2006―2016年粤港澳大湾区城市不透水面时空变化与驱动力分析
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摘要
以遥感和地理信息系统技术为支撑,从城市地理学视角对粤港澳大湾区城市不透水面的时空变化状况进行分析,并探讨了不透水面变化的驱动力。结果表明:1)湾区内城市不透水面扩张现象明显,面积从2006年的12 127.69 km2增加到2016年的20 188.87 km2,年均增长速度高达6.65%;2)区域内城市不透水面空间分布越来越集中,呈现高密度区域聚集;3)交通道路(省道及以上级别)与城市不透水面扩张的速度和方向关系密切,其中与国道的关系最为紧密;4)国民生产总值(GDP)和常住人口的增长都对城市不透水面的扩张产生深刻的正向影响,相关系数分别为0.840 7和0.834 1;5)近10年来,粤港澳大湾区城市不透水面的空间格局变化显著,湾区各城市的发展阶段存在差异性,在未来城市发展中应该协调好各城市不透水面的扩张范围和速度,避免过高不透水面带来生态环境问题。
Impervious surface has emerged not only as an important indicator of the degree of urbanization, but also a major indicator of environmental quality, which has been considered as a significant topic in the application of urban geography and ecology. With the rapid development of urbanization and increase of impervious surface, a growing number of urban governors and environmental managers have paid attention to the distribution of impervious surfaces. This paper examines the spatial-temporal changes and its dynamics of impervious surface areas(ISA) in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area using time series Landsat imagery from the perspective of urban geography with the supports of Remote Sensing(RS) and Geographic Information System(GIS). Linear spectral mixture analysis(LSMA) has been applied to estimate ISA, and the results of ISA were calculated by a thresholding method with impervious surface fraction >0.5. The results show that the ISA increases from 12 127.69 km2 to 20 188.87 km2 between 2006 and 2016, with an average annual growth rate of 6.65%. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of ISA is becoming more and more concentrative. Additionally, this study reveals that the increase speed and direction of ISA and urban expansion and urban traffic have strong relationship, especially the national highway having the most prominent relationship among all of the styles of traffics. Economic development(gross domestic product, GDP) and permanent population have positive effects on increase of ISA, with correlation coefficient(R2) of 0.840 7 and 0.834 1, respectively. Furthermore, the development of stages and patterns in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area are different. The impervious surfaces of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have experienced significant changes in the past decades. The objective of this study is to quantify the dynamics of ISA in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for its sustainable urban planning and management strategy. In the future urban development, we should coordinate the expansion scope and speed of ISA in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, avoiding the environmental problem caused by blind urban expansion.
Impervious surface has emerged not only as an important indicator of the degree of urbanization, but also a major indicator of environmental quality, which has been considered as a significant topic in the application of urban geography and ecology. With the rapid development of urbanization and increase of impervious surface, a growing number of urban governors and environmental managers have paid attention to the distribution of impervious surfaces. This paper examines the spatial-temporal changes and its dynamics of impervious surface areas(ISA) in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area using time series Landsat imagery from the perspective of urban geography with the supports of Remote Sensing(RS) and Geographic Information System(GIS). Linear spectral mixture analysis(LSMA) has been applied to estimate ISA, and the results of ISA were calculated by a thresholding method with impervious surface fraction >0.5. The results show that the ISA increases from 12 127.69 km2 to 20 188.87 km2 between 2006 and 2016, with an average annual growth rate of 6.65%. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of ISA is becoming more and more concentrative. Additionally, this study reveals that the increase speed and direction of ISA and urban expansion and urban traffic have strong relationship, especially the national highway having the most prominent relationship among all of the styles of traffics. Economic development(gross domestic product, GDP) and permanent population have positive effects on increase of ISA, with correlation coefficient(R2) of 0.840 7 and 0.834 1, respectively. Furthermore, the development of stages and patterns in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area are different. The impervious surfaces of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have experienced significant changes in the past decades. The objective of this study is to quantify the dynamics of ISA in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area for its sustainable urban planning and management strategy. In the future urban development, we should coordinate the expansion scope and speed of ISA in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, avoiding the environmental problem caused by blind urban expansion.
引文
ADAMS J B,SABOL D E,KAPOS V,FILHO R A,ROBERTS D A,SMITH M O and GILLESPIE A R.1995.Classification of multispectral images based on fractions of endmembers:Application to land-cover change in the Brazilian Amazon.Remote Sensing of Environment,52(2):137-154.
蔡赤萌.2017.粤港澳大湾区城市群建设的战略意义和现实挑战.广东社会科学,(4):5-14.[CAI Chimeng.2017.The Building of a World-Class City Cluster in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:Strategic Meanings and Challenges.Guangdong Journal of Social Sciences,(4):5-14.]
陈朝萌.2016.粤港澳大湾区港口群定位格局实证分析.深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版),33(4):32-35.[CHEN Zhao meng.2016.Empirical analysis of port group positioning in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Big Bay Area.Journal of Shenzhen University(Humanities&Social Sciences),33(4):32-35.]
DENG Y B,FAN F L and CHEN R R.2012.Extraction and analysis of impervious surfaces based on a spectral un-mixing method using Pearl River Delta of China Landsat TM/ETM+imagery from 1998 to2008.Sensors,12(2):1846.
FAN F L,WANG Y P and WANG Z S.2008.Temporal and spatial change detecting(1998-2003)and predicting of land use and land cover in core corridor of Pearl River Delta(China)by using TM and ETM+images.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,137(1/3):127.
胡伟平,吴志峰,何建邦.2002.基于遥感的珠江三角洲城镇等级规模研究.地理科学进展,21(4):358-364.[HU Weiping,WU Zhifeng and HE Jianbang.2002.Studies on urban grade-size change in the Pearl River Delta based on remote sensing.Progress in Geography,21(4):358-364.]
胡伟平,何建邦.2003.GIS支持下珠江三角洲城镇建筑覆盖变化遥感监测分析.遥感学报,7(3):201-206.[HU Weiping and HEJianbang.2003.Build-up land-cover change monitoring by remote sensing of urban area in the Pearl River Delta based on GIS.Journal of Remote Sensing,7(3):201-206.]
黎夏,叶嘉安.1997.利用遥感监视和分析珠江三角洲的城市扩张过程--以东莞市为例.地理研究,16(4):56-62.[LI Xia and YEJia’an.1997.Application of remote sensing for monitoring and analysis of urban expansion-a case study of Dongguan.Geographical Research,16(4):56-62.]
黎夏,彭沛全,廖其芳.1998.利用遥感与GIS分析珠江三角洲农田流失的空间分布规律及影响因素--以东莞市为例.热带地理,18(2):98-102.[LI Xia,PENG Peiquan and LIAO Qifang.1998.An analysis of the spatial distribution of agricultural land loss and its determinations in Dongguan with remote sensing and GIS.Tropical Geography,18(2):98-102.]
李晓莉,申明浩.2017.新一轮对外开放背景下粤港澳大湾区发展战略和建设路径探讨.国际经贸探索,(9):4-13.[LI Xiaoli and SHENMinghao.2017.Discussion on Development Strategy and Construction Path of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the new round of opening up.International Economics And Trade Research,(9):4-13.]
李睿.2015.国际著名“湾区”发展经验及启示港口经济,(9):5-8..[LIRui.2015.Development experience and enlightenment of international famous“Bay Area”.Port Economy,(9):5-8.]
李郇,郑莎莉,梁育填.2017.贸易促进下的粤港澳大湾区一体化发展.热带地理,37(6):792-801.[LI Xun,ZHENG Sali and LIANGYutian.2017.Integration process of the Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area under the promotion of trade.Tropical Geography,37(6):792-801.]
林初昇.2017.“粤港澳大湾区”城市群发展规划之可为与不可为.热带地理,37(6):755-756,761.[George C S LIN.2017.Planning for the development of the city-regions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:what can and cannot be done.Tropical Geography,37(6):755-756,761.]
LU D S and WENG Q H.2006.Use of impervious surface in urban land-use classification.Remote Sensing of Environment,102(1):146-160.
马向明,陈洋.2017.粤港澳大湾区:新阶段与新挑战.热带地理,37(6):762-774.[MA Xiangming and CHEN Yang.2017.The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:a new era and a big challenge.Tropical Geography,37(6):762-774.]
RIDD M K.1995.Exploring a V-I-S(vegetation-impervious surface-soil)model for urban ecosystem analysis through remote sensing:comparative anatomy for cities.International Journal of Remote Sensing,16(12):2165-2185.
ROBERTS D A,SMITH M O and ADAMS J B.1993.Green vegetation,nonphotosynthetic vegetation,and soils in AVIRIS data.Remote Sensing of Environment,44(2/3):255-269.
SLONECKER E T,JENNINGS D B and GAROFALO D.2001.Remote sensing of impervious surfaces:A review.Remote Sensing Reviews,20(3):227-255.
王浩,吴炳方,李晓松.2011.流域尺度的不透水面遥感提取.遥感学报,15(2):388-400.[WANG Hao,WU Bingfang and LIXiaosong.2011.Extraction of impervious surface in Hai Basin using remote sensing.Journal of Remote Sensing,15(2):388-400.]
WENG Q H.2001.A remote sensing GIS evaluation of urban expansion and its impact on surface temperature in the Zhujiang Delta,China.International Journal of Remote Sensing,22(10):1999-2014.
WENG Q H.2012.Remote sensing of impervious surfaces in the urban areas:requirements,methods and trends.Remote Sensing of Environment,117(2):34-49.
WU C S and MURRAY A T.2003.Estimating impervious surface distribution by spectral mixture analysis.Remote Sensing of Environment,84(4):493-505.
徐涵秋.2009.城市不透水面与相关城市生态要素关系的定量分析.生态学报,29(5):2456-2462.[XU Hanqiu.2009.Quantitative analysis on the relationship of urban impervious surface with other components of the urban ecosystem.Acta Ecologica Sinica,29(5):2456-2462.]
XU H Q.2006.Modification of normalised difference water index(NDWI)to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery.International Journal of Remote Sensing,27(14):3025-3033.
徐涵秋,王美雅.2016.地表不透水面信息遥感的主要方法分析.遥感学报,20(5):1270-1289.[XU Hanqiu and WANGMeiya.2016.Remote sensing-based retrieval of ground impervious surface.Journal of Remote Sensing,20(5):1270-1289.]
YEH A G O.2001.Measurement and monitoring of urban sprawl in a rapidly growing region using entropy.Photogrammetric Engineering&Remote Sensing,67(1):83-90.
张日新,谷卓桐.2017.粤港澳大湾区的来龙去脉与下一步.改革,(5):64-73.[ZHANG Rixin and GU Zhuotong.2017.The origin and next move of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay.Reform,(5):64-73.]
周春山,罗利佳,史晨怡,王珏晗.2017.粤港澳大湾区经济发展时空演变特征及其影响因素.热带地理,37(6):802-813.[ZHOU Chunshan,LUO Lijia,SHI Chenyi and WANG Juehan.2017.Spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics of the economic development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and its influencing factors.Tropical Geography,37(6):802-813.]
蔡赤萌.2017.粤港澳大湾区城市群建设的战略意义和现实挑战.广东社会科学,(4):5-14.[CAI Chimeng.2017.The Building of a World-Class City Cluster in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:Strategic Meanings and Challenges.Guangdong Journal of Social Sciences,(4):5-14.]
陈朝萌.2016.粤港澳大湾区港口群定位格局实证分析.深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版),33(4):32-35.[CHEN Zhao meng.2016.Empirical analysis of port group positioning in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Big Bay Area.Journal of Shenzhen University(Humanities&Social Sciences),33(4):32-35.]
DENG Y B,FAN F L and CHEN R R.2012.Extraction and analysis of impervious surfaces based on a spectral un-mixing method using Pearl River Delta of China Landsat TM/ETM+imagery from 1998 to2008.Sensors,12(2):1846.
FAN F L,WANG Y P and WANG Z S.2008.Temporal and spatial change detecting(1998-2003)and predicting of land use and land cover in core corridor of Pearl River Delta(China)by using TM and ETM+images.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,137(1/3):127.
胡伟平,吴志峰,何建邦.2002.基于遥感的珠江三角洲城镇等级规模研究.地理科学进展,21(4):358-364.[HU Weiping,WU Zhifeng and HE Jianbang.2002.Studies on urban grade-size change in the Pearl River Delta based on remote sensing.Progress in Geography,21(4):358-364.]
胡伟平,何建邦.2003.GIS支持下珠江三角洲城镇建筑覆盖变化遥感监测分析.遥感学报,7(3):201-206.[HU Weiping and HEJianbang.2003.Build-up land-cover change monitoring by remote sensing of urban area in the Pearl River Delta based on GIS.Journal of Remote Sensing,7(3):201-206.]
黎夏,叶嘉安.1997.利用遥感监视和分析珠江三角洲的城市扩张过程--以东莞市为例.地理研究,16(4):56-62.[LI Xia and YEJia’an.1997.Application of remote sensing for monitoring and analysis of urban expansion-a case study of Dongguan.Geographical Research,16(4):56-62.]
黎夏,彭沛全,廖其芳.1998.利用遥感与GIS分析珠江三角洲农田流失的空间分布规律及影响因素--以东莞市为例.热带地理,18(2):98-102.[LI Xia,PENG Peiquan and LIAO Qifang.1998.An analysis of the spatial distribution of agricultural land loss and its determinations in Dongguan with remote sensing and GIS.Tropical Geography,18(2):98-102.]
李晓莉,申明浩.2017.新一轮对外开放背景下粤港澳大湾区发展战略和建设路径探讨.国际经贸探索,(9):4-13.[LI Xiaoli and SHENMinghao.2017.Discussion on Development Strategy and Construction Path of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the new round of opening up.International Economics And Trade Research,(9):4-13.]
李睿.2015.国际著名“湾区”发展经验及启示港口经济,(9):5-8..[LIRui.2015.Development experience and enlightenment of international famous“Bay Area”.Port Economy,(9):5-8.]
李郇,郑莎莉,梁育填.2017.贸易促进下的粤港澳大湾区一体化发展.热带地理,37(6):792-801.[LI Xun,ZHENG Sali and LIANGYutian.2017.Integration process of the Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area under the promotion of trade.Tropical Geography,37(6):792-801.]
林初昇.2017.“粤港澳大湾区”城市群发展规划之可为与不可为.热带地理,37(6):755-756,761.[George C S LIN.2017.Planning for the development of the city-regions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:what can and cannot be done.Tropical Geography,37(6):755-756,761.]
LU D S and WENG Q H.2006.Use of impervious surface in urban land-use classification.Remote Sensing of Environment,102(1):146-160.
马向明,陈洋.2017.粤港澳大湾区:新阶段与新挑战.热带地理,37(6):762-774.[MA Xiangming and CHEN Yang.2017.The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area:a new era and a big challenge.Tropical Geography,37(6):762-774.]
RIDD M K.1995.Exploring a V-I-S(vegetation-impervious surface-soil)model for urban ecosystem analysis through remote sensing:comparative anatomy for cities.International Journal of Remote Sensing,16(12):2165-2185.
ROBERTS D A,SMITH M O and ADAMS J B.1993.Green vegetation,nonphotosynthetic vegetation,and soils in AVIRIS data.Remote Sensing of Environment,44(2/3):255-269.
SLONECKER E T,JENNINGS D B and GAROFALO D.2001.Remote sensing of impervious surfaces:A review.Remote Sensing Reviews,20(3):227-255.
王浩,吴炳方,李晓松.2011.流域尺度的不透水面遥感提取.遥感学报,15(2):388-400.[WANG Hao,WU Bingfang and LIXiaosong.2011.Extraction of impervious surface in Hai Basin using remote sensing.Journal of Remote Sensing,15(2):388-400.]
WENG Q H.2001.A remote sensing GIS evaluation of urban expansion and its impact on surface temperature in the Zhujiang Delta,China.International Journal of Remote Sensing,22(10):1999-2014.
WENG Q H.2012.Remote sensing of impervious surfaces in the urban areas:requirements,methods and trends.Remote Sensing of Environment,117(2):34-49.
WU C S and MURRAY A T.2003.Estimating impervious surface distribution by spectral mixture analysis.Remote Sensing of Environment,84(4):493-505.
徐涵秋.2009.城市不透水面与相关城市生态要素关系的定量分析.生态学报,29(5):2456-2462.[XU Hanqiu.2009.Quantitative analysis on the relationship of urban impervious surface with other components of the urban ecosystem.Acta Ecologica Sinica,29(5):2456-2462.]
XU H Q.2006.Modification of normalised difference water index(NDWI)to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery.International Journal of Remote Sensing,27(14):3025-3033.
徐涵秋,王美雅.2016.地表不透水面信息遥感的主要方法分析.遥感学报,20(5):1270-1289.[XU Hanqiu and WANGMeiya.2016.Remote sensing-based retrieval of ground impervious surface.Journal of Remote Sensing,20(5):1270-1289.]
YEH A G O.2001.Measurement and monitoring of urban sprawl in a rapidly growing region using entropy.Photogrammetric Engineering&Remote Sensing,67(1):83-90.
张日新,谷卓桐.2017.粤港澳大湾区的来龙去脉与下一步.改革,(5):64-73.[ZHANG Rixin and GU Zhuotong.2017.The origin and next move of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay.Reform,(5):64-73.]
周春山,罗利佳,史晨怡,王珏晗.2017.粤港澳大湾区经济发展时空演变特征及其影响因素.热带地理,37(6):802-813.[ZHOU Chunshan,LUO Lijia,SHI Chenyi and WANG Juehan.2017.Spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics of the economic development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and its influencing factors.Tropical Geography,37(6):802-813.]
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