基于光纤传感技术的地裂缝物理模型试验
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摘要
苏南地区地裂缝成因机制较为复杂,且灾害活跃。以光纤光栅传感器为监测手段,建立基岩潜山条件下物理地质模型,模拟抽水差异性沉降过程,揭示地裂缝发育演化规律。试验结果表明:(1)地下水过量抽采导致的不均匀沉降是地裂缝发育的最直接因素,地下水水位降深越大、抽采速率越快,地面沉降越明显。(2)基岩潜山形态位置对地表沉降起控制作用;同时地面沉降最严重区域与地裂缝分布区域基本一致;基岩潜山的发育位置形态、地表的沉降曲线以及地裂缝分布情况基本一致。(3)模型试验结果与研究区地裂缝灾害发育规律基本一致。此次基于光纤技术的物理模型试验研究为地裂缝研究提供新的方法与手段。
The formation mechanism of ground fissures in southern Jiangsu is complicated,where disasters occur frequently,and they are threats to the living environment. In order to reveal the regular development pattern of ground fissures, a geophysical model is established under the buried-hill condition and the settlement process with the water-drawing variability is simulated by means of a fiber grating sensor. The experimental results show that( 1) The non-uniform settlement caused by groundwater over-exploitation is the most direct factor of the development of ground fissures. The more the groundwater level drops and the higher the groundwater extraction rate is,the more obvious the land subsidence is.( 2) The location of the buriedhill formation controls the ground settlement,and the areas suffering land subsidence mostly coincide with those with ground fissures. The ground settlement curve and the fissure distribution where the buried hills develop look basically the same.( 3) Result of the model experiment corresponds to the evolution pattern of disasters in the studied fissures area. The experimental research with the physical model based on the fiberoptic technology provides new methods and means for ground fissure studies.
The formation mechanism of ground fissures in southern Jiangsu is complicated,where disasters occur frequently,and they are threats to the living environment. In order to reveal the regular development pattern of ground fissures, a geophysical model is established under the buried-hill condition and the settlement process with the water-drawing variability is simulated by means of a fiber grating sensor. The experimental results show that( 1) The non-uniform settlement caused by groundwater over-exploitation is the most direct factor of the development of ground fissures. The more the groundwater level drops and the higher the groundwater extraction rate is,the more obvious the land subsidence is.( 2) The location of the buriedhill formation controls the ground settlement,and the areas suffering land subsidence mostly coincide with those with ground fissures. The ground settlement curve and the fissure distribution where the buried hills develop look basically the same.( 3) Result of the model experiment corresponds to the evolution pattern of disasters in the studied fissures area. The experimental research with the physical model based on the fiberoptic technology provides new methods and means for ground fissure studies.
引文
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[3]龚绪龙,孙强,张卫强,等.基底潜山对土体失水收缩开裂动态过程影响的试验研究[J].地震工程学报,2015,37(1):11-15.[GONG X L,SUN Q,ZHANG W Q,et al.The influence of a buried hill in basement on the dynamic process of cracking due to soil desiccation[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2015,37(1):11-15.(in Chinese)]
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[7]王哲成,张云.地下水超采引起的地裂缝灾害的研究进展[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(2):88-93.[WANG Z C,ZHANG Y.Advances in research on the earth fissure induced by groundwater overexploitation[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(2):88-93.(in Chinese)]
[8]施斌,唐朝生,王宝军,等.黏性土在不同温度下龟裂的发展及机理讨论[J].高校地质报,2009,15(2):192-198.[SHI B,TANG C S,WANG B J,et al.Developing law and morphological analysis of shrinkage cracks of clayey soil under different temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,15(2):192-198.(in Chinese)]
[9]周东,王利明,欧孝夺,等.环境温湿度对黏土干缩裂缝结构形态影响[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2012,37(2):204-209.[ZHOU D,WANG L M,OU X D,et al.Influence of environment temperature and humidity on structural morphology of desiccation fissures in clay[J].Journal of Guangxi University(Science and Technology),2012,37(2):204-209.(in Chinese)]
[10]唐朝生,施斌,顾凯.土中水分的蒸发过程试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(6):875-881.[TANG C S,SHI B,GU K.Experimental investigation on evaporation process of water in soilduring drying[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(6):875-881.(in Chinese)]
[11]唐朝生,崔玉军,An-Minh Tang,等.土体干燥过程的体积收缩变形特征[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(8):1271-1279.[TANG C S,CUI Y J,TANG A M,et al.Volumetric shrinkage characteristics of soil during drying[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(8):1271-1279.(in Chinese)]
[12]焦珣,苏小四,于军.苏锡常地裂缝危险性分区[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2009,39(1):142-146.[JIAO X,SU X S,YU J.Fatalness zoning of earth fissure hazards in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Area[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2009,39(1):142-146.(in Chinese)]
[13]朱锦旗,焦珣,于军,等.基于GA-ANN的苏锡常地裂缝危险性评价[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(4):106-110.[ZHU J Q,JIAO X,YU J,et al.Evaluation of earth fissures based on GA-ANN coupling model in the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou area[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(4):106-110.(in Chinese)]
[14]王哲成.抽水条件下拉张型地裂缝开展过程的数值模拟研究[D].南京:南京大学,2012.[WANG Z C.Simulation of propagation of tensile-induced earth fissures due to groundwater extraction[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2012.(in Chinese)]
[15]黄强兵,马玉杰,姜紫看,等.地裂缝活动作用下地层应力和位移传递规律研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2018,45(1):144-150.[HUANG Q B,MA Y J,JIANG Z K,et al.A study of the transfer law of formation stress and displacement induced by active ground fissure[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2018,45(1):144-150.(in Chinese)]
[16]宋伟,马学军,吕凤兰,等.沧州河间构造地裂缝应力场二维平面模型研究[J].上海国土资源,2017,38(3):83-89.[SONG W,MA X J,LYU F L,et al.The two-dimensional plane model study of tectonic ground fissure stress field in Hejian County of Cangzhou city,Hebei Province[J].Shanghai Land&Resources,2017,38(3):83-89.(in Chinese)]
[17]Zhang Y,Xue Y Q,Wu J C.Land subsidence and earth fissures due to groundwater withdrawal in the Southern Yangtse Delta,China[J].Environmental Geology,2008,55(4):751-762.
[18]彭建兵,陈立伟,黄强兵,等.地裂缝破裂扩展的大型物理模拟试验研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1826-1834.[PENG J B,CHEN L W,HUANG Q B,et al.Large-scale physical simulative experiment on ground-fissure expansion mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(6):1826-1834.(in Chinese)]
[19]彭建兵,范文,李喜安,等.汾渭盆地地裂缝成因研究中的若干关键问题[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):433-440.[PENG J B,FAN W,LI X A,et al.Some key issues in the formation of ground fissures in the Fenwei Basin[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):433-440.(in Chinese)]
[20]顾春生,袁骏.基于光纤光栅传感技术的覆岩破坏模型试验[J].煤炭技术,2016,35(3):84-86.[GU C S,YUAN J.Model test of overlying rock failure based on fiber bragg grating sensing technology[J].Coal Technology,2016,35(3):84-86.(in Chinese)]
[21]顾春生,杨伟峰.基于光纤传感技术的降雨边坡模型试验[J].金属矿山,2017,46(2):141-144.[GU C S,YANG W F.Model test of landslide failure under rainfall based on optical sensing technology[J].Metal Mine,2017,46(2):141-144.(in Chinese)]
[22]卢毅,施斌,席均,等.基于BOTDR的地裂缝分布式光纤监测技术研究[J].工程地质学报,2014,22(1):8-13.[LU Y,SHI B,XI J,et al.Field study of BOTDR-BASED distributed monitoring technology for ground fissures.[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(1):8-13.(in Chinese)]
[23]刘沛然,杨成生,赵超英.河北邢台隆尧地裂缝活动PS-In SAR监测与分析[J].上海国土资源,2017,38(3):78-82.[LIU P R,YANG C S,ZHAO C Y.PS-In SAR monitoring of Longyao ground fissure in Xingtai,Hebei Province[J].Shanghai Land&Resources,2017,38(3):78-82.(in Chinese)]
[2]陈立伟.地裂缝扩展机理研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007.[CHEN L W.Study on the propagation mechanism of ground fissures[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2007.(in Chinese)]
[3]龚绪龙,孙强,张卫强,等.基底潜山对土体失水收缩开裂动态过程影响的试验研究[J].地震工程学报,2015,37(1):11-15.[GONG X L,SUN Q,ZHANG W Q,et al.The influence of a buried hill in basement on the dynamic process of cracking due to soil desiccation[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2015,37(1):11-15.(in Chinese)]
[4]王光亚,施斌,王晓梅,等.江阴南部地面沉降及地裂缝研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2009,36(2):117-122.[WANG G Y,SHI B,WANG X M,et al.Land subsidence and earth fissures in southern Jiangyin[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2009,36(2):117-122.(in Chinese)]
[5]马学军,吕凤兰,宋伟,等.华北平原地裂缝影响因素分析[J].上海国土资源,2016,37(1):74-76.[MA X J,LYU F L,SONG W,et al.Major influence factors of ground fissure in the North China Plain[J].Shanghai Land&Resources,2016,37(1):74-76.(in Chinese)]
[6]杨为民,张永双,黄晓,等.徐水县北楼村漕河地裂缝形成机理及其演化[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(2):122-128.[YANG W M,ZHANG Y S,HUANG X,et al.Formation mechanism and evolutin of hte Caohe River earth fissure in the Bailou Village of Xushui County[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2014,41(2):122-128.(in Chinese)]
[7]王哲成,张云.地下水超采引起的地裂缝灾害的研究进展[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(2):88-93.[WANG Z C,ZHANG Y.Advances in research on the earth fissure induced by groundwater overexploitation[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(2):88-93.(in Chinese)]
[8]施斌,唐朝生,王宝军,等.黏性土在不同温度下龟裂的发展及机理讨论[J].高校地质报,2009,15(2):192-198.[SHI B,TANG C S,WANG B J,et al.Developing law and morphological analysis of shrinkage cracks of clayey soil under different temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,15(2):192-198.(in Chinese)]
[9]周东,王利明,欧孝夺,等.环境温湿度对黏土干缩裂缝结构形态影响[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2012,37(2):204-209.[ZHOU D,WANG L M,OU X D,et al.Influence of environment temperature and humidity on structural morphology of desiccation fissures in clay[J].Journal of Guangxi University(Science and Technology),2012,37(2):204-209.(in Chinese)]
[10]唐朝生,施斌,顾凯.土中水分的蒸发过程试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2011,19(6):875-881.[TANG C S,SHI B,GU K.Experimental investigation on evaporation process of water in soilduring drying[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2011,19(6):875-881.(in Chinese)]
[11]唐朝生,崔玉军,An-Minh Tang,等.土体干燥过程的体积收缩变形特征[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(8):1271-1279.[TANG C S,CUI Y J,TANG A M,et al.Volumetric shrinkage characteristics of soil during drying[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(8):1271-1279.(in Chinese)]
[12]焦珣,苏小四,于军.苏锡常地裂缝危险性分区[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2009,39(1):142-146.[JIAO X,SU X S,YU J.Fatalness zoning of earth fissure hazards in Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou Area[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2009,39(1):142-146.(in Chinese)]
[13]朱锦旗,焦珣,于军,等.基于GA-ANN的苏锡常地裂缝危险性评价[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(4):106-110.[ZHU J Q,JIAO X,YU J,et al.Evaluation of earth fissures based on GA-ANN coupling model in the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou area[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(4):106-110.(in Chinese)]
[14]王哲成.抽水条件下拉张型地裂缝开展过程的数值模拟研究[D].南京:南京大学,2012.[WANG Z C.Simulation of propagation of tensile-induced earth fissures due to groundwater extraction[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2012.(in Chinese)]
[15]黄强兵,马玉杰,姜紫看,等.地裂缝活动作用下地层应力和位移传递规律研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2018,45(1):144-150.[HUANG Q B,MA Y J,JIANG Z K,et al.A study of the transfer law of formation stress and displacement induced by active ground fissure[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2018,45(1):144-150.(in Chinese)]
[16]宋伟,马学军,吕凤兰,等.沧州河间构造地裂缝应力场二维平面模型研究[J].上海国土资源,2017,38(3):83-89.[SONG W,MA X J,LYU F L,et al.The two-dimensional plane model study of tectonic ground fissure stress field in Hejian County of Cangzhou city,Hebei Province[J].Shanghai Land&Resources,2017,38(3):83-89.(in Chinese)]
[17]Zhang Y,Xue Y Q,Wu J C.Land subsidence and earth fissures due to groundwater withdrawal in the Southern Yangtse Delta,China[J].Environmental Geology,2008,55(4):751-762.
[18]彭建兵,陈立伟,黄强兵,等.地裂缝破裂扩展的大型物理模拟试验研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1826-1834.[PENG J B,CHEN L W,HUANG Q B,et al.Large-scale physical simulative experiment on ground-fissure expansion mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(6):1826-1834.(in Chinese)]
[19]彭建兵,范文,李喜安,等.汾渭盆地地裂缝成因研究中的若干关键问题[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(4):433-440.[PENG J B,FAN W,LI X A,et al.Some key issues in the formation of ground fissures in the Fenwei Basin[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(4):433-440.(in Chinese)]
[20]顾春生,袁骏.基于光纤光栅传感技术的覆岩破坏模型试验[J].煤炭技术,2016,35(3):84-86.[GU C S,YUAN J.Model test of overlying rock failure based on fiber bragg grating sensing technology[J].Coal Technology,2016,35(3):84-86.(in Chinese)]
[21]顾春生,杨伟峰.基于光纤传感技术的降雨边坡模型试验[J].金属矿山,2017,46(2):141-144.[GU C S,YANG W F.Model test of landslide failure under rainfall based on optical sensing technology[J].Metal Mine,2017,46(2):141-144.(in Chinese)]
[22]卢毅,施斌,席均,等.基于BOTDR的地裂缝分布式光纤监测技术研究[J].工程地质学报,2014,22(1):8-13.[LU Y,SHI B,XI J,et al.Field study of BOTDR-BASED distributed monitoring technology for ground fissures.[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2014,22(1):8-13.(in Chinese)]
[23]刘沛然,杨成生,赵超英.河北邢台隆尧地裂缝活动PS-In SAR监测与分析[J].上海国土资源,2017,38(3):78-82.[LIU P R,YANG C S,ZHAO C Y.PS-In SAR monitoring of Longyao ground fissure in Xingtai,Hebei Province[J].Shanghai Land&Resources,2017,38(3):78-82.(in Chinese)]
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