垃圾填埋场压缩沉降模型对比分析研究
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摘要
城市生活垃圾(MSW)压缩量大,垃圾土沉降预测对于垃圾填埋场意义重大。各国学者对垃圾沉降模型较为重视,目前提出的沉降模型可以划分为五大类:基于土力学压缩固结理论的沉降模型、经验模型、流变及蠕变模型、生物降解模型和综合类模型。经过分析得出如下主要结论:前三类模型存在明显的缺陷,只能反映出某一方面的沉降机理;生物降解模型和综合类模型可以反映多个沉降机理,具有一定的优越性,但是所有的生物降解类模型没有考虑环境等因素对有机物降解的影响,目前这方面的研究比较缺乏;综合类模型虽然结合了多种沉降机理对垃圾土沉降进行了预测,但是其预测的总沉降只是多种沉降机理引起沉降的叠加,在机理方面没有突破。所以不完善的有机物降解规律和不同种类垃圾土特性成为MSW沉降问题研究的瓶颈。在有机物降解规律和垃圾土特性基础上发展的综合类沉降模型将会是将来沉降模型研究的主流方向。
Prediction of the settlement for municipal solid wastes is a very important thing for landfills.Many researchers from many countries put focus on the settlement models of landfills,those models be divided into five classes.They are soil mechanics-based models,rheological or creep models,empirical model,settlement models incorporating biodegradation,composite compressibility models.The former three types models have obvious weakness,and they can only reflect one certain aspect of compression mechanisms;but the settlement models incorporating biodegradation and composite compressibility models can reflect more aspects of compression mechanisms,so these models are advanced.Though the settlement models incorporating biodegradation,composite compressibility models are better than the former three types.The settlement models incorporating biodegradation don't take environmental factors and other factors into account,the settlement that the composite compressibility models predict is only the addition of the settlements that every compression mechanisms makes.So that imperfect biodegradation law and characteristics of organic materials restrict the settlement models development.The composite compressibility models considering biodegradation law will be the hot issue and nodus problem for MSW.
Prediction of the settlement for municipal solid wastes is a very important thing for landfills.Many researchers from many countries put focus on the settlement models of landfills,those models be divided into five classes.They are soil mechanics-based models,rheological or creep models,empirical model,settlement models incorporating biodegradation,composite compressibility models.The former three types models have obvious weakness,and they can only reflect one certain aspect of compression mechanisms;but the settlement models incorporating biodegradation and composite compressibility models can reflect more aspects of compression mechanisms,so these models are advanced.Though the settlement models incorporating biodegradation,composite compressibility models are better than the former three types.The settlement models incorporating biodegradation don't take environmental factors and other factors into account,the settlement that the composite compressibility models predict is only the addition of the settlements that every compression mechanisms makes.So that imperfect biodegradation law and characteristics of organic materials restrict the settlement models development.The composite compressibility models considering biodegradation law will be the hot issue and nodus problem for MSW.
引文
[1]Watts K S,Charles J A.Settlement characteristics of landfill wastes[J].Geotechnical Engineering,1999,137(4):225-233.
[2]Gibson R E,Lo K Y.A theory of Consolidation for Soils Exhibiting Secondary Compression[J].Norwegian Geotech.Inst.Publ,1961,41:1-41.
[3]Hoornweg D,Lam P,Chaudhry M.Waste Management in China:Issues and Recommendations[R].East Asia Infrastructure Development,The World Bank,2005.
[4]陈玉宏,岑海堂,穆宏秀.城市垃圾处理现状及难点研究[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2012(1):24-27.
[5]陈云敏,王立忠,胡亚元等.城市固体垃圾填埋场边坡稳定性分析[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(3):92-97.
[6]李晓红,赵瑜,卢义玉,等.城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的污染及其控制[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(6):1071-1075.
[7]李秀兰,刘东燕,罗云菊.山地城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液环境问题的探讨[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006(5):855-858.
[8]冯世进,焦阳,郑奇腾.考虑垃圾体成层性的渗滤液回灌运移规律[J].地下空间与工程学报,2014,10(6):1263-1269.
[9]耿震,蒋岚岚.垃圾沉降对竖向堆高的垃圾填埋场的影响及处理方法设计[J].环境工程,2009,27(4):101-104.
[10]Meibner H,Abel K.Stresses in landfill liner slopes an result of waste displacements[A]//Sêco e Pinto(editor).Environmental Geotechnics[C].A ABalkema,Rottedam,Holanda,1998:139-144.
[11]Mcquade S J,Needham A D.Geomembrane liner defects-causes,frequency and avoidance[J].Geotechnical Engineering,1999,137(4):203-213
[12]孔宪京,孙秀丽.城市固体废弃物沉降模型研究现状及其进展.[J]大连理工大学学报,2006,46(4):615-624.
[13]Powrie W,Ceng Fice,Beaven R P.Hydraulic properties of household waste and implications for landfills[J].Geotechnical Engineering,1999,137(4):235-247
[14]张振营,吴世明,陈云敏.天子岭垃圾填埋场有机物降解规律的研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(1):60-62.
[15]刘毓氛,黄超强.考虑生物降解的填埋场长期沉降研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(9):1532-1534.
[16]张莲,何品晶,瞿贤,等.城市生活垃圾填埋场沉降模型比较[J].环境卫生工程,2006,14(6):1-5.
[17]刘荣,卢廷浩.垃圾土的复合沉降模型研究[J].建筑科学,2007,23(12):94-97.
[18]Edil T B,Ranguette V J,Wuellner WW.Settlment of municipal refuse[A]//Arvid L,Knowles G D(editor),Geotechnics of Waste Fills-theory and Practice[C].Philadelphia:ASTM STP 1070,1990:225-239
[19]Murphy W L,Gilbert P A.Settlement and cover subsidence of hazardous waste landfills[R].Environmental Protection Agency,Cincinnati,OH.Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab,1985.
[20]Grisolia M,Napoleoni X.Geotechnical characterization of municipal solid waste:Choice of design parameters.[A]//Proc.2nd Int.Congress on Environmental Geotechnics[C].Osaka,Japan,Balkema,Rotterdam,The Netherlands,1996:641-646.
[21]Ling H I,Leshchinsky D,Mohri Y,et al.Estimation of municipal solid waste landfill settlement[J].Jaamal of Geotech and Geoenviron Engineering,1998,124(1):21-28
[22]Sowers G F.Settlement of waste disposal fills[S]//Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C],1973:207-210.
[23]Wall D K,Zeiss C.Municipal landll biodegradation and settlement[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,1995,121(3):214-224.
[24]Bjarngard A,Edgers L.Settlement of municipal solid waste landlls[A]//Proc.13th Annual Madison Waste Conf[C].Univ.of Wisconsin,Madison,Wis,1990,192-205.
[25]Jambu N,Svano G,Christensen S.Back-calculated creep rates case records[A]//Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Soil Geotechnics and Foundation Engineering[C].1989:1809-1812.
[26]Hossain S M,Gabr M A.Prediction of municipal solid waste landll settlement with leachate recirculation[A]//Geotechnical Special Publication[C].2005:3837-3850.
[27]Monteiro V E D,y JucáJ F T.Geotechnical studies of clay liners in a municipal solid waste landfill[A]//Sêco e Pinto(editor).Environmental Geotechnics[C].A A Balkema,Rottedam,Holanda,1998:185-189.
[28]孙龙,施建勇,胡兴昊.城市固体废弃物(MSW)的压缩规律和沉降模型[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2013,11(2):76-81.
[29]谢强.城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场沉降特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2004.
[30]赵燕茹,谢强,张永兴,等.垃圾土蠕变-降解沉降特性试验研究[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2013,35(6):7-15.
[31]Yen B C,Scanlon B S.Sanitary landfill settlement rates[J].J.Geotech.Eng.,1975,101(5):475-487.
[32]Cheyney A C.Settlement of landfill[A]//Landfill Completion Symposium Proceeding[C].UK:Harwell Laboratory,1983:13-29
[33]Coumoulos D G,Koryalos T P.Prediction of attenuation of landll settlement rates with time[A]//Proc.14th Int.Conf.on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C].ISSMFE,Hamburg,Germany,1997.3,1807-1811.
[34]Edgers L,Nobel J J,Williams E.A biologic model for long term settlement in landfills[A]//Proceedings of the Mediterranean Conference on Environmental Geotechnology[C].1992:177-184.
[35]Park H I,Lee S R.Long-term settlement behavior of landfills with refuse decomposition[J].Resour Manage Technol,1997,24(4):159-165
[36]柯瀚.城市固体废弃物填埋场的沉降、静力和动力稳定研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2002.
[37]张振营,陈云敏.城市垃圾填埋场沉降模型的研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2004,38(9):1162-1165.
[38]刘东燕,冯国建,罗云菊,等.考虑降解率下的垃圾土降解压缩量计算模型[J].土木建筑与环境工程.2010,32(2):15-18.
[39]谢焰,陈云敏,柯瀚.考虑降解和分级堆填的填埋场一维沉降计算[J].水文地质工程地质,2008(1):102-106.
[40]陈继东,施建勇,胡亚东.垃圾土一维压缩修正公式及有机物降解验证试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(7):1797-1801.
[41]Marques A C M,Filz G M,Vilar O M.Composite compressibility model for municipal solid waste[J].Journal of Geotech and Geoenviron Eng,2003,129(4):372-378
[42]Olivier F.Tassement des Déchets en CSD de ClasseⅡ:du Site au Modèle[D].Thèse de doctorat Universitéde Grenoble I.,2003.
[43]柯瀚,陈云敏,谢焰等.适宜降解条件下填埋场的沉降模型及案例分析[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(6):929-938.
[44]Liu X F,Collin F.Numerical modeling of the long term behavior of Municipal Solid Waste in a bioreactor landfill[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2016,72(1):152-170.
[45]Kutsyi D V.Numerical modeling of landfill gas and heat transport in the deformable MSW landfill body.Part 1.Development of the model[J].Thermal Engineering,2015,62(6):403-407.
[46]Kutsyi D V.Numerical modeling of landfill gas and heat transport in the deformable MSW landfill body.Part 2.Verification and application of the model[J].Thermal Engineering,2015,62(7):495-502.
[47]Lakshmikanthan P,Sughosh P,White J,et al.Experimental and modelling studies on a laboratory scale anaerobic bioreactor treating mechanically biologically treated municipal solid waste[J].Waste Management and Research,2017,35(7):700-708.
[48]Santhosh L G,Lakshmikanthan P,Sivakumar Babu GL.Laboratory investigation of large scale MSW reactor under anaerobic conditions[J].Indian Geotechnical Journal,2017,47(4):395-409.
[49]刘晓东,施建勇,胡亚东.考虑城市固体废弃物(MSW)生化降解的力-气耦合一维沉降模型及计算[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(5):693-699.
[50]刘海龙.城市固废降解-固结-溶质迁移耦合行为及稳定化研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[51]赵燕茹.城市生活垃圾填埋体的力学特性及降解沉降研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.
[52]Shi J Y,Qian X D,Liu X D,et al.The behavior of compression and degradation for municipal solid waste and combined settlement calculation method[J].Waste Management,2016.55(9):154-64.
[53]Gao W,Bian X C,Xu W J,et al.An equivalent-timelines model for municipal solid waste based on its compression characteristics[J].Waste Management,2017,68(10):292-306.
[54]Emberton J R,Parker A.Problems associated with building on landfill sites[J].Waste Management and Research,1987,5(4):473-482
[55]El-Fadel M,Findikakis A,Leckie J.Estimating and enhancing methane yield from municipal solid waste[J].Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials,1996,13(3),309-331.
[56]Gardner N,Probert S D.Forecasting landfill-gas yields[J].Applied Energy,1993,44(2):131-163.
[57]El-Fadel M,Shazbak S,Saliby E,et al.Comparative assessment of settlement models for municipal solid waste landfill applications[J].Waste Management and Research,1999,17(5):347-368,[58]Barlaz M A,Ham R K.Schaefer D M.Methane production from municipal refuse:a review of enhancement techniques and microbial dynamics[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Control,1990,19(3),557-584.
[2]Gibson R E,Lo K Y.A theory of Consolidation for Soils Exhibiting Secondary Compression[J].Norwegian Geotech.Inst.Publ,1961,41:1-41.
[3]Hoornweg D,Lam P,Chaudhry M.Waste Management in China:Issues and Recommendations[R].East Asia Infrastructure Development,The World Bank,2005.
[4]陈玉宏,岑海堂,穆宏秀.城市垃圾处理现状及难点研究[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2012(1):24-27.
[5]陈云敏,王立忠,胡亚元等.城市固体垃圾填埋场边坡稳定性分析[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(3):92-97.
[6]李晓红,赵瑜,卢义玉,等.城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的污染及其控制[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(6):1071-1075.
[7]李秀兰,刘东燕,罗云菊.山地城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液环境问题的探讨[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006(5):855-858.
[8]冯世进,焦阳,郑奇腾.考虑垃圾体成层性的渗滤液回灌运移规律[J].地下空间与工程学报,2014,10(6):1263-1269.
[9]耿震,蒋岚岚.垃圾沉降对竖向堆高的垃圾填埋场的影响及处理方法设计[J].环境工程,2009,27(4):101-104.
[10]Meibner H,Abel K.Stresses in landfill liner slopes an result of waste displacements[A]//Sêco e Pinto(editor).Environmental Geotechnics[C].A ABalkema,Rottedam,Holanda,1998:139-144.
[11]Mcquade S J,Needham A D.Geomembrane liner defects-causes,frequency and avoidance[J].Geotechnical Engineering,1999,137(4):203-213
[12]孔宪京,孙秀丽.城市固体废弃物沉降模型研究现状及其进展.[J]大连理工大学学报,2006,46(4):615-624.
[13]Powrie W,Ceng Fice,Beaven R P.Hydraulic properties of household waste and implications for landfills[J].Geotechnical Engineering,1999,137(4):235-247
[14]张振营,吴世明,陈云敏.天子岭垃圾填埋场有机物降解规律的研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(1):60-62.
[15]刘毓氛,黄超强.考虑生物降解的填埋场长期沉降研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(9):1532-1534.
[16]张莲,何品晶,瞿贤,等.城市生活垃圾填埋场沉降模型比较[J].环境卫生工程,2006,14(6):1-5.
[17]刘荣,卢廷浩.垃圾土的复合沉降模型研究[J].建筑科学,2007,23(12):94-97.
[18]Edil T B,Ranguette V J,Wuellner WW.Settlment of municipal refuse[A]//Arvid L,Knowles G D(editor),Geotechnics of Waste Fills-theory and Practice[C].Philadelphia:ASTM STP 1070,1990:225-239
[19]Murphy W L,Gilbert P A.Settlement and cover subsidence of hazardous waste landfills[R].Environmental Protection Agency,Cincinnati,OH.Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab,1985.
[20]Grisolia M,Napoleoni X.Geotechnical characterization of municipal solid waste:Choice of design parameters.[A]//Proc.2nd Int.Congress on Environmental Geotechnics[C].Osaka,Japan,Balkema,Rotterdam,The Netherlands,1996:641-646.
[21]Ling H I,Leshchinsky D,Mohri Y,et al.Estimation of municipal solid waste landfill settlement[J].Jaamal of Geotech and Geoenviron Engineering,1998,124(1):21-28
[22]Sowers G F.Settlement of waste disposal fills[S]//Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C],1973:207-210.
[23]Wall D K,Zeiss C.Municipal landll biodegradation and settlement[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,1995,121(3):214-224.
[24]Bjarngard A,Edgers L.Settlement of municipal solid waste landlls[A]//Proc.13th Annual Madison Waste Conf[C].Univ.of Wisconsin,Madison,Wis,1990,192-205.
[25]Jambu N,Svano G,Christensen S.Back-calculated creep rates case records[A]//Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Soil Geotechnics and Foundation Engineering[C].1989:1809-1812.
[26]Hossain S M,Gabr M A.Prediction of municipal solid waste landll settlement with leachate recirculation[A]//Geotechnical Special Publication[C].2005:3837-3850.
[27]Monteiro V E D,y JucáJ F T.Geotechnical studies of clay liners in a municipal solid waste landfill[A]//Sêco e Pinto(editor).Environmental Geotechnics[C].A A Balkema,Rottedam,Holanda,1998:185-189.
[28]孙龙,施建勇,胡兴昊.城市固体废弃物(MSW)的压缩规律和沉降模型[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2013,11(2):76-81.
[29]谢强.城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场沉降特性研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2004.
[30]赵燕茹,谢强,张永兴,等.垃圾土蠕变-降解沉降特性试验研究[J].土木建筑与环境工程,2013,35(6):7-15.
[31]Yen B C,Scanlon B S.Sanitary landfill settlement rates[J].J.Geotech.Eng.,1975,101(5):475-487.
[32]Cheyney A C.Settlement of landfill[A]//Landfill Completion Symposium Proceeding[C].UK:Harwell Laboratory,1983:13-29
[33]Coumoulos D G,Koryalos T P.Prediction of attenuation of landll settlement rates with time[A]//Proc.14th Int.Conf.on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C].ISSMFE,Hamburg,Germany,1997.3,1807-1811.
[34]Edgers L,Nobel J J,Williams E.A biologic model for long term settlement in landfills[A]//Proceedings of the Mediterranean Conference on Environmental Geotechnology[C].1992:177-184.
[35]Park H I,Lee S R.Long-term settlement behavior of landfills with refuse decomposition[J].Resour Manage Technol,1997,24(4):159-165
[36]柯瀚.城市固体废弃物填埋场的沉降、静力和动力稳定研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2002.
[37]张振营,陈云敏.城市垃圾填埋场沉降模型的研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2004,38(9):1162-1165.
[38]刘东燕,冯国建,罗云菊,等.考虑降解率下的垃圾土降解压缩量计算模型[J].土木建筑与环境工程.2010,32(2):15-18.
[39]谢焰,陈云敏,柯瀚.考虑降解和分级堆填的填埋场一维沉降计算[J].水文地质工程地质,2008(1):102-106.
[40]陈继东,施建勇,胡亚东.垃圾土一维压缩修正公式及有机物降解验证试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(7):1797-1801.
[41]Marques A C M,Filz G M,Vilar O M.Composite compressibility model for municipal solid waste[J].Journal of Geotech and Geoenviron Eng,2003,129(4):372-378
[42]Olivier F.Tassement des Déchets en CSD de ClasseⅡ:du Site au Modèle[D].Thèse de doctorat Universitéde Grenoble I.,2003.
[43]柯瀚,陈云敏,谢焰等.适宜降解条件下填埋场的沉降模型及案例分析[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(6):929-938.
[44]Liu X F,Collin F.Numerical modeling of the long term behavior of Municipal Solid Waste in a bioreactor landfill[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2016,72(1):152-170.
[45]Kutsyi D V.Numerical modeling of landfill gas and heat transport in the deformable MSW landfill body.Part 1.Development of the model[J].Thermal Engineering,2015,62(6):403-407.
[46]Kutsyi D V.Numerical modeling of landfill gas and heat transport in the deformable MSW landfill body.Part 2.Verification and application of the model[J].Thermal Engineering,2015,62(7):495-502.
[47]Lakshmikanthan P,Sughosh P,White J,et al.Experimental and modelling studies on a laboratory scale anaerobic bioreactor treating mechanically biologically treated municipal solid waste[J].Waste Management and Research,2017,35(7):700-708.
[48]Santhosh L G,Lakshmikanthan P,Sivakumar Babu GL.Laboratory investigation of large scale MSW reactor under anaerobic conditions[J].Indian Geotechnical Journal,2017,47(4):395-409.
[49]刘晓东,施建勇,胡亚东.考虑城市固体废弃物(MSW)生化降解的力-气耦合一维沉降模型及计算[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(5):693-699.
[50]刘海龙.城市固废降解-固结-溶质迁移耦合行为及稳定化研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[51]赵燕茹.城市生活垃圾填埋体的力学特性及降解沉降研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.
[52]Shi J Y,Qian X D,Liu X D,et al.The behavior of compression and degradation for municipal solid waste and combined settlement calculation method[J].Waste Management,2016.55(9):154-64.
[53]Gao W,Bian X C,Xu W J,et al.An equivalent-timelines model for municipal solid waste based on its compression characteristics[J].Waste Management,2017,68(10):292-306.
[54]Emberton J R,Parker A.Problems associated with building on landfill sites[J].Waste Management and Research,1987,5(4):473-482
[55]El-Fadel M,Findikakis A,Leckie J.Estimating and enhancing methane yield from municipal solid waste[J].Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials,1996,13(3),309-331.
[56]Gardner N,Probert S D.Forecasting landfill-gas yields[J].Applied Energy,1993,44(2):131-163.
[57]El-Fadel M,Shazbak S,Saliby E,et al.Comparative assessment of settlement models for municipal solid waste landfill applications[J].Waste Management and Research,1999,17(5):347-368,[58]Barlaz M A,Ham R K.Schaefer D M.Methane production from municipal refuse:a review of enhancement techniques and microbial dynamics[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Control,1990,19(3),557-584.