城市水管理与海绵城市建设之理论基础——城市水文学研究进展
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摘要
过去数十年来,我国经济社会快速发展,城市化进程不断加快,但由于不合理的城市规划和建设,自然水循环系统受到无序的干扰和破坏,引发了一系列城市水问题,城市水管理工作面临巨大挑战。城市水管理的理论支撑就是以研究城市水循环为核心的城市水文科学,"海绵城市"建设作为我国现代城市水管理的重大战略,必须以城市水文学理论为依据,深入研究城市水循环机理和规律。本文围绕城市水管理支撑理论,系统梳理了国内外在城市化水文效应、城市产汇流理论、城市雨洪模拟与管理方面的研究进展,指出城市水文观测与预报、城市化水文效应与产汇流理论、城市综合水系统模型研究是当前和未来一段时间研究的重点和难点。提出了我国当前城市水管理和海绵城市建设所面临的城市产汇流基础理论、城市气象水文监测和水文过程模拟技术问题,以及城市水文学研究应对变化环境下城市复杂的综合水问题开展基于多学科理论的全面精细化模拟分析的基本思路。
Urbanization has a great impact on natural water cycle system and results in a series of problems such as urban water shortage,degeneration of water ecology and environment and water-induced disas?ters due to unreasonable urban planning,which brings a great challenge to integrated urban water manage?ment. The basic theory and technical support for urban water management are urban hydrology and water-re?lated disciplines. "Sponge city",an advanced urban water management strategy,must take the theory of ur?ban hydrology as its guidance,and should be carried out based on urban water cycle. To lay a foundationfor the basic theory development of urban water management,the major progresses and achievements on hy?drological response to urbanization, mechanisms of urban runoff process, urban stormwater simulation andmanagement are summarized and reviewed in this paper. It is concluded that further studies should paymore attention to the urban hydrometeorological observation and forecasting,hydrological impact of urbaniza?tion,urban runoff generation mechanisms,and integrated urban water system model. It is also pointed outthat more researches should be carried out to strengthen the basic theories of urban water management andsponge city technology. In urban hydrology,the changing environment background and complex urban watersystem pose a great challenge to more comprehensive and elaborate modeling and analysis based on interdisciplinary theories.
Urbanization has a great impact on natural water cycle system and results in a series of problems such as urban water shortage,degeneration of water ecology and environment and water-induced disas?ters due to unreasonable urban planning,which brings a great challenge to integrated urban water manage?ment. The basic theory and technical support for urban water management are urban hydrology and water-re?lated disciplines. "Sponge city",an advanced urban water management strategy,must take the theory of ur?ban hydrology as its guidance,and should be carried out based on urban water cycle. To lay a foundationfor the basic theory development of urban water management,the major progresses and achievements on hy?drological response to urbanization, mechanisms of urban runoff process, urban stormwater simulation andmanagement are summarized and reviewed in this paper. It is concluded that further studies should paymore attention to the urban hydrometeorological observation and forecasting,hydrological impact of urbaniza?tion,urban runoff generation mechanisms,and integrated urban water system model. It is also pointed outthat more researches should be carried out to strengthen the basic theories of urban water management andsponge city technology. In urban hydrology,the changing environment background and complex urban watersystem pose a great challenge to more comprehensive and elaborate modeling and analysis based on interdisciplinary theories.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国2017年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[J].中国统计,2018(3):7-20.
[2] United Nations. World Urbanization Prospects:The 2014 Revision-Highlights[R]. New York, United Nations,Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2014.
[3]王浩,梅超,刘家宏.海绵城市系统构建模式[J].水利学报,2017,48(9):1009-1014,1022.
[4]张建云,王银堂,胡庆芳,等.海绵城市建设有关问题讨论[J].水科学进展,2016,27(6):793-799.
[5] ECKART K,MCPHEE Z,BOLISETTI T. Performance and implementation of low impact development-A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,607:413-432.
[6] LIU Y,ENGEL B A,FLANAGAN D C,et al. A review on effectiveness of best management practices in improv?ing hydrology and water quality:Needs and opportunities[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,601:580-593.
[7] TEDOLDI D,CHEBBO G,PIERLOT D,et al. Impact of runoff infiltration on contaminant accumulation andtransport in the soil/filter media of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems:A literature review[J]. Science of the To?tal Environment,2016,569:904-926.
[8] NGUYEN T T,NGO H H,GUO W,et al. Implementation of a specific urban water management-Sponge City[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,652:147-162.
[9]徐宗学,程涛,任梅芳.“城市看海”何时休——兼论海绵城市功能与作用[J].中国防汛抗旱,2017,27:64-66.
[10]刘昌明,张永勇,王中根,等.维护良性水循环的城镇化LID模式:海绵城市规划方法与技术初步探讨[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(5):719-731.
[11]左其亭.我国海绵城市建设中的水科学难题[J].水资源保护,2016,32(4):21-26.
[12]夏军,石卫,王强,等.海绵城市建设中若干水文学问题的研讨[J].水资源保护,2017,33(1):1-8.
[13] HALL M J. Urban Hydrology[M]. London:Elsevier Applied Science Publishers,1984.
[14]张建云,宋晓猛,王国庆,等.变化环境下城市水文学的发展与挑战——I.城市水文效应[J].水科学进展,2014,25(4):594-605.
[15] ZHONG S,QIAN Y,ZHAO C,et al. A case study of urbanization impact on summer precipitation in the GreaterBeijing Metropolitan Area:Urban heat island versus aerosol effects[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmo?spheres,2015,120(20):10903-10914.
[16] KUG J-S,AHN M-S. Impact of urbanization on recent temperature and precipitation trends in the Korean Penin?sula[J]. Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2013,49:151-159.
[17] ROSENFELD D. Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution[J]. Science,2000,287:1793-1796.
[18] KAUFMANN R K,SETO K C,SCHNEIDER A,et al. Climate response to rapid urban growth:evidence of a hu?man-induced precipitation deficit[J]. Journal of Climate,2007,20:2299-2306.
[19] WANG X,WANG Z,QI Y,et al. Effect of urbanization on the winter precipitation distribution in Beijing Area[J]. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2009,52:250-256.
[20] DOW C L,DEWALLE D R. Trends in evaporation and Bowen ratio on urbanizing watersheds in eastern UnitedStates[J]. Water Resources Research,2000,36:1835-1843.
[21]许有鹏,石怡,都金康.秦淮河流域城市化对水文水资源影响[C]//首届中国湖泊论坛论文集. 2011.
[22]周琳.北京市城市蒸散发研究[D].北京:清华大学,2015.
[23] CHENG T,XU Z X,HONG S Y,et al. Flood risk zoning by using 2D Hydrodynamic modeling:A case study inJinan city[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2017,DOI:10.1155/2017/5659197.
[24] CHEN W,HUANG G,ZHANG H,et al. Urban inundation response to rainstorm patterns with a coupled hydro?dynamic model:A case study in Haidian Island,China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2018,564:1022-1035.
[25]赵刚,史蓉,庞博,等.快速城市化对产汇流影响的研究:以凉水河流域为例[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(5):55-64.
[26] BONNEAU J,FLETCHER T D,COSTELLOE J F,et al. Where does infiltrated stormwater go? Interactions withvegetation and subsurface anthropogenic features[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2018,567:121-132.
[27]申红彬,张书函,徐宗学.北京未来科技城LID分块配置与径流削减效果监测[J].水利学报,2018,49(8):937-944.
[28]田富强,程涛,芦由,等.社会水文学和城市水文学研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(1):46-56.
[29]孙艳伟,王文川,魏晓妹,等.城市化生态水文效应[J].水科学进展,2012,23(4):569-574.
[30] TARBOTON D G. Rainfall-Runoff Processes[R]. Workbook,Utah State University,2003.
[31]芮孝芳,蒋成煜,陈清锦.论城市排水防涝工程水文问题[J].水利水电科技进展,2015,35(1):42-48.
[32]肖荣波,欧阳志云,张兆明,等.城市热岛效应监测方法研究进展[J].气象,2005,31(11):3-6.
[33]刘佳明.城市雨洪放大效应及分布式城市雨洪模型研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2016.
[34] VERBEIREN B,VOORDE T V D,CANTERS F,et al. Assessing urbanisation effects on rainfall-runoff using aremote sensing supported modelling strategy[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observations&Geoinfor?mation,2013,21:92-102.
[35] SALVADORE E,BRONDERS J,BATELAAN O. Hydrological modelling of urbanized catchments:A review andfuture directions[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2015,529:62-81.
[36]刘家宏,梅超,向晨瑶,等.城市水文模型原理[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(5):1-5.
[37] GLENIS V,KUTIJA V,KILSBY C. A fully hydrodynamic urban flood modelling system representing buildings,green space and interventions[J]. Environmental Modelling&Software,2018,109:272-292.
[38] SCHUBERT J E,SANDERS B F,SMITH M J,et al. Unstructured mesh generation and landcover-based resis?tance for hydrodynamic modeling of urban flooding[J]. Advances in Water Resources,2008,31:1603-1621.
[39] TENG J,JAKEMAN A J,VAZE J,et al. Flood inundation modelling:A review of methods,recent advances anduncertainty analysis[J]. Environmental Modelling&Software,2017,90:201-216.
[40]王静,李娜,程晓陶.城市洪涝仿真模型的改进与应用[J].水利学报,2010,41(3):1393-1400.
[41] ELLIOTT A H,TROWSDALE S A. A review of models for low impact urban stormwater drainage[J]. Environ?mental Modelling&Software,2007,22:394-405.
[42]岑国平,沈晋.城市地面产流的试验研究[J].水利学报,1997(10):47-52.
[43] SHUSTER W D,PAPPAS E,ZHANG Y. Laboratory-scale simulation of runoff response from pervious-impervi?ous systems[J]. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2008,13:886-893.
[44]罗鹏,宋星原.基于栅格的分布式SCS产流模型研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(4):138-142.
[45] PAN A,HOU A,TIAN F,et al. Hydrologically enhanced distributed urban drainage model and its application inBeijing city[J]. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2012,17:667-678.
[46]胡伟贤,何文华,黄国如,等.城市雨洪模拟技术研究进展[J].水科学进展,2010,21(1):137-144.
[47]喻海军.城市洪涝数值模拟技术研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.
[48]任伯帜,邓仁建.城市地表雨水汇流特性及计算方法分析[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(14):39-42.
[49]赵刚,徐宗学,庞博,等.基于改进填洼模型的城市洪涝灾害计算方法[J].水科学进展,2018,29(1):20-30.
[50] CHEN J,HILL A A,URBANO L D. A GIS-based model for urban flood inundation[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2009,373:184-192.
[51] ZHANG S,WANG T,ZHAO B. Calculation and visualization of flood inundation based on a topographic trianglenetwork[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2014,509:406-415.
[52] JAMALI B,L WE R,BACH P M,et al. A rapid urban flood inundation and damage assessment model[J]. Jour?nal of Hydrology,2018,564:1085-1098.
[53] SCHMITT T G,THOMAS M,ETTRICH N. Analysis and modeling of flooding in urban drainage systems[J].Journal of Hydrology,2004,299:300-311.
[54]仇劲卫,李娜,程晓陶,等.天津市城区暴雨沥涝仿真模拟系统[J].水利学报,2000,31(11):34-42.
[55]张新华,隆文非,谢和平,等.任意多边形网格2D FVM模型及其在城市洪水淹没中的应用[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2007,39(4):6-11.
[56]张新华,隆文非,谢和平,等.二维浅水波模型在洪水淹没过程中的模拟研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2006,38(1):20-25.
[57]耿艳芬.城市雨洪的水动力耦合模型研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2006.
[58]李娜,孟雨婷,王静,等.低影响开发措施的内涝削减效果研究——以济南市海绵试点区为例[J].水利学报,2018,49(12):1489-1502.
[2] United Nations. World Urbanization Prospects:The 2014 Revision-Highlights[R]. New York, United Nations,Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2014.
[3]王浩,梅超,刘家宏.海绵城市系统构建模式[J].水利学报,2017,48(9):1009-1014,1022.
[4]张建云,王银堂,胡庆芳,等.海绵城市建设有关问题讨论[J].水科学进展,2016,27(6):793-799.
[5] ECKART K,MCPHEE Z,BOLISETTI T. Performance and implementation of low impact development-A review[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,607:413-432.
[6] LIU Y,ENGEL B A,FLANAGAN D C,et al. A review on effectiveness of best management practices in improv?ing hydrology and water quality:Needs and opportunities[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,601:580-593.
[7] TEDOLDI D,CHEBBO G,PIERLOT D,et al. Impact of runoff infiltration on contaminant accumulation andtransport in the soil/filter media of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems:A literature review[J]. Science of the To?tal Environment,2016,569:904-926.
[8] NGUYEN T T,NGO H H,GUO W,et al. Implementation of a specific urban water management-Sponge City[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,652:147-162.
[9]徐宗学,程涛,任梅芳.“城市看海”何时休——兼论海绵城市功能与作用[J].中国防汛抗旱,2017,27:64-66.
[10]刘昌明,张永勇,王中根,等.维护良性水循环的城镇化LID模式:海绵城市规划方法与技术初步探讨[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(5):719-731.
[11]左其亭.我国海绵城市建设中的水科学难题[J].水资源保护,2016,32(4):21-26.
[12]夏军,石卫,王强,等.海绵城市建设中若干水文学问题的研讨[J].水资源保护,2017,33(1):1-8.
[13] HALL M J. Urban Hydrology[M]. London:Elsevier Applied Science Publishers,1984.
[14]张建云,宋晓猛,王国庆,等.变化环境下城市水文学的发展与挑战——I.城市水文效应[J].水科学进展,2014,25(4):594-605.
[15] ZHONG S,QIAN Y,ZHAO C,et al. A case study of urbanization impact on summer precipitation in the GreaterBeijing Metropolitan Area:Urban heat island versus aerosol effects[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmo?spheres,2015,120(20):10903-10914.
[16] KUG J-S,AHN M-S. Impact of urbanization on recent temperature and precipitation trends in the Korean Penin?sula[J]. Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2013,49:151-159.
[17] ROSENFELD D. Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution[J]. Science,2000,287:1793-1796.
[18] KAUFMANN R K,SETO K C,SCHNEIDER A,et al. Climate response to rapid urban growth:evidence of a hu?man-induced precipitation deficit[J]. Journal of Climate,2007,20:2299-2306.
[19] WANG X,WANG Z,QI Y,et al. Effect of urbanization on the winter precipitation distribution in Beijing Area[J]. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,2009,52:250-256.
[20] DOW C L,DEWALLE D R. Trends in evaporation and Bowen ratio on urbanizing watersheds in eastern UnitedStates[J]. Water Resources Research,2000,36:1835-1843.
[21]许有鹏,石怡,都金康.秦淮河流域城市化对水文水资源影响[C]//首届中国湖泊论坛论文集. 2011.
[22]周琳.北京市城市蒸散发研究[D].北京:清华大学,2015.
[23] CHENG T,XU Z X,HONG S Y,et al. Flood risk zoning by using 2D Hydrodynamic modeling:A case study inJinan city[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering,2017,DOI:10.1155/2017/5659197.
[24] CHEN W,HUANG G,ZHANG H,et al. Urban inundation response to rainstorm patterns with a coupled hydro?dynamic model:A case study in Haidian Island,China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2018,564:1022-1035.
[25]赵刚,史蓉,庞博,等.快速城市化对产汇流影响的研究:以凉水河流域为例[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(5):55-64.
[26] BONNEAU J,FLETCHER T D,COSTELLOE J F,et al. Where does infiltrated stormwater go? Interactions withvegetation and subsurface anthropogenic features[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2018,567:121-132.
[27]申红彬,张书函,徐宗学.北京未来科技城LID分块配置与径流削减效果监测[J].水利学报,2018,49(8):937-944.
[28]田富强,程涛,芦由,等.社会水文学和城市水文学研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(1):46-56.
[29]孙艳伟,王文川,魏晓妹,等.城市化生态水文效应[J].水科学进展,2012,23(4):569-574.
[30] TARBOTON D G. Rainfall-Runoff Processes[R]. Workbook,Utah State University,2003.
[31]芮孝芳,蒋成煜,陈清锦.论城市排水防涝工程水文问题[J].水利水电科技进展,2015,35(1):42-48.
[32]肖荣波,欧阳志云,张兆明,等.城市热岛效应监测方法研究进展[J].气象,2005,31(11):3-6.
[33]刘佳明.城市雨洪放大效应及分布式城市雨洪模型研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2016.
[34] VERBEIREN B,VOORDE T V D,CANTERS F,et al. Assessing urbanisation effects on rainfall-runoff using aremote sensing supported modelling strategy[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observations&Geoinfor?mation,2013,21:92-102.
[35] SALVADORE E,BRONDERS J,BATELAAN O. Hydrological modelling of urbanized catchments:A review andfuture directions[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2015,529:62-81.
[36]刘家宏,梅超,向晨瑶,等.城市水文模型原理[J].水利水电技术,2017,48(5):1-5.
[37] GLENIS V,KUTIJA V,KILSBY C. A fully hydrodynamic urban flood modelling system representing buildings,green space and interventions[J]. Environmental Modelling&Software,2018,109:272-292.
[38] SCHUBERT J E,SANDERS B F,SMITH M J,et al. Unstructured mesh generation and landcover-based resis?tance for hydrodynamic modeling of urban flooding[J]. Advances in Water Resources,2008,31:1603-1621.
[39] TENG J,JAKEMAN A J,VAZE J,et al. Flood inundation modelling:A review of methods,recent advances anduncertainty analysis[J]. Environmental Modelling&Software,2017,90:201-216.
[40]王静,李娜,程晓陶.城市洪涝仿真模型的改进与应用[J].水利学报,2010,41(3):1393-1400.
[41] ELLIOTT A H,TROWSDALE S A. A review of models for low impact urban stormwater drainage[J]. Environ?mental Modelling&Software,2007,22:394-405.
[42]岑国平,沈晋.城市地面产流的试验研究[J].水利学报,1997(10):47-52.
[43] SHUSTER W D,PAPPAS E,ZHANG Y. Laboratory-scale simulation of runoff response from pervious-impervi?ous systems[J]. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2008,13:886-893.
[44]罗鹏,宋星原.基于栅格的分布式SCS产流模型研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(4):138-142.
[45] PAN A,HOU A,TIAN F,et al. Hydrologically enhanced distributed urban drainage model and its application inBeijing city[J]. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2012,17:667-678.
[46]胡伟贤,何文华,黄国如,等.城市雨洪模拟技术研究进展[J].水科学进展,2010,21(1):137-144.
[47]喻海军.城市洪涝数值模拟技术研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.
[48]任伯帜,邓仁建.城市地表雨水汇流特性及计算方法分析[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(14):39-42.
[49]赵刚,徐宗学,庞博,等.基于改进填洼模型的城市洪涝灾害计算方法[J].水科学进展,2018,29(1):20-30.
[50] CHEN J,HILL A A,URBANO L D. A GIS-based model for urban flood inundation[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2009,373:184-192.
[51] ZHANG S,WANG T,ZHAO B. Calculation and visualization of flood inundation based on a topographic trianglenetwork[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2014,509:406-415.
[52] JAMALI B,L WE R,BACH P M,et al. A rapid urban flood inundation and damage assessment model[J]. Jour?nal of Hydrology,2018,564:1085-1098.
[53] SCHMITT T G,THOMAS M,ETTRICH N. Analysis and modeling of flooding in urban drainage systems[J].Journal of Hydrology,2004,299:300-311.
[54]仇劲卫,李娜,程晓陶,等.天津市城区暴雨沥涝仿真模拟系统[J].水利学报,2000,31(11):34-42.
[55]张新华,隆文非,谢和平,等.任意多边形网格2D FVM模型及其在城市洪水淹没中的应用[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2007,39(4):6-11.
[56]张新华,隆文非,谢和平,等.二维浅水波模型在洪水淹没过程中的模拟研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2006,38(1):20-25.
[57]耿艳芬.城市雨洪的水动力耦合模型研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2006.
[58]李娜,孟雨婷,王静,等.低影响开发措施的内涝削减效果研究——以济南市海绵试点区为例[J].水利学报,2018,49(12):1489-1502.
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