从全球视角看中国城市格局、层级与类型——基于全球城市竞争力数据的研究
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摘要
运用聚类分析方法,从城市经济竞争力和城市功能角度对全球1 007个城市的层级、类型与格局进行计量分析,在此基础上对中国292个城市进行研究。研究发现:中国城市发展水平略高于世界城市发展平均水平;城市竞争力水平区域差异显著,呈现东部强于西部、南部优于北部、沿海胜于内陆的整体格局;层级聚类分析结果表明:中国城市在世界城市之林占有一席之地,城市层级结构显著,各层级内部差异明显且越来越大;类型聚类分析结果表明:中国城市虽缺乏世界顶级中心城市,但香港、上海、北京跻身世界次级中心城市,广州、台北跻身传统区域中心城市,深圳跻身科技中心城市。
This paper uses the cluster analysis method to measure the level,type and pattern of the 1007 cities in the world from the perspective of urban economic competitiveness and urban function. Based on this,it studies 292 cities in China. The study found that: China' s urban development level is slightly higher than the average level of urban development in the world. China's first tier cities and Hong Kong's economic competitiveness are in the leading position in the country,and the southeast region occupies half of the top ten cities; China' s urban competitiveness levels have significant regional differences,showing that the eastern region is stronger than the western region. The southern region is better than the north and the coastal area is better than the inland overall structure. The hierarchical clustering analysis shows that China's top cities have a place in the forests of the world's cities. China's urban hierarchical structure is significant,and differences within and among levels are evident and growing. The results of type cluster analysis indicate that the cities in China currently lack the world' s top center cities,but China's first tier cities,Hong Kong,and Taipei rank among the top cities in the world.
This paper uses the cluster analysis method to measure the level,type and pattern of the 1007 cities in the world from the perspective of urban economic competitiveness and urban function. Based on this,it studies 292 cities in China. The study found that: China' s urban development level is slightly higher than the average level of urban development in the world. China's first tier cities and Hong Kong's economic competitiveness are in the leading position in the country,and the southeast region occupies half of the top ten cities; China' s urban competitiveness levels have significant regional differences,showing that the eastern region is stronger than the western region. The southern region is better than the north and the coastal area is better than the inland overall structure. The hierarchical clustering analysis shows that China's top cities have a place in the forests of the world's cities. China's urban hierarchical structure is significant,and differences within and among levels are evident and growing. The results of type cluster analysis indicate that the cities in China currently lack the world' s top center cities,but China's first tier cities,Hong Kong,and Taipei rank among the top cities in the world.
引文
[1]倪鹏飞.全球城市竞争力报告(2017-2018),中国社会科学出版社,2018:38-58.
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[3]周一星,张莉,武悦.城市中心性与我国城市中心性的等级体系[J].地域研究与开发,2001,20(4):1-5.
[4] COMMENDATORE P,KUBIN I,MOSSAY P. The role of centrality and market size in a four-region asymmetric new economic geography model[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2017,27(5):1095-1131.
[5] JAYASINGHE A,SANO K,NISHIUCHI H. Explain traffic flow patterns using centrality measures[J]. International Journal of Traffic and Transport Engineering,2015,5(2):134-149.
[6] MATSUMOTO H,DOMAE K. O'Connor K. Business connectivity,air transport and urban hierarchy:a case in east asia[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2016,54(6):132-139.
[7] CAMAGNI R,CAPELLO R. Regional competitiveness and territorial capital:a conceptual approach and empirical evidence from the European Union[J]. Regional Studies,2013,47(9):1383-1402.
[8] MULLEN C,MARSDEN G. Transport,economic competitiveness and competition:a city perspective[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2015,49(12):1-8.
[9] TAYLOR P,DERUDDER B,HOYLER M. City-Dyad Analyses of China's Integration into the World City Network[J]. Urban Studies,2014,51(5):868-882.
[10] MACK E A,REY S J. An econometric approach for evaluating the linkages between broadband and knowledge intensive firms[J]. Telecommunications Policy,2014,38(1):105-118.
[11] MACK E A. Variations in the broadband-business connection across the urban hierarchy[J]. Growth and Change,2015,46(3):400-423.
[12]唐子来,李粲.迈向全球城市的战略思考[J].国际城市规划,2015,30(4):9-17.
[13] CSOMS G,DERUDDER B. Ranking Asia-Pacific cities:economic performance of multinational corporations and the regional urban hierarchy[J]. Bulletin of Geography,2014,25(2):69-80.
[14] DERUDDER B,TAYLOR P. Change in the world city network,2000-2012[J]. The Professional Geographer,2016,68(4):624-637.
[15]李娜,于涛方,郭怀成.中国城市体系格局与演变:航空流视角[J].北京大学学报,2010,46(6):972-984.
[16]金春雨,张浩博,程浩.东北区域经济一体化框架下城市职能与竞争力研究[J].经济纵横,2012,(6):75-79.
[17]陆杰华,王伟进.现阶段我国城市层级格局的主要特点及政策意涵分析—基于城市组织和整合功能的视角[J].北京行政学院学报,2015(1):100-106.
[18] ANPING C D,PARTRIDGE M. When are cities engines of growth in China? spread and backwash effects across the urban hierachy[J]. Regional Studies,2013,47(8):1313-1331.
[19]倪鹏飞,赵璧,魏劭琨.城市竞争力的指数构建与因素分析——基于全球500典型城市样本[J].城市发展研究,2013(6):72-78.
[2] CHEN ZHONG,SCHLlPFER M,BATTY M. Revealing centrality in the spatial structure of cities from human activity patterns[J]. Urban Studies,2017,54(2):437-455.
[3]周一星,张莉,武悦.城市中心性与我国城市中心性的等级体系[J].地域研究与开发,2001,20(4):1-5.
[4] COMMENDATORE P,KUBIN I,MOSSAY P. The role of centrality and market size in a four-region asymmetric new economic geography model[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2017,27(5):1095-1131.
[5] JAYASINGHE A,SANO K,NISHIUCHI H. Explain traffic flow patterns using centrality measures[J]. International Journal of Traffic and Transport Engineering,2015,5(2):134-149.
[6] MATSUMOTO H,DOMAE K. O'Connor K. Business connectivity,air transport and urban hierarchy:a case in east asia[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2016,54(6):132-139.
[7] CAMAGNI R,CAPELLO R. Regional competitiveness and territorial capital:a conceptual approach and empirical evidence from the European Union[J]. Regional Studies,2013,47(9):1383-1402.
[8] MULLEN C,MARSDEN G. Transport,economic competitiveness and competition:a city perspective[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2015,49(12):1-8.
[9] TAYLOR P,DERUDDER B,HOYLER M. City-Dyad Analyses of China's Integration into the World City Network[J]. Urban Studies,2014,51(5):868-882.
[10] MACK E A,REY S J. An econometric approach for evaluating the linkages between broadband and knowledge intensive firms[J]. Telecommunications Policy,2014,38(1):105-118.
[11] MACK E A. Variations in the broadband-business connection across the urban hierarchy[J]. Growth and Change,2015,46(3):400-423.
[12]唐子来,李粲.迈向全球城市的战略思考[J].国际城市规划,2015,30(4):9-17.
[13] CSOMS G,DERUDDER B. Ranking Asia-Pacific cities:economic performance of multinational corporations and the regional urban hierarchy[J]. Bulletin of Geography,2014,25(2):69-80.
[14] DERUDDER B,TAYLOR P. Change in the world city network,2000-2012[J]. The Professional Geographer,2016,68(4):624-637.
[15]李娜,于涛方,郭怀成.中国城市体系格局与演变:航空流视角[J].北京大学学报,2010,46(6):972-984.
[16]金春雨,张浩博,程浩.东北区域经济一体化框架下城市职能与竞争力研究[J].经济纵横,2012,(6):75-79.
[17]陆杰华,王伟进.现阶段我国城市层级格局的主要特点及政策意涵分析—基于城市组织和整合功能的视角[J].北京行政学院学报,2015(1):100-106.
[18] ANPING C D,PARTRIDGE M. When are cities engines of growth in China? spread and backwash effects across the urban hierachy[J]. Regional Studies,2013,47(8):1313-1331.
[19]倪鹏飞,赵璧,魏劭琨.城市竞争力的指数构建与因素分析——基于全球500典型城市样本[J].城市发展研究,2013(6):72-78.