dual-frequency ionospheric time-delay error correction methods are discussed.Finally,using simulated L1 and L2 reflection signals,the measurement accuracy is compared and analyzed regarding the proposed method,C/A code autocorrelation method and signal cross-correlation method.The results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is 3.97 times and 1.47 times higher than that of the C/A code autocorrelation method and signal cross-correlation method,respectively.
引文
[1]杨东凯,张其善.GNSS反射信号处理基础与实践[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2012:7-14.YANG D K,ZHANG Q S.GNSS reflected signal processing:Fundamentals and applications[M].Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2012:7-14(in Chinese).
[2]LOWE S T,ZUFFADA C,CHAO Y,et al.5-cm-precision aircraft ocean altimetry using GPS reflections[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2002,29(10):1375.
[3]ZAVOROTNY V U,VORONOVICH A G.Scattering of GPS signals from the ocean with wind remote sensing application[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2002,38(2):951-964.
[4]KOMJATHY A,MASLANIK J,ZAVOROTNY V U,et al.Sea ice remote sensing using surface reflected GPS signals[C]∥IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2000:2855-2857.
[5]MASTERS D,AXELRAD P,KATZBERG S.Initial results of land-reflected GPS bistatic radar measurements in SMEX02[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,92(4):507-520.
[6]MARTIN-NEIRA M.A passive reflectometry and interferometry system(PARIS)application to ocean altimetry[J].ESA Journal,1993,17(4):331-355.
[7]ROUSSEL N,RAMILLIEN G,FRAPPART F,et al.Sea level monitoring and sea state estimate using a single geodetic receiver[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,171:261-277.
[8]RIUS A,CARDELLACH E,MARTIN-NEIRA M.Altimetric analysis of the sea-surface GPS-reflected signals[J].IEEETransactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2010,48(4):2119-2127.
[9]MARTIN-NEIRA M,COLMENAREJO P,RUFFINI G,et al.Altimetry precision of 1 cm over a pond using the wide-lane carrier phase of GPS reflected signals[J].Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,2002,28(3):394-403.
[10]WILMHOFF B,LALEZARI F,ZAVOROTNY V,et al.GPSocean altimetry from aircraft using the P(Y)code signal[C]∥IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2007:5093-5096.
[11]MARTIN-NEIRA M,D’ADDIO S,BUCK C,et al.The PARISocean altimeter in-orbit demonstrator[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2011,49(6):2209-2237.
[12]CARRENO-LUENGO H,CAMPS A,RAMOS-PREZ I,et al.Experimental evaluation of GNSS-reflectometry altimetric precision using the P(Y)and C/A signals[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations&Remote Sensing,2014,7(5):1493-1500.
[13]LOWE S T,MEEHAN T,YOUNG L.Direct signal enhanced semicodeless processing of GNSS surface-reflected signals[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations&Remote Sensing,2017,7(5):1469-1472.
[14]WAGNER C,KLOKOˇCNK J.The value of ocean reflections of GPS signals to enhance satellite altimetry:Data distribution and error analysis[J].Journal of Geodesy,2003,77(3-4):128-138.
[15]LI W,RIUS A,FABRA F,et al.Revisiting the GNSS-R waveform statistics and its impact on altimetric retrievals[J].IEEETransactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2018,56(5):2854-2871.
[16]于成辉.基于GNSS反射信号的测高精度增强方法研究与实现[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2013.YU C H.Research and implementation of achieving better altimetry precision based on GNSS-R[D].Beijing:Beihang University,2013(in Chinese).
[17]HAJJ G A,ZUFFADA C.Theoretical description of a bistatic system for ocean altimetry using the GPS signal[J].Radio Science,2016,38(5):1089.
[18]GPS Joint Program Office.Navstar GPS space segment/navigation user interfaces:IS-GPS-200[S].Washington:Navstar GPSSpace Segment,2013:21-31.
[19]CARDELLACH E,RIUS A,MARTN-NEIRA M,et al.Consolidating the precision of interferometric GNSS-R ocean altimetry using airborne experimental data[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2014,52(8):4992-5004.
[20]严伏朝,王永平,谢世杰.GPS定位的电离层误差[J].测绘通报,2000(9):10-12.YANG F C,WANG Y P,XIE S J.Ionospheric error in positioning with GPS[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2000(9):10-12(in Chinese).
[21]王晔,孟斌,李潇,等.一种GPS海洋反射信号测试系统[C]∥第三届中国卫星导航学术年会电子文集,2012:44-47.WANG Y,MENG B,LI X,et al.A GNSS-R testing system based on GPS signal generator[C]∥Third session China Satellite Navigation Conference Corpus,2012:44-47(in Chinese).
[22]ZAVOROTNY V U,VORONOVICH A G.Scattering of GPS signals from the ocean with wind remote sensing application[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2000,38(2):951-964.
[2]LOWE S T,ZUFFADA C,CHAO Y,et al.5-cm-precision aircraft ocean altimetry using GPS reflections[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2002,29(10):1375.
[3]ZAVOROTNY V U,VORONOVICH A G.Scattering of GPS signals from the ocean with wind remote sensing application[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2002,38(2):951-964.
[4]KOMJATHY A,MASLANIK J,ZAVOROTNY V U,et al.Sea ice remote sensing using surface reflected GPS signals[C]∥IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2000:2855-2857.
[5]MASTERS D,AXELRAD P,KATZBERG S.Initial results of land-reflected GPS bistatic radar measurements in SMEX02[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,92(4):507-520.
[6]MARTIN-NEIRA M.A passive reflectometry and interferometry system(PARIS)application to ocean altimetry[J].ESA Journal,1993,17(4):331-355.
[7]ROUSSEL N,RAMILLIEN G,FRAPPART F,et al.Sea level monitoring and sea state estimate using a single geodetic receiver[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,171:261-277.
[8]RIUS A,CARDELLACH E,MARTIN-NEIRA M.Altimetric analysis of the sea-surface GPS-reflected signals[J].IEEETransactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2010,48(4):2119-2127.
[9]MARTIN-NEIRA M,COLMENAREJO P,RUFFINI G,et al.Altimetry precision of 1 cm over a pond using the wide-lane carrier phase of GPS reflected signals[J].Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing,2002,28(3):394-403.
[10]WILMHOFF B,LALEZARI F,ZAVOROTNY V,et al.GPSocean altimetry from aircraft using the P(Y)code signal[C]∥IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2007:5093-5096.
[11]MARTIN-NEIRA M,D’ADDIO S,BUCK C,et al.The PARISocean altimeter in-orbit demonstrator[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2011,49(6):2209-2237.
[12]CARRENO-LUENGO H,CAMPS A,RAMOS-PREZ I,et al.Experimental evaluation of GNSS-reflectometry altimetric precision using the P(Y)and C/A signals[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations&Remote Sensing,2014,7(5):1493-1500.
[13]LOWE S T,MEEHAN T,YOUNG L.Direct signal enhanced semicodeless processing of GNSS surface-reflected signals[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations&Remote Sensing,2017,7(5):1469-1472.
[14]WAGNER C,KLOKOˇCNK J.The value of ocean reflections of GPS signals to enhance satellite altimetry:Data distribution and error analysis[J].Journal of Geodesy,2003,77(3-4):128-138.
[15]LI W,RIUS A,FABRA F,et al.Revisiting the GNSS-R waveform statistics and its impact on altimetric retrievals[J].IEEETransactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2018,56(5):2854-2871.
[16]于成辉.基于GNSS反射信号的测高精度增强方法研究与实现[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2013.YU C H.Research and implementation of achieving better altimetry precision based on GNSS-R[D].Beijing:Beihang University,2013(in Chinese).
[17]HAJJ G A,ZUFFADA C.Theoretical description of a bistatic system for ocean altimetry using the GPS signal[J].Radio Science,2016,38(5):1089.
[18]GPS Joint Program Office.Navstar GPS space segment/navigation user interfaces:IS-GPS-200[S].Washington:Navstar GPSSpace Segment,2013:21-31.
[19]CARDELLACH E,RIUS A,MARTN-NEIRA M,et al.Consolidating the precision of interferometric GNSS-R ocean altimetry using airborne experimental data[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2014,52(8):4992-5004.
[20]严伏朝,王永平,谢世杰.GPS定位的电离层误差[J].测绘通报,2000(9):10-12.YANG F C,WANG Y P,XIE S J.Ionospheric error in positioning with GPS[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2000(9):10-12(in Chinese).
[21]王晔,孟斌,李潇,等.一种GPS海洋反射信号测试系统[C]∥第三届中国卫星导航学术年会电子文集,2012:44-47.WANG Y,MENG B,LI X,et al.A GNSS-R testing system based on GPS signal generator[C]∥Third session China Satellite Navigation Conference Corpus,2012:44-47(in Chinese).
[22]ZAVOROTNY V U,VORONOVICH A G.Scattering of GPS signals from the ocean with wind remote sensing application[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience&Remote Sensing,2000,38(2):951-964.